导航电子显微镜下腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术治疗老年退行性椎管狭窄症疗效观察

目的比较导航电子显微镜下腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术与常规腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术治疗老年退行性椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2017-02诊治的120例老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症,64例采用导航电子显微镜下腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术治疗(观察组),56例采用常规腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术治疗(对照组),比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后6个月ODI指数。结果观察组出现1例轻度硬脊膜撕裂伴脑脊液漏,1例伤口感染;对照组出现3例硬脊膜撕裂伴脑脊液漏,2例切口感染,行对症治疗均治愈,无神经根损伤、融合失败、内固定物断裂、截瘫等并发症。观察组手术时间较对照组短,术中出血量较对照组少,术后引流量较对照组少,术后6个月ODI指数较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论导航电子显微镜下腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术治疗老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后功能恢复方面较常规腰椎后路椎管减压植骨融合术具有显著优势。     

老年患者胃癌根治术后急性肾损伤的危险因素

目的 分析老年患者胃癌根治术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集接受胃癌根治手术老年患者691例的临床资料,男563例,女128例,年龄≥65岁,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。临床资料包括性别、年龄、体重、BMI、ASA分级、吸烟及饮酒史、术前合并症、手术时间、术中用药情况、术中液体出入量、术中尿量、术后住院时间、总住院时间等。根据患者术后是否发生AKI分为两组：AKI组和非AKI组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析发生术后AKI的危险因素。结果 有16例(2.3%)患者发生术后AKI。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,合并冠心病(OR=5.587,95%CI 1.355～23.029,P=0.017)和术中尿量减少(OR=0.997,95%CI 0.995～1.000,P=0.023)是老年患者胃癌根治术后AKI的独立危险因素。结论 术前合并冠心病及术中尿量减少是老年胃癌根治术患者术后发生AKI的独立危险因素。     

腰椎椎间融合术后置入物后移的危险因素

目的探讨腰椎椎间融合术后置入物后移的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2011年10月—2016年12月接受后路腰椎椎间融合术(PLIF)或经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(TLIF)治疗的628例患者临床资料,以术后是否发生置入物后移将患者分为后移组(22例)和非后移组(606例)。记录所有患者术后发生置入物后移的潜在影响因素,包括性别、年龄、骨密度、手术时间、术中出血量、手术方式、融合节段、置入物类型、螺钉类型、术中是否加压、终板是否刮除、置入是否充分等,分析以上因素组间差异是否具有统计学意义,并对差异有统计学意义的因素采用logistic回归分析评价其与术后置入物后移的相关性。结果 628例患者中22例发生置入物后移,其中轻度后移12例、重度后移10例,后移发生率为3.5%。组间比较显示,螺钉类型、术中是否加压、终板是否完全刮除、置入是否充分4个方面差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示上述4个指标与术后置入物后移具有相关性。结论万向螺钉的应用、术中未加压、终板完全刮除及置入不充分是腰椎椎间融合术后出现置入物后移的危险因素,术中融合器的放置应尽量靠近椎体中央,对置入物后移合并神经功能受损者应尽早行翻修手术。     

老年患者腰椎术后急性肾损伤的危险因素及其预测模型

目的筛选老年患者腰椎术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素, 并建立评分预测模型。方法回顾性分析行腰椎手术的老年患者, 根据改善全球肾脏病预后组织指南中的诊断标准将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组。收集患者的人口学资料、基础疾病史、围术期一般状况及相关实验室检查, 将组间比较差异有统计学意义的因素纳入logistic回归模型, 筛选危险因素并建立加权评分回归预测模型, 绘制受试者工作特征曲线并对模型进行评价。结果术后87例患者(11.9%)发生AKI。logistic回归结果显示:年龄增加、高血压、贫血、低蛋白血症、糖尿病、术中低平均动脉压持续时间和输血是老年患者腰椎术后AKI的独立危险因素, 受试者工作特征曲线下面积及其95%置信区间为0.909(0.870～0.947), 灵敏度为79.36%, 特异度为92.74%, 约登指数为0.719。列线图预测模型经Hosmer-Lemshow检验, P=0.413, 可视化列线图模型C指数为0.908。结论年龄增加、高血压、低蛋白血症、糖尿病、贫血、术中低平均动脉压持续时间和输血是老年患者腰椎术后AKI的独立危险因素;由此建立的风险预测模型可有效...     

