过敏性紫癜合并急性胰腺炎23例临床分析

目的总结过敏性紫癜(过敏性紫癜)合并急性胰腺炎(急性胰腺炎)的临床特征,提高临床认识,减少误诊,改善预后。方法回顾性分析23例诊断为过敏性紫癜合并急性胰腺炎患儿的临床资料。分析临床特征,实验室检查结果,影像学表现,治疗和总体预后。结果所有患儿均有腹部表现,包括明显腹痛20例,呕吐18例,腹胀12例,13例柏油样粪便。虽然所有患儿都有典型的皮肤紫癜,但8例患儿在临床上表现为急性腹痛为首发症状。所有患儿血液中血清淀粉酶,血清脂肪酶,尿淀粉酶水平增高。并且腹部超声检查发现14例胰腺肿胀。胃镜检查阳性率100%。糖皮质激素治疗可有效缓解腹痛症状。所有患儿均预后良好。出院后6~12个月未出现任何腹部并发症。结论在过敏性紫癜儿童中急性胰腺炎发病率低,与过敏性紫癜的腹部表现在临床上无特异性。因此,在过敏性紫癜患儿有严重的腹痛时,应评估血清淀粉酶水平确诊急性胰腺炎。早期诊断过敏性紫癜伴急性胰腺炎,并及时治疗有助于改善预后。     

儿童过敏性紫癜185例回顾性分析

目的回顾性分析185例儿童过敏性紫癜患儿的诊疗情况,探讨疾病的致病因素、临床症状特点以及治疗干预方法。方法选取我院2017年10月至2019年2月期间收治的185例儿童过敏性紫癜患儿作为研究对象,经过临床症状观察、实验室检查及影像学检查后确诊疾病,对症采取治疗方法。结果在185例儿童过敏性紫癜患儿中,分析其致病原因,病菌感染、食物致敏、以及无确切病因分别占比49.19%、18.92%、10.27%以及21.62%。经过治疗后,治疗有效率为97.84%,并发症发生率为2.70%,复发率为3.78%,患儿家长的满意度为95.14%。结论病菌感染、食物致敏是诱发儿童过敏性紫癜的主要病因,对症实施治疗,可以有效改善患儿的临床症状。     

小儿过敏性紫癜48例临床分析

目的：探讨小儿过敏性紫癜（HSP）的临床特征和治疗效果。方法选择曾在本院门诊和住院治疗的48例过敏性紫癜患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析,从48例患儿的起病病因、临床症状、肾损害相关因素及预后等方面进行分析。结果发病年龄在6～13岁有34例,发病时间多在9月～次年3月份。主要诱因为感染29例,占60.42%。皮肤紫癜是主要临床表现,可同时伴有胃肠道、关节及肾脏损害症状。结论过敏性紫癜首发症状以皮肤紫癜为主,少数病例以腹痛、关节痛为首发症状。皮肤紫癜出现在其他症状之后者易引起临床误诊。紫癜性肾炎是影响儿童过敏性紫癜预后的关键。     

过敏性紫癜应用维生素C与西米替丁联合治疗的临床应用分析

目的 分析过敏性紫癜应用维生素C与西米替丁联合治疗的临床效果.方法 取我院在2014年1月至2015年1月期间收治的100例过敏性紫癜患儿,依据治疗方法的不同随机分为研究组与对照组,各50例,对照组患儿采用西米替丁进行治疗;研究组患儿给予维生素C与西米替丁联合进行治疗,分析两组患儿的临床疗效及各项指标变化情况.结果 研究组与对照组患儿的临床治疗有效率分别为94.0%、78.0%,两组间比较差异显著(P<0.05);研究组的紫癜消退时间、腹部疼痛缓解时间、住院时间与关节疼痛、肿胀缓解时间均明显对于低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 对于过敏性紫癜,使用维生素C联合西米替丁进行治疗,可改善患儿临床疗效,缓解其临床症状.     

