新型冠状病毒肺炎合并心血管疾病的抗栓策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者常伴有高凝状态,且多合并需抗栓治疗的心血管疾病,这些疾病主要包括急性冠状动脉综合征、心房颤动和深静脉血栓等。在对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者进行抗栓治疗时,既要考虑新型冠状病毒肺炎的特殊性,又要兼顾抗栓的有效性,还要考虑特殊药物相互作用,这就需结合新型冠状病毒肺炎特点、心血管疾病的特点、血栓和出血风险评估以及患者自身情况进行个体化治疗。针对上述情况,心血管疾病的抗栓治疗需要在遵循常规指南的基础上有所调整,以达到更高的治疗安全性和有效性。因此,及时了解新型冠状病毒肺炎患者抗栓治疗情况并制定安全有效的抗栓策略对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的预后意义重大。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎对心血管系统影响的中医认识与防治策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎可能会造成心脏损伤,且具有心血管基础疾病的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者预后明显较差。针对新型冠状病毒肺炎对心血管系统所造成的影响,通过阐述其与心血管疾病之间的关系及中医对其病理机制的认识,为新型冠状病毒肺炎中医药防治系统化提供指导。     

糖尿病合并新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的胰岛素治疗

由于高血糖对患者身体免疫系统的损害,导致糖尿病患者极易受病毒、细菌感染而加重病情.而新型冠状病毒肺炎在全世界蔓延,传染性极强,重症患者救治困难.我国糖尿病患者约1.298亿,是新型冠状病毒肺炎的主要合并症,本文从糖尿病与新型冠状病毒肺炎的相互影响、不同状态下高血糖的胰岛素治疗及血糖控制目标,阐述糖尿病合并新型冠状病毒肺...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并心血管疾病的临床问题探讨

2019年底新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)在湖北省武汉市暴发流行,波及全国。截至2月22日全国累计确诊76392例新冠肺炎,死亡2348例。新冠肺炎成为了严重威胁公众健康的传染性疾病。研究报道新型冠状病毒对心脏损伤有潜在影响,来自武汉临床资料分析发现,138例新冠肺炎患者中7.2%发生急性心脏损伤,16.7%发生心律失常;此外还发现心肌损伤标志物超敏肌钙蛋白I的水平重症监护病房(intensive care anit,ICU)患者高于非ICU患者[1]。另外,新近的两项研究也发现新冠肺炎患者均有不同比例的心脏损伤,表现为心肌损伤标志物的升高或心电图和超声心动图出现新的异常。而对于已有心血管疾病的患者并发症和死亡风险都明显增加。7万余新冠肺炎患者的流行病学研究显示[2],合并心血管疾病患者死亡率高达10.5%,糖尿病为7.3%,慢性阻塞性肺病为6.3%,癌症为5.6%。因此,新型冠状病毒导致的心脏损伤以及对合并心血管疾病患者的预后值得关注。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎与心肌损伤

2019年12月,我国武汉地区爆发新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,COVID-19)。现已有近8万例临床诊断患者,死亡2700余例。随着临床病例资料的不断丰富,研究人员发现新型冠状病毒肺炎患者除了具有典型的呼吸系统表现外,也出现了心肌损伤、爆发性心肌炎、心源性休克和心功能衰竭等与病毒感染相关的心脏损害症状。合并高血压、冠心病的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者,更易发展为重症患者,死亡风险更高。本文基于现有文献报道,就新型冠状病毒肺炎与心肌损伤的相关机制和防治策略进行初步探讨。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎相关肝损伤研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎的大流行对全球的公共卫生安全造成了巨大威胁及挑战,并改变了医疗配置的优先性。在新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床诊治中,可以观察到相当比例的患者发生肝损伤,尤其是重症或危重症患者。本文总结新型冠状病毒肺炎致肝损伤的流行病学、机制、临床特征及治疗,希望可对临床医生的决策和优化治疗提供帮助。     

糖皮质激素治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎再探讨

糖皮质激素应用于重症病毒性肺炎一直存在争议。近期,基于大样本量的随机对照研究证实糖皮质激素对新型冠状病毒肺炎有效,且已经被写入WHO等的指南中。但是,糖皮质激素在新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗中的作用机制尚不清楚。通过查阅文献,我们发现重症新型冠状病毒肺炎,其病理改变并非单一的DAD,部分患者存在机化性肺炎或急性纤维素性机化性肺...     