改良TLIF治疗退变性腰椎滑脱并椎管狭窄症

目的研究改良TLIF(经椎间孔椎间融合术)治疗退变性腰椎滑脱并椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法对退变性腰椎滑脱并椎管狭窄症56例采用腰椎椎体间植骨融合、并辅以相应节段椎弓根钉内固定术治疗。结果本组获随访12～18个月,改良TLIF临床优良率分别为94.6%,高于传统PLIF(后路椎间融合术)与TLIF术式。结论改良TLIF简化操作环节,相对扩大适应证,该入路安全、可行,减压彻底并有效降低硬膜囊及神经根损伤风险,是治疗退变性腰椎滑脱并椎管狭窄症有效的方法。     

类风湿关节炎合并腰椎退行性疾病患者腰椎椎间融合术后邻近节段退行性变的相关因素

目的探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)合并腰椎退行性疾病患者腰椎椎间融合术后发生邻近节段退行性变(ASD的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月—2016年12月收治的55例RA合并腰椎退行性疾病患者的临床资料,其中29例采用减压并椎间融合术(融合组)治疗,26例采用单纯减压术(非融合组)治疗。记录手术前后红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)等指标,采用28个关节疾病活动度评分联合CRP水平(DAS28-CRP)评估RA活动度;采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分评估患者神经功能;测量X线片上腰椎邻近节段头端椎间隙狭窄及椎体滑脱程度以评估ASD情况。运用多因素logistic回归分析检验术后继发ASD的危险因素。结果所有手术顺利完成,术后随访1.5～6.0年,平均3.2年。2组术后JOA评分较术前均明显改善,且融合组显著高于非融合组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。融合组手术翻修率、影像学ASD及症状性ASD发生率显著高于非融合组,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,DAS28-CRP评分 4.7分、术前血清MMP-3含量升高是术后继发ASD的独立危险因素。结论 RA合并腰椎退行性疾病患者采用腰椎减压并椎间融合术治疗后出现ASD和需行翻修手术的风险高于采用单纯减压术治疗的患者,术前血清MMP-3含量和DAS28-CRP评分升高可能与腰椎椎间融合术后ASD的发生相关。     

有限椎板切除减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症

退行性腰椎管狭窄症(LSS)的治疗一般采用传统的全椎板切除减压，切除范围较大，包括棘突、双侧椎板及部分关节突等，术后易引起脊柱不稳、硬膜外广泛瘢痕粘连继发医源性椎管狭窄等腰椎术后失败综合征。自1995年9月～2001年3月应用有限的椎板切除(保留棘突、棘上韧带、棘间韧带)椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症61例，其中9例同时行后路内固定植骨融合术，取得了满意效果。     

退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症的手术策略和方法

目的 :评估椎管成形术、椎板减压融合术、减压融合固定术治疗退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症。方法 :16例稳定性腰椎滑脱患者接受棘突截骨椎管成形术 ,15例不稳定性腰椎滑脱患者接受椎板减压加后外侧融合术 ,14例不稳定性腰椎滑脱患者接受椎板减压椎间融合经椎弓根内固定术。术后进行疗效评分和影像学观察。结果 :术后 1年功能改善率 :椎管成形术为 85 .7% ,减压融合术为 84.8% ,固定融合术为 86.2 % ,各组疗效无显著差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。术后 4年功能改善率 :椎管成形术为 84.9% ,减压融合术为 75 .6% ,固定融合术为 84.6% ,减压融合术疗效下降显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :椎管成形术治疗稳定性腰椎滑脱 ,术后近中期疗效与影像学评估满意。椎板减压后外侧融合术治疗不稳定性腰椎滑脱 ,腰椎假关节发生率较高和术后中期疗效明显下降。椎板减压椎间融合内固定治疗不稳定性腰椎滑脱 ,术后中期疗效无明显改变     

腰椎管狭窄症后路减压术后的腰椎不稳定及其对手术结果的影响

目的：进一步了解多种因素对腰椎管狭窄症后路减压术后腰椎不稳定发生的影响，掌握其发生、发展规律，为合理应用联合腰椎融合术的适应证提供依据。方法：采用ＣＯＸ统计学模型对９６例腰椎管狭窄症椎板切除减压术的长期随访资料进行了多变量因素分析。结果：（１）腰椎后路减压术可导致随访中、远期的腰椎不稳定；（２）手术后的腰椎不稳定是由多种因素所造成，其中包括术前腰椎不稳定、男性、年龄小于６０岁、全椎板切除术和未施行腰椎融合术。结论：作者认为术后腰椎不稳定可能是腰椎管狭窄症自然进展中的一个阶段，脊柱的前柱和中柱结构的破绽在不稳定的发生中较后柱结构破绽更具影响力。为了更合理地联用腰椎融合术作者提出计算融合指数作为施行融合术的依据。     

