芍药苷对脂多糖诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子分泌和ABCA1表达的影响

目的观察芍药苷(PF)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)表达的影响。方法用含PF(10-8、10-7、10-6、10-5、10-4mol/L)培养基预处理细胞0.5 h,再用含LPS(1mg/L)培养基共同培养细胞24 h。ELISA检测细胞培养液上清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白细胞介素8(IL-8)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平,Western blot检测细胞中ABCA1蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,LPS组细胞上清液中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的水平显著性升高(P0.05),ABCA1蛋白表达显著性下调(P0.05)。与LPS组比较,LPS+PF(10~(-6)、10~(-5)和10~(-4)mol/L)组上清液中IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的水平显著性降低(均P0.05),ABCA1蛋白表达显著性上调(P0.05),呈现浓度依赖性。结论芍药苷抑制LPS诱导的THP-1细胞炎症因子分泌和ABCA1表达下调。     

原花青素B2对LPS诱导的心肌细胞损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 探讨原花青素B₂(PCB₂)对LPS诱导的心肌细胞损伤的保护作用及机制。方法 正常培养心肌细胞H9c2,用LPS诱导H9c2细胞建立细胞损伤模型,分别用6.25、12.5、25.0 μmol/L的PCB₂处理模型细胞,25.0 μmol/L的PCB₂处理模型细胞后加入核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路抑制剂PDTC处理。采用MTT法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的水平;丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)试剂盒分别检测MDA含量和SOD、GSH-Px活性;Westem blot检测细胞中NF-κB、IκB-α蛋白表达。结果 LPS组细胞存活率较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),而PCB₂显著升高细胞存活率(P＜0.05)。LPS组细胞凋亡率较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05),而PCB₂显著降低LPS处理的细胞凋亡率(P＜0.05)。LPS组细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05),而PCB₂显著降低LPS处理细胞TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平(P＜0.05)。与对照组比较,LPS组细胞MDA含量显著升高,SOD、GSH-Px活性显著降低(P＜0.05);PCB₂显著降低LPS处理的细胞MDA含量,显著升高SOD、GSH-Px活性(P＜0.05)。与对照组比较,LPS组细胞NF-κB蛋白表达显著升高,IκB-α蛋白表达显著降低(P＜0.05);与LPS组比较,PCB₂显著降低细胞NF-κB蛋白表达,显著升高IκB-α蛋白表达(P＜0.05)。与LPS+PCB₂组相比,LPS+PCB₂₊PDTC能显著降低细胞凋亡率和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、MDA含量,显著升高SOD、GSH-Px活性。结论 PCB₂降低LPS诱导的心肌细胞凋亡率、炎症水平和氧化应激,提高细胞存活率,这可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路的活化有关。     

过表达Krüppel样因子9对脂多糖诱导的肺泡上皮细胞损伤的影响及机制

目的:探讨Krüppel样因子9(KLF9)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人肺泡上皮细胞A549增殖、凋亡和炎症的影响及机制。方法:A549细胞随机分为四组:NC组、LPS组、LPS+pcDNA-con组和LPS+pcDNA-KLF9组。qRT-PCR检测KLF9、IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-αmRNA的表达,MTT法检测细胞活力,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,Western blot检测KLF9、CyclinD1、Bax、Bcl-2、β-catenin和GSK-3β蛋白的表达。结果:与NC组相比,LPS组的细胞存活率显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著增加,KLF9、CyclinD1和Bcl-2蛋白的表达显著降低,Bax蛋白和炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达显著升高;与LPS+pcDNA-con组相比,LPS+pcDNA-KLF9组细胞存活率显著升高,细胞凋亡率显著降低,KLF9、CyclinD1和Bcl-2蛋白的表达显著升高,Bax蛋白和炎症因子IL-6、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达显著降低(P<0.05)。过表达KLF9可抑制LPS诱导的A549细胞中Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的激活。结论:过表达KLF9可减轻脂多糖诱导的肺泡上皮细胞损伤,这可能与抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路有关。     

