过表达miR-150通过PI3K/AKT信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的探讨过表达miR-150通过磷脂酰肌醇-3-羟激酶/丝苏氨酸蛋白激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxykinase/seronine kinase,PI3K/AKT)信号通路调控结直肠癌细胞凋亡的机制。方法将体外培养HT-29细胞分为空白对照组(转染空脂质体) NC组(转染mimic)和miR-150(转染miR-150 mimic);采用RT-PCR检测转染后细胞中miR-150 mRNA水平; CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡; WB法检测Cleaved caspase3、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白表达。将对数生长期HT-29分为阴性对照组、miR-150组、LY294002组和LY294002+miR-150组,采用PI3K抑制剂验证LY294002在HT-29细胞凋亡中的作用。结果与空白对照组和NC组相比,miR-150组细胞中miR-150 mRNA水平明显升高(P 0. 05),24 h、48 h、72 h和96h的细胞抑制率明显升高(P 0. 05),细胞凋亡率明显升高(P 0. 05),Bcl-2/Bax、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-Akt/Akt蛋白的表达明显降低(P 0. 05),cleaved Caspase-3蛋白的表达明显升高(P 0. 05);与阴性对照组相比,miR-150组和LY294002组p-Akt/Akt和Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达均明显降低(P 0. 05),cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达明显升高(P 0. 05);与miR-150组相比,LY294002+miR-150组p-Akt/Akt和Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达均明显升高(P 0. 05),cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达明显降低(P 0. 05)。结论 miR-150过表达可能通过负调控PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制人结直肠癌细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡。     

广藿香酮对脑卒中大鼠的影响及其作用机制

背景广藿香酮(POG)具有抗癌、抗炎、抗菌等多重药理作用,但目前关于其治疗脑卒中的研究报道较少。目的探讨POG对脑卒中大鼠的影响及其作用机制。方法本实验于2018年12月-2019年4月完成。选取7~8周龄SPF级雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠36只,随机分为空白对照组(未经模型诱导,n=6)、对照组(建模后未经治疗,n=6)、低剂量组(建模24 h后给予POG 5 mg/kg,n=6)、中剂量组(建模24 h后给予POG 15 mg/kg,n=6)、高剂量组(建模24 h后给予POG 45 mg/kg,n=6)和LY294002组(建模24 h后给予0.1%~0.3%二甲亚砜溶解浓度为0.1%,n=6)。比较六组大鼠磷酸化PI3K(p-PI3K)、磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)、磷酸化内皮型一氧化氮合酶(p-eNOS)蛋白相对表达量,血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、B细胞淋巴瘤2 (Bcl-2)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)蛋白及mRNA相对表达量,大脑皮质和外周血中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果 (1)高剂量组大鼠p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-eNOS蛋白相对表达量低于对照组,p-AKT和p-eNOS蛋白相对表达量高于LY294002组(P<0.05)。(2)高剂量组大鼠Bcl-2蛋白相对表达量高于对照组,Bax、VEGF蛋白相对表达量低于对照组(P<0.05);高剂量组大鼠Bcl-2、VEGF mRNA相对表达量高于对照组,Bax mRNA相对表达量低于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)高剂量组大鼠大脑皮质和外周血NO、SOD水平高于对照组,大脑皮质和外周血MDA水平低于对照组(P<0.05);高剂量组大鼠大脑皮质和外周血MDA水平高于LY294002组,大脑皮质和外周血SOD水平低于LY294002组(P<0.05)。结论 POG可通过抑制PI3K/AKT-eNOS信号通路及脂质过氧化而减轻脑卒中大鼠脑组织损伤,且无剂量依赖性。     

丹参酮ⅡA通过调节PI3K/AKT通路对异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚及纤维化的影响

目的 研究丹参酮ⅡA对异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚及纤维化的影响及对磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B(AKT)通路的调节作用。方法 72只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、丹参酮ⅡA低、中、高剂量组及PI3K抑制剂组,共六组,每组各12只。按照5 mg/kg的剂量皮下注射异丙肾上腺素建立心肌肥厚大鼠模型。丹参酮ⅡA低、中、高剂量组分别腹腔注射给予大鼠17.5 mg/kg、35mg/kg、70 mg/kg的丹参酮ⅡA,PI3K抑制剂组尾静脉注射给予大鼠0.3 mg/kg的LY294002,1/d,连续给药28 d。生物机能实验系统测定大鼠左心室收缩压（LVSP）、左心室舒张末期压力（LVEDP）及左心室内压最大变化速率（±dp/dtmax）。计算大鼠心脏质量及心脏指数,酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测大鼠心肌组织Ⅰ型及Ⅲ型胶原蛋白水平,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色和Masson染色对大鼠心肌组织进行病理学检查。免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测大鼠心肌组织PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT蛋白水平。结果 与空白对照组比较,模型组大鼠LVEDP、心脏质量、心脏指数、Ⅰ...     