腰椎后路手术后发生椎管内血肿的危险因素分析

目的探讨腰椎疾病行腰椎后路手术术后椎管内血肿发生危险因素。方法回顾分析2007-05-2017-05收治的行腰椎后路手术者病例资料,选取术后椎管内血肿患者29例(血肿组),术后无并发症者68例(对照组)。统计各研究对象一般资料,腰椎疾病行腰椎后路手术术后椎管内血肿多因素Logistic回归分析。结果血肿组和对照组术前血清白蛋白、术前总蛋白、术前血小板、术前血钙水平、手术时间、术中出血量、术中异体输血以及术后总蛋白和术后血小板水平均存在统计学差异(P均0.05)。经Logistic回归分析:术前总蛋白减少、术前血钙降低、术中出血量1000ml、术后总蛋白减少是腰椎后路手术术后椎管内血肿的危险因素,P0.05。结论腰椎疾病患者在行腰椎后路手术术前应注意监测术前总蛋白、术前血钙、术中出血量及术后总蛋白等情况,防止术后椎管内血肿发生。     

多椎体结核内固定与非内固定疗效的比较

目的　探讨多椎体结核内固定与非内固定疗效的差异 ,比较二者的优缺点。方法　总结 1990年～ 2 0 0 1年采用脊柱前路病灶清除植骨术与同时用饶氏椎体钉、Ventrofix、Z -Plate钢板、USS等器械内固定治疗胸腰椎结核病人共 12 4例。其中非内固定 6 8例 ,内固定 5 6例。观察术后植骨融合、神经恢复、畸形纠正情况及治愈率。结果　经平均 2 5年的随访证实 ,内固定植骨融合速度快于非内固定组 ,有显著性差异 ;神经功能Frankel分级二组全部得到改善 ;畸形纠正内固定组后弓角较术前平均改进 2 9°、非内固定组平均改进 5°,有显著性差异。内固定组治愈率为 10 0 % ,非内固定组治愈率为 87% ,有显著性差异。结论　脊柱结核内固定可早期重建脊柱稳定性并加速植骨融合 ;有明显改善畸形的作用 ;减少结核复发 ,在治疗多椎体结核中有重要意义     

Roentgenographic and biomechanical analysis of lumbar fusions: a canine model

An animal model of anterior and posterior column instability was developed to allow in vivo observation of bone remodeling and arthrodesis after spinal instrumentation. Various combinations of spinal fusions and instrumentation procedures were performed after an initial anterior and posterior destabilizing lesion was created at the L5-L6 vertebral levels in 35 adult beagles. After 6 months of postoperative observation, there was improved probability of achieving a spinal fusion if spinal instrumentation had been used. All biomechanical testing was performed after removal of instrumentation to test the inherent stiffnesses and quality of the spinal fusions. The fusions performed in conjunction with instrumentation (group V = Harrington instrumentation and posterolateral fusion; group VI = Luque instrumentation and posterolateral fusion) demonstrated the greatest axial rotation stiffnesses (group V, p less than .05); axial compressive stiffness (group V, p less than .05); and flexural stiffness (group VI, p less than .05). The results show that a spinal fusion can be more reliably achieved and will be more rigid if it is accompanied by spinal instrumentation.     

Comparison of sprotte and Quincke needles with respect to spinal fluid leakage using artificial spinal cord

Purpose This research investigated whether the Sprotte needle causes less leakage of CSF than the Quincke needle in the artificial spinal cord. Methods The changes in intradural pressure, extradural pressure, and leaked volume of CSF were evaluated following puncture with Sprotte and Quincke needles in the artificial spinal cord. Results The decrease in intradural pressure was 9.7±1.8 mm H₂O with the Sprotte needle and 20.5±2.7 mm H₂O with the Quincke needle (P<0.05). The volume of leakage of artificial CSF was 2.0±0.3 ml with the Sprotte needle and 3.3 ±0.3 ml with the Quincke needle (P<0.01). The extradural pressure increase was 166.1±8.2 mm H₂O with the Sprotte needle and 186.8±13.2 mm H₂O with the Quincke needle (P<0.05). Conclusion The Sprotte needle produces less CSF leakage than the Quincke needle.     