左乙拉西坦对白细胞介素-1β诱导的PC12细胞损伤的抑制作用

目的探讨左乙拉西坦对白细胞介素(IL)-1β诱导的PC12细胞损伤的抑制作用。方法将PC12细胞随机分为正常对照组,IL-1β组(10 ng/ml IL-1β),左乙拉西坦低、中、高浓度组(10,30,100μmol/L左乙拉西坦+10 ng/ml IL-1β),并培养48 h。MTT法检测各组细胞活力,流式双染检测细胞凋亡,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-6含量,比色法检测一氧化氮(NO)含量,RT-PCR和Western印迹分别检测髓样分化蛋白88/核因子-κB(MyD88/NF-κB)信号通路相关蛋白mRNA及蛋白表达量。结果 10,30,100μmol/L左乙拉西坦能显著提高PC12细胞活力(P<0.01),3μmol/L左乙拉西坦显著对PC12细胞活力无影响,300μmol/L的左乙拉西坦降低PC12细胞活力(P<0.01)。与正常对照组比较,IL-1β组细胞活力显著降低(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率、TNF-α、IL-6及NO含量显著提高(P<0.01),MyD88及p-NF-κB p65表达量显著上调(P<0.01)。与IL-1β组比较,左乙拉西坦低、中、高浓度组细胞活力显著提高(P<0.01),细胞凋亡率、TNF-α、IL-6及NO含量显著降低(P<0.01),MyD88 mRNA、p-NF-κB p65蛋白及mRNA表达量显著下调(P<0.01),左乙拉西坦中、高浓度组MyD88蛋白表达量显著下调(P<0.01)。结论左乙拉西坦可能通过抑制MyD88/NF-κB信号通路抵抗IL-1β诱导的PC12细胞炎症反应。     

锌离子螯合剂对脂多糖诱导的小胶质细胞中细胞因子表达的影响

目的研究锌离子螯合剂四吡啶甲基乙二胺(TPEN)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小胶质细胞中细胞因子表达的影响及机制。方法体外培养小鼠小胶质瘤细胞系小胶质细胞后分为对照组、LPS组(100 ng/ml LPS,30 min或4h)、TPEN+LPS组(25μmol/L TPEN,1 h+LPS,30 min或4 h)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)抑制剂PD98059+LPS组(PD98059+LPS组,25μmol/L PD98059,30 min+LPS,4 h),采用实时定量PCR法分析细胞因子白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6、TNF-αmRNA的表达,Western blot法检测pERK1/2蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,LPS组pERK1/2蛋白表达和IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αmRNA表达明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与LPS组比较,TPEN+LPS组pERK1/2蛋白表达和IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-αmRNA表达明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),而PD98059+LPS组IL-1β、IL一6、TNF-αmRNA表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 TPEN可能通过减少pERK1/2表达来抑制LPS诱导的细胞因子的大量释放。     

咖啡酸苯乙酯对LPS诱导大鼠KC表达细胞因子的影响

目的 观察CAPE对LPS活化大鼠KC表达合成细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的影响.方法 经在体灌流消化大鼠肝脏分离KC细胞,培养于RPMI-1640培养基中,用LPS活化KC细胞,经CAPE处理后,用实时定量RT-PCR检测KC细胞中IL-6和TNF-α基因表达,用ELISA方法检测培养基中IL-6和TNF-α蛋白含量.结果 对于LPS诱导活化的KC细胞,CAPE剂量依赖地降低KC细胞中IL-6和TNF-α mRNA表达,分别在10 μmol/L和20 μmol/L时差异具有统计学意义,KC合成IL-6和TNF-α蛋白也显著降低.结论 CAPE具有降低LPS活化KC表达合成IL-6和TNF-α作用.     

维立西呱通过调控circ PRKCI表达对脂多糖致大鼠心肌细胞炎症反应和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨维立西呱对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠心肌细胞炎症反应和细胞凋亡的影响以及其对环状RNA PRKCI(circ PRKCI)表达的调控机制。方法 取大鼠心肌细胞H9C2,采用LPS诱导方式构建心肌细胞损伤模型;按随机数字表法分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+维立西呱-L组（1μmol/L）、LPS+维立西呱-M组（3μmol/L）、LPS+维立西呱-H组（10μmol/L）、LPS+空载体质粒（p c DNA）组、LPS+c irc PRKCI过表达载体（p c DNA-c irc PRKCI）组、LPS+维立西呱-H+阴性对照（s h-NC）组、LPS+维立西呱-H+circ PRKCI慢病毒短发夹RNA(sh-circ PRKCI)组。检测并比较各组H9C2细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)等炎症因子水平,细胞凋亡率和裂解的胱天蛋白酶（Cleaved Caspase）-3、Cleaved Ca s p a s e-9等凋亡相关蛋白表达水平,以及c irc PRKCI mRNA表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,LPS组TNF-α水平、IL-6水平、细胞凋亡率...     