Matrine inhibits bladder cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway:An experimental study

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of matrine on bladder cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods:Human T24 bladder cancer cell lines were cultured and treated with different doses of matrine(0.25 mg/mL,0.5 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL) as well as 20 μmol/L PI3K inhibitor LY294002 for 24 h,and the cell proliferation activity,the number of invasive cells as well as the expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT,proliferation genes and invasion genes were determined. Results:Different doses of matrine could decrease the cell viability value,the number of invasive cells as well as the expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT,MMP2 and MMP9,and increase the expression of p16,p21 and p27 in dose-dependent manner; p16,p21 and p27 expression in cells of 20 μmol/L LY29002 group were significantly higher than those of 0 μmol/L LY29002 group while MMP2 and MMP9 expression were significantly lower than those of 0 μmol/L LY29002 group(P0.05). Conclusions:Matrine can inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and regulate the expression of cell cycle-inhibiting molecules and invasion-related genes through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.     

通过沉默GOLPH3抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路调节食管癌氧化应激与细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的 分析GOLPH3对食管癌氧化应激与细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 利用qRT-PCR和Western blotting实验分析食管癌组织和癌旁组织中GOLPH3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平，培养EC9706细胞，将GOLPH3 siRNA与siRNA NC、pcDNA-GOLPH3与pcDNA-3.1(+)分别转染细胞，利用丙二醛试剂盒测定MDA含量，超氧化物歧化酶试剂盒测定SOD活力，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶试剂盒测定GSH-Px活力，过氧化氢酶试剂盒测定CAT活力，Western blotting实验分析EC9706细胞内Bax、Bcl-2、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白表达，流式细胞仪分析EC9706细胞凋亡率。PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制剂LY294002作用EC9706细胞后，分析细胞氧化应激、细胞活力与细胞凋亡率。结果 食管癌组织中GOLPH3基因与蛋白表达显著上调(P<0.01)。GOLPH3表达下调后，EC9706细胞活力、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活力、p-PI3K/PI3K比值、p-AKT/AKT比值与Bcl-2表达显著下调，细胞凋亡率、MDA...     

补阳还五汤对脑损伤大鼠脑组织凋亡信号通路的影响

目的探究补阳还五汤对脑出血大鼠脑组织PI3K/AKT信号转导通路的影响及可能机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤组、银杏叶片组,其中模型组、补阳还五汤组、银杏叶片组采用Rosenberg法复制脑出血大鼠模型。免疫组化法检测PI3K、AKT、Bcl-2、BAX蛋白的表达,TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡变化,干湿重法检测脑组织水含量,甲酰胺法检测血脑屏障(BBB)通透性。结果与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组、银杏叶片组PI3K、AKT蛋白表达、Bcl-2/BAX值均显著增高(P0.05),脑组织含水量、伊文思蓝含量、细胞凋亡数量显著降低(P0.05)。结论补阳还五汤对脑出血的保护作用机制可能是其不但降低了BBB通透性,而且激活了PI3K/AKT信号通路,介导Bcl-2、BAX蛋白表达变化,调节二者之间的比值。     

姜黄素对脑缺血大鼠脑组织PI3K/AKT信号通路的影响

目的探究姜黄素对脑缺血大鼠脑组织PI3K/Akt信号转导通路的影响及机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、低剂量姜黄素组、高剂量姜黄素组,每组大鼠18只。其中模型组、低、高剂量姜黄素慢性脑缺血大鼠模型的制备采用将大鼠两侧颈动脉结扎的方法进行,假手术组和模型组分别灌胃给予生理盐水。免疫组化法检测PI3K、AKT、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达,干湿重法检测脑组织水含量,甲酰胺法检测血脑屏障通透性。结果同模型组比较,姜黄素组PI3K、AKT、Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显增高(P<0.05),脑组织含水量、Bax蛋白表达及伊文思蓝含量显著降低(P<0.05),高剂量姜黄素组效果优于低剂量姜黄素组。结论姜黄素对缺血性脑损伤的保护作用可能是其在降低血脑屏障通透性之后,激活了PI3K/AKT信号转导通路,介导Bcl-2蛋白表达增加,Bax蛋白表达降低,通过调节二者比值实现,姜黄素的脑保护效果与剂量相关。     