A thoracic and lumbar spine injury severity classification based on neurologic function grade, spinal canal deformity, and spinal biomechanical stability

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Current well regarded thoracic and lumbar spine injury classifications use mechanistic and anatomical categories, which do not directly rely on quantifiable management parameters. Their clinical usefulness is not optimal. PURPOSE: Formulate an injury severity based classification. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This retrospective investigation studied patients who suffered thoracic and lumbar spine injuries, and examined the following three quantifiable parameters: 1) neurologic function grade; 2) spinal canal deformity; 3) biomechanical stability. These parameters are the primary clinical indications for management decisions. PATIENT SAMPLE: One hundred twenty-six consecutive patients with spinal trauma admitted to a level 1 tertiary trauma center from January 1997 to November 2005 were enrolled in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Spine injury severity was independently scored on three parameters: 1) neurologic function impairment grade according to the modified Frankel grading method and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) function scale; 2) spinal canal deformity from translation and intrusion, measured as percent canal cross-sectional area compromise; 3) failure of five possible biomechanical functions in Denis's three anatomic columns, and a sixth group of unstable deformities. All three columns contribute to tensile function. Only the anterior and middle columns provide compression load-bearing function. A combination of three or more column biomechanical function failure or an unstable deformity renders the injury unstable. METHODS: Five fellowship-trained spine surgeons from one institution took part in the study. Hospital medical records, including admission history and physical examination, discharge summary, and operative report (if surgery was performed), were examined for neurologic deficit. Plain radiographs, computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed for canal compromise and biomechanical function status. RESULTS: Injuries were located from T3 to L5, 58% of which were at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Neurologic impairment occurred in 45% (57/126) of patients, with 19 complete paraplegias (Frankel grade A). The average spinal canal cross-sectional area compromise was 56.1% in neurologically impaired and 14.2% for patients who where neurologically intact. The number of tensile element failure patients in neurologically impaired versus intact are as follow: tri-columns 22/4; two columns 16/8; one column 11/17; all columns intact 8/40. Load-bearing element failed in 55/57 neurologically impaired and 63/69 intact patients. Sixty-seven patients had spinal reconstructive surgery. Their average instability profile score was 4.4 out of 6, and canal compromise score was 3.3 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: A clinically useful thoracic and lumbar spine injury classification should be based on parameters that are the primary indications for management decisions. The same parameters should be injury severity quantifiable as to guide treatment. In this study we introduced spinal canal deformity and column biomechanical functions as quantifiable parameters in thoracic and lumbar injury severity classification. Validation of this method is beyond the scope of this preliminary study.     

Extradural spinal meningioma: case report

Objectives

We report a case of purely extradural spinal meningioma and discuss the potential pitfalls in differential diagnosis.

Background

Spinal meningiomas account for 20–30% of all spinal neoplasms. Epidural meningiomas are infrequent intraspinal tumors that can be easily confused with malignant neoplasms or spinal schwannomas.

Case

A 62-year-old man with a previous history of malignant disease presented with back pain and weakness of the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-enhanced T4 intraspinal lesion. The intraoperative histological examination showed a meningioma (confirmed by postoperative examination). Opening the dura mater confirmed the purely epidural location of the lesion. The postoperative course was uneventful with no recurrence 12 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Purely extradural spinal meningiomas can mimic metastatic tumors or schwannomas. Intraoperative histology is mandatory for optimal surgical decision making.     

Surgical decompression: a life-saving procedure for an extensive spinal epidural abscess

Extensive spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) carry a high mortality rate. Traditionally they are treated non-operatively with longterm antibiotics and/or surgical decompression, but there is a continuing debate as to whether they should be managed by emergency surgical decompression. However, such decisions are made in the light of the clinical setting. We report the successful management of a female patient who presented with features of upper cervical cord compression and later developed septic shock and multisystem failure. Surgical decompression of the cervical spine and irrigation of the epidural space with a paediatric catheter was performed followed by tricortical strut grafting and plating. At review, 36 weeks after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic, having made full neurological recovery. The purpose of this report is to highlight the importance of emergency surgical intervention for extensive SEA in the presence of progressive neurological loss associated with multisystem failure.     