隐丹参酮通过TLR4/NF-κB/JNK信号通路减轻脂多糖对肺泡上皮细胞炎性损伤的作用研究

目的 本研究旨在探讨隐丹参酮(CTS)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的肺泡上皮细胞(MLE-12)的影响。方法 通过CCK-8法检测细胞活力,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和实时荧光定量PCR(q-PCR)检测IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及基因表达水平,筛选出具有最佳造模效果的LPS浓度;之后通过CCK-8考察CTS对细胞的非毒性剂量范围;将试验分为对照组、LPS组和CTS+LPS组3个组,ELISA检测细胞上清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的含量,qPCR检测细胞内IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、Bax和Bcl-2基因表达水平,Western Blot检测Bax、Bcl-2、TLR4、p-p65和p-JNK蛋白水平。结果 与对照组相比,LPS浓度≥1.0μg/mL时细胞活力显著下降(P<0.01);2.0和5.0μg/mL LPS组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量及基因表达水平显著上升(P<0.05);CTS浓度为0～5.0μM时,细胞活力无显著变化(P>0.05),即药物的无毒范围。与LPS组相比,CTS+LPS组IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α含量及基...     

紫杉醇水蛭素支架涂层复合物对LPS诱导的HCASMC炎性活化过程中核转录因子NF-κ B p65及其下游炎症因子的调控作用

目的探讨支架涂层复合物紫杉醇水蛭素对脂多糖(LPS)诱导人冠状动脉平滑肌细胞(HCASMC)炎性活化过程中核转录因子NF-κ B p65及其下游炎症因子表达的影响。方法选用4~6代的HCASMC,将细胞分为空白对照组(正常HCASMC,未做任何处理)、LPS模型组(LPS干预)、紫杉醇水蛭素高浓度组(1μmol/L紫杉醇+0.2 mg/ml水蛭素+LPS干预)、紫杉醇水蛭素低浓度组(1μmol/L紫杉醇+0.0125 mg/ml水蛭素+LPS干预)。每组设置3个复孔。ELISA法检测细胞上清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)的表达水平,用Q-PCR法对各组细胞NF-κ B p65、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1βm RNA进行检测,用Western Blotting检测NF-κ B p65蛋白表达水平。结果与空白对照组比较,LPS模型组NF-κ B p65、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的m RNA表达水平明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);HCASMC经高、低浓度紫杉醇水蛭素复合物预处理,LPS刺激后,上述指标低于LPS模型组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。LPS模型组NF-κ B p65蛋白表达水平明显高于空白对照组,而紫杉醇水蛭素预处理组NF-κ B p65蛋白表达水平较LPS模型组明显降低,其中高浓度处理组降低更为显著。与空白对照组比较,LPS模型组TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6表达水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与LPS模型组比较,紫杉醇水蛭素低浓度与高浓度组TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。其中高浓度紫杉醇水蛭素干预后IL-1β表达下降较低浓度更为显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论紫杉醇水蛭素支架涂层复合物对LPS诱导的HCASMC炎性活化过程中NF-κ B p65的激活具有明显的抑制作用,有效下调核转录因子NF-κ B p65的转录活性,显著抑制下游炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的表达。     

金银花提取物对脂多糖致心肌细胞凋亡、氧化应激和炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨金银花提取物对脂多糖(LPS)致心肌细胞氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症反应的影响及分子机制。方法:将H9c2细胞分为对照(Con)组、LPS组、LPS+金银花低剂量组、LPS+金银花中剂量组、LPS+金银花高剂量组、LPS+pcDNA组、LPS+pcDNA-含山梨醇和SH3结构域连接蛋白2(SORBS2)组、LPS+金银花高剂量+si-NC组、LPS+金银花高剂量+si-SORBS2组。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;蛋白免疫印记(Western Blot)法检测蛋白表达;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平。结果:金银花提取物呈剂量效应降低LPS诱导的H9c2细胞凋亡率、MDA含量、LDH活性,升高SORBS2蛋白表达、SOD活性,降低TNF-α、IL-1、IL-6水平,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。过表达SORBS2与金银花提取物作用相同;敲除SORBS2逆转了金银花提取物对LPS致心肌细胞氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症反...     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.