芒果苷对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠氧化应激反应及神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究芒果苷通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR途径对缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠的氧化应激反应及神经细胞凋亡的影响。方法将144只SD新生大鼠按随机原则分为6组,空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、芒果苷低剂量组、芒果苷中剂量组和芒果苷高剂量组,每组24只。除空白对照组外其他各组复制缺氧缺血性脑损伤大鼠模型,造模后空白对照组和模型组给予等体积的生理盐水,阳性对照组给予尼莫地平[0.4 mg/(kg·d)],芒果苷低、中、高剂量组分别给予芒果苷50、100、200 mg/(kg·d),连续给药4周。检测各组大鼠神经功能损伤评分;干湿重法检测各组大鼠脑组织含水量;HE染色观察大鼠脑组织的病理形态学改变;原位细胞凋亡检测(TUNEL)大鼠脑组织神经元凋亡情况;生化检测法测定脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活力;采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)测定大鼠脑组织内PI3K/Akt/mTOR mRNA表达;运用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测脑组织中Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、Bad、Bax蛋白含量。结果模型组大鼠的神经损伤评分、脑组织含水量、神经细胞凋亡数、MDA含量、PI3K表达及Caspase-3含量显著高于空白对照组,完整的神经元数量及脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC含量、Akt、mTOR表达及Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、Bad含量显著低于空白对照组(P0.01);各药物组大鼠的神经损伤评分、脑组织含水量、神经细胞凋亡数、MDA含量、PI3K表达及Caspase-3含量显著低于模型组,完整的神经元数量及脑组织中SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC含量、Akt、mTOR表达及Bcl-2、Bcl-xL、Bad含量显著高于模型组(P0.01)。结论芒果苷通过下调Caspase-3的表达、上调Bcl-2和Bcl-xL的表达,增强PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路的表达来增强神经保护作用,抑制神经细胞凋亡,提高神经细胞存活率。     

补阳还五汤提取物灌胃对脑出血大鼠脑组织中PI3K、AKT、Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 观察补阳还五汤提取物对脑出血大鼠脑组织磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)表达的影响,探讨其对脑组织的保护作用机制。方法 将72只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤组、银杏叶片组各18只,后4组采用Rosenberg法建立脑出血大鼠模型后,分别给予生理盐水、补阳还五汤提取物、银杏叶片连续灌胃35 d。用免疫组化法检测PI3K、AKT、Caspase-3蛋白表达,TUNEL法检测脑组织细胞凋亡情况,干湿重法检测脑组织含水量,甲酰胺法检测血-脑脊液屏障通透性。结果 与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组、银杏叶片组PI3K、AKT蛋白表达水平升高,Caspase-3蛋白表达水平降低,脑组织含水量、凋亡细胞数减少,血-脑脊液屏障通透性降低(P均<0.05)。结论 补阳还五汤提取物可能通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路,降低血-脑脊液屏障通透性来保护脑出血大鼠脑组织。     

PI3K/AKT/GSK3-b信号转导通路在红景天苷保护大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用机制

目的研究磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶/糖原合酶激酶-3b(PI3K/AKT/GSK3-b)信号传导通路在红景天苷保护大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用机制。方法健康雄性清洁级SD大鼠,结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支,复制心肌缺血再灌注损伤(I/R)模型,随机分为6组:假手术组(Sham)、心肌缺血-再灌注模型组(I/R)、红景天苷预防组(红景天苷+缺血再灌注,S+I/R)、红景天苷治疗组(缺血再灌注+红景天苷,I/R+S)、红景天苷预防组+P13 K特异性抑制剂LY294002组(S+I/R+LY组)、红景天苷治疗组+P13K特异性抑制剂LY294002组(I/R+S+LY组),每组6只。采用免疫细胞化学法检测细胞内丝氨酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)、AKT磷酸化(p-AKT)、糖原合酶激酶(GSK3-b)、GSK3-b磷酸化(p-GSK3-b)的表达,Western Blot检测细胞内p-AKT、p-GSK3-b蛋白表达。结果免疫细胞化学法和Western Blot结果显示:与I/R组相比,红景天苷预防组、治疗组大鼠心肌组织中AKT、GSK3-b的磷酸化激活程度显著升高(P0.05),红景天苷预防组和治疗组组间AKT、GSK3-b磷酸化状态比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),此变化被PI3K特异性抑制剂LY294002部分阻断(P0.05);I/R组与Sham组相比,AKT、GSK3-b磷酸化蛋白表达略增加,两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论红景天苷对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌注损伤具有显著的保护作用,推测其可能机制主要与激活PI3K/AKT/GSK3-b信号通路等因素有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.