扩大半椎板切除术治疗颈脊髓损伤

OBJECTIVE: To treat cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) accompanied with narrowing spinal canal by expanded hemilaminectomy. METHODS: From 1995 January to 1998 April 51 patients of cervical SCI were treated by expanded hemilaminectomy. Spinal injury classified in to 3 types: no fracture-dislocation (39 patients) fracture dislocation at the lower cervical spine (11), and burst fracture (1). The types of SCI included central cord injury (18 patients) incomplete cord injury (19), and complete cord injury (14). MR imaging in 23 patients showed degenerative changes with normal intensity of the cord in 14 patients, multiple level hyperintensity in 3, cystic changes in 3, myelomalasia in 3, and cord brocken in 1. Expanded hemilaminectomy was performed in 24 hours in 3 patients, in 48 hours in 9, in one week in 2, after one week in 35, and after one year in 2. The left or right laminae were removed from C(7) to C(3) in 42 patients, C(3) - T(1) in 3, C(2) - C(7) in 2, C(3) - C(6) in 3 and C(4) - C(7) in 3. Hemilaminectomy was expanded lateral to the inner of apophyseal joint and medial to the inner lamina beneath the spinal process. RESULTS: Follow-up lasted for 1 year and 7 months. Six patients with complete cord injury had of the no recovery lower extremity but recovery of the brachialis and extensor radial longus. 12 patients of central cord injury had full recovery except intrinsic muscles of the hand (5). They operated were on 2 weeks after injury. 17 patients of incomplete cord injury recovered to Frankel IV. CONCLUSIONS: Expanded hemilaminectomy is indicated for patients of cervical SCI with narrowing spinal canal or without fracture dislocation. Best results can be obtained in patients of central cord injury, and incomplete cord injury. Even in complete cord injury, 1 - 2 forearm muscle may recover (24.8%), securing a pinch grip reconstruction.     

胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗进展

脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的治疗，一直是脊柱外科关注的课题，随着对神经损伤的病理生理研究深入和手术方法的改进，对其治疗方法和观点也有了进一步的发展。本文就胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗方面的进展进行综述。     

胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎切除术后的重建方式

目的:探讨胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎切除术后脊柱稳定性的重建方式。方法:1993￣2003年我院治疗各类胸腰椎(T5￣L5)肿瘤患者72例,其中全脊椎切除、随访2年以上、没有肿瘤复发和转移且有完整影像学资料者12例,骨巨细胞瘤9例,单发浆细胞性骨髓瘤2例,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤1例。一期前后路联合全脊椎切除11例,次全脊椎切除1例,以5种不同方式重建,分别为前路内固定加后路短节段经椎弓根内固定(ASP)5例、前路内固定加后路多节段Luque环内固定(AMP)4例、单纯后路短节段经椎弓根内固定(SP)1例、单纯后路多节段经椎弓根内固定(MP)1例、单纯前路内固定(A)1例。观察术前、术后即刻及末次随访时矢状面Cobb角度变化、植骨融合情况、有无植骨骨折及下沉等并发症。结果:随访2.5￣13年,平均6.6年。ASP方式重建的5例患者矢状面Cobb角丢失0°～7°,平均2.4°,植骨全部融合,无植骨骨折,1例因术中损伤终板而出现人工椎体轻度下沉。AMP方式重建的4例患者矢状面Cobb角丢失0°～9°,平均5°,植骨全部融合,无植骨骨折或下沉;其中1例术后1.5年植骨融合后取出后方固定,仅保留前方固定,出现植骨骨折及后凸畸形。SP或MP方式重建的2例患者矢状面Cobb角分别丢失12°和13°,植骨块均骨折。次全脊椎切除A方式重建的1例患者矢状面Cobb角无丢失,植骨融合且无植骨骨折及下沉。结论:本组病例较少,但初步可以看出ASP和AMP是全脊椎切除后坚强的重建方式,能够使植骨顺利融合,防止Cobb角度丢失。但ASP能够减少固定节段、保留运动单元,是更好的固定方式。SP和A不宜单独应用于全脊椎切除后稳定性重建。     

Spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas: is the role of dural arteriovenous malformations underestimated?

Two recent observations of spinal epidural hematomas (SEH) are presented: one of them was associated with iatrogenic coagulopathy, the other, apparently spontaneous, required reoperation for early recurrence and was finally attributed to ruptured epidural arteriovenous malformation missed during the first procedure. Both patients underwent complete recovery. Although modern neuroimaging provides quick, noninvasive, and sensitive assessment of spinal epidural bleeding, we believe that preoperative spinal angiography is indicated in spontaneous SEH with subacute clinical course. Demonstration of underlying vascular anomaly would allow better surgical planning, complete obliteration of abnormal vessels, and prevention of recurrences. Essential epidemiological, pathogenetical, and clinical aspects of SEH are reviewed.