合并心血管基础疾病的新型冠状病毒肺炎老年患者的临床特点与管理

合并有心血管基础疾病的老年患者更容易感染新型冠状病毒,在感染后更容易发展为重症患者,死亡风险也更高,对于这类患者的部分用药仍存在较大争议,是新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗的难点之一。本文就近期合并心血管基础疾病的新型冠状病毒肺炎老年患者临床特点与管理作一综述。     

合并心血管基础疾病的新型冠状病毒肺炎老年患者的临床特点与管理

合并有心血管基础疾病的老年患者更容易感染新型冠状病毒,在感染后更容易发展为重症患者,死亡风险也更高,对于这类患者的部分用药仍存在较大争议,是新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗的难点之一。本文就近期合并心血管基础疾病的新型冠状病毒肺炎老年患者临床特点与管理作一综述。     

老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎防治要点(试行)

新型冠状病毒人群普遍易感,有基础疾病的老年人更易感染,且老年患者重症率及病死率更高。免疫衰老是导致老年人容易出现危重新型冠状病毒肺炎的重要原因。老年人因合并基础疾病,可能导致临床表现、辅助检查及肺部影像学不典型,应特别注意。对老年患者进行诊治时需综合考虑全身状况。老年患者的治疗除一般治疗、氧疗、抗病毒治疗、呼吸支持等外,还应注意基础疾病的诊治、营养支持、排痰、预防并发症以及心理支持治疗。我们在文献回顾和专家研讨基础上,编写了《老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎防治要点》,以期有益于老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎的防治,减少新型冠状病毒对老年人群的危害。     

生长刺激表达基因2蛋白因子在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者心血管事件诊断及预后判断中的作用和应用前景

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情自武汉爆发以来,已在全国范围出现流行趋势。对危重症患者临床救治过程中发现,患有心血管疾病、糖尿病等基础疾病的老年患者死亡风险更高。同时发现多数危重症患者出现心肌损伤、心功能衰竭等心血管功能受损情况,临床迫切需要能够尽早识别心肌损伤的指标和方法,这对提高新型冠状病毒肺炎危重症患者的救治成功率至关重要。生长刺激表达基因2蛋白(ST2)是一种血浆蛋白,是白介素-33的配体,作为新型心力衰竭及心肌损伤标志物,依据其独特信号传导通路和病理生理机制,有望与脑利钠肽等指标联合应用,对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者心力衰竭及心肌损伤诊疗及预后提供参考依据。     

Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a current global healthcare burden, leading to the life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, evidence showed that, even if the prevalence of COVID-19 damage consists in pulmonary lesions and symptoms, it could also affect other organs, such as heart, liver, and spleen. Particularly, some infected patients refer to the emergency department for cardiovascular symptoms, and around 10% of COVID-19 victims had finally developed heart injury. Therefore, the use of echocardiography, according to the safety local protocols and ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, could be useful firstly to discriminate between primary cardiac disease or COVID-19–related myocardial damage, and then for assessing and monitoring COVID-19 cardiovascular complications: acute myocarditis and arrhythmias, acute heart failure, sepsis-induced myocardial impairment, and right ventricular failure derived from treatment with high-pressure mechanical ventilation. The present review aims to enlighten the applications of transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of myocardial damage in COVID-19 patients.     

常见慢性疾病与新型冠状病毒肺炎患者重症化风险的系统评价及荟萃分析

目的:探讨合并各种常见慢性疾病与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者重症化风险的相关性。方法:检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane等外文数据库,中国知网数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库等中文数据库,以及3个预印文本网站(medRxiv、SSRN和ChinaXiv)中2020年1月24日至3月5日发表的有关重症、非重症COVID-19患者合并慢性疾病的临床和流行病学研究。分析COVID-19患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病、高血压、恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、慢性肾脏病和慢性肝脏疾病的患病率,并计算重症患者、非重症患者常见慢性疾病患病率的比值比(odds ratio,OR)和95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)。采用R 3.6.3软件进行荟萃分析。结果:从2455篇相关文献中筛选纳入19篇文献,共计4792例患者进行分析。COVID-19患者中男性占55.0%(95%CI 40.0%~80.0%),合并慢性疾病的总体患病率为30.4%(95%CI 24.0%~37.0%)。其中最常见的是高血压[16.9%(95%CI 14.0%~20.0%)],其次是糖尿病[8.3%(95%CI 8.0%~9.0%)]。重症COVID-19患者中男性的比例高于非重症患者(64.4%比52.8%,OR=1.49,95%CI 1.08~2.05,Z=4.63,P<0.01)。重症患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、高血压、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤的患病率分别是非重症患者的5.77倍(95%CI 3.80~8.74)、4.47倍(95%CI 2.71~7.38)、3.55倍(95%CI 2.86~4.40)、3.05倍(95%CI 1.76~5.28)、2.82倍(95%CI 1.96~3.97)、2.39倍(95%CI 1.77~3.23)、2.15倍(95%CI 1.27~3.66),两组间差异均有统计学意义(Z=8.37、6.01、11.60、4.20、5.46、5.71、3.12,均P<0.01)。重症患者慢性肝脏疾病的患病率与非重症患者相比差异无统计学意义(OR=1.35,95%CI 0.84~2.17,P=0.11)。结论:伴有慢性疾病的COVID-19患者重症化风险较高,由高到低依次为慢性阻塞性肺疾病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病、慢性肾脏病、高血压、心血管疾病、恶性肿瘤。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎和心血管疾病关系的研究进展

当前,由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在全球蔓延。SARS-CoV-2主要通过血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)受体感染宿主细胞,在引起呼吸系统损伤的同时,也造成急性心肌损伤和慢性心血管疾病。COVID-19患者合并心血管疾病也十分常见,对患者的预后有显著...     

Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients,Health Care Workers,and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has significant implications for the cardiovascular care of patients. First, those with COVID-19 and pre-existing cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of severe disease and death. Second, infection has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Third, therapies under investigation for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular side effects. Fourth, the response to COVID-19 can compromise the rapid triage of non-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular conditions. Finally, the provision of cardiovascular care may place health care workers in a position of vulnerability as they become hosts or vectors of virus transmission. We hereby review the peer-reviewed and pre-print reports pertaining to cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 and highlight gaps in knowledge that require further study pertinent to patients, health care workers, and health systems.     

Management of acute coronary syndrome in the context of coronavirus disease 2019

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still developing worldwide. The prognosis of the disease will become worse and mortality will be even higher when it is combined with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, COVID-19 is highly infectious and requires strict isolation measures. For acute coronary syndromes (ACS), a common cardiovascular disease, infection may aggravate the occurrence and development of ACS, making the management of more difficult. It will be an enormous challenge for clinical practice to deal with ACS in this setting of COVID-19.Aim to reduce the mortality of ACS patients during the epidemic of COVID-19 by standardizing procedures as much as possible.Pubmed and other relevant databases were searched to retrieve articles on COVID-19 and articles on ACS management strategies during previous influenza epidemics. The data was described and synthesized to summarize the diagnosis and management strategy of ACS, the preparation of catheter laboratory, and the protection of the medical staff in the context of COVID-19. Ethical approval is not required in this study, because it is a review with no recourse to patient identifiable information.Standardized diagnosis and treatment advice can help reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients with ACS. In the absence of contraindications, the third generation of thrombolytic drugs should be the first choice for thrombolytic treatment in the isolation ward. For patients who have to receive PCI, this article provides detailed protective measures to avoid nosocomial infection.     

Cardiac Involvement of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. SARS-CoV-2 caused COVID-19 has reached a pandemic level. COVID-19 can significantly affect patients’ cardiovascular systems. First, those with COVID-19 and preexisting cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of severe disease and death. Mortality from COVID-19 is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Second, therapies under investigation for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular side effects of arrhythmia. Third, COVID-19 is associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications. Associated with a high inflammatory burden related to cytokine release, COVID-19 can induce vascular inflammation, acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, venous thromboembolism, metabolic syndrome and Kawasaki disease. Understanding the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system is essential for providing comprehensive medical care for cardiac and/or COVID-19 patients. We hereby review the literature on COVID-19 regarding cardiovascular virus involvement.     

COVID-19 Severity: Lung-Heart Interplay

In December 2019, a novel COVID-19 infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a global emergency. In a few months, the pathogen has infected millions of people in the world. Primarily SARS-CoV-2 infects the pulmonary system which ultimately leads to ARDS and lung failure. The majority of patients develop milder symptoms but the infection turns severe in a huge number of people, which ultimately results in enhanced mortality in COVID-19 patients. Co-morbid conditions, primarily cardiovascular complications and diabetes, have been reported to show a strong correlation with COVID-19 severity. Further, the onset of myocardial injury secondary to pulmonary damage has been observed in critically ill patients who have never reported heart-related ailments before. Due to drastic health risks associated with virus infection, the unprecedented disruption in normal business throughout the world has caused economic misery. Apparently, newer treatments are urgently needed to combat the virus particularly to reduce the severity burden. Therefore, understanding the crosstalk between lung and heart during COVID-19 might give us better clarity for early diagnosis followed by appropriate treatment in patients with the likelihood of developing severe symptoms. Accordingly, the present review highlights the potential mechanisms that may explain the crosstalk between lung and heart so that effective treatment/management strategies can be evolved swiftly in this direction.     

Heart,COVID-19, and echocardiography

Although clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) mainly consist of respiratory symptoms, a severe cardiovascular damage may occur. Moreover, previous studies reported a correlation of cardiovascular metabolic diseases with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and actually, many COVID-19 patients show comorbidities (systemic hypertension, cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes) and have a raised risk of death. The purpose of this review is to focus the cardiovascular effects of 2019-nCoV on the base of the most recent specific literature and previous learnings from SARS and MERS and analyze the potential role of echocardiography during the current critical period and short- and long-term follow-up.