40例儿童紫癜肾临床资料分析

目的 探讨影响过敏性紫癜肾损害的危险因素.方法 2013年1月-2016年6月收住安徽省立医院的过敏性紫癜肾患儿40例,以同期收住病房的56例过敏性紫癜患儿不合并肾损害的为对照组,进行肾损害的单因素分析及Logistic多元回归分析.结果 过敏性紫癜患儿出现肾损害时距离第一次出现皮肤紫癜平均(4.46±1.28)周,首发表现以单纯血尿患儿最多,为15例(37.5%);过敏性紫癜肾患儿的平均血小板体积、嗜酸粒细胞绝对值、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与无肾损害患儿相比明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且皮疹反复发生>2周的患儿肾损害的发生率高于无肾损害患儿.结论 平均血小板体积增大、嗜酸粒细胞增多、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值增加,皮疹反复发生>2周是过敏性紫癜肾损害发生的危险因素,提示临床医生应高度重视,对具有上述危险因素的过敏性紫癜患儿需密切监测尿常规、尿微量白蛋白、胱抑素C水平,及早发现肾损害,制定相应治疗方案,提高患儿远期预后.     

185例高原地区儿童过敏性紫癜的观察及护理

目的探讨高原地区儿童过敏性紫癜的临床护理特点。方法对我院2011年1月-2013年9月收治的185例儿童过敏性紫癜患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果185例过敏性紫癜患儿经过积极治疗和护理后,183例痊愈,2例好转,2例复发。结论对高原地区儿童过敏性紫癜患儿进行积极有效的心理、饮食等护理有利于提高临床治疗效果。     

儿童过敏性紫癜21例护理体会及分析

目的探讨总结儿童过敏性紫癜护理方法及体会。方法总结了2014年1月至2014年12月本院收治的21例儿童过敏性紫癜的临床表现及护理方法。结果 21例患儿经科学治疗及护理,其中17例痊愈,4例好转,患儿均无并发症发生。结论通过护理人员严密的病情观察,针对不同症状的患儿给予个性化、细心的护理,可提高临床治愈率,促进患儿早日康复。     

小儿复发及慢性过敏性紫癜的临床特点及预后分析

目的分析儿童复发及慢性过敏性紫癜的临床特点,探讨影响预后因素。方法采用回顾性分析方法,对我院2012年6月至2013年10月收治的100例复发及过敏性紫癜患儿的临床资料进行分析,将100例患儿随机分为复发及慢性过敏性紫癜组和常规对照组,对两组患儿的临床特点及预后影响因素进行比较分析。结果两组患儿在肾炎、持续性皮炎、严重腹痛等方面的发生率有明显的差异性(P<0.05),但是在消化道出血,关节疼痛等方面比较差异不明显(P>0.05),无统计学意义;同时两组患儿肾炎分析类型和预后比较也没有明显的差异(P>0.05)。结论小儿过敏性紫癜初期有持续性皮疹症状,然后会有关节痛、腹痛现象出现,而且很有可能转化为慢性过敏性紫癜。在治疗时,建议进行肾活检、腹腔镜检查,以便确认病变部位的严重等级,进而指导治疗。     

儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎中医辨证特点分析

目的探讨儿童过敏性紫癜肾炎的中医辨证特点,使其临床辨证治疗更加合理化。方法收集2019年1月~2019年7月在某院接受治疗的106例过敏性紫癜肾炎患儿相关资料,根据中医辨证分型,分为风热伤络型、血热妄行型、气不摄血型、湿热瘀阻型、阴虚火旺型,根据不同的中医辨证分型进行辨证施治。结果过敏性紫癜肾炎患儿共106例,其中男55例,占51.89%,女51例,占48.11%,年龄为3~16岁,平均为(9.98±3.12)岁。在106例患儿中,中医辨证分型为风热伤络型的为13例,占12.26%;血热妄行型最多为72例,占67.92%;气不摄血型最少为5例,占4.72%;湿热瘀阻型为9例,占8.49%;阴虚火旺型为7例,占6.60%。分析比较肾损害出现的时间,1~3个月出现肾损害的患儿最多,为54例,占50.94%,≤1个月出现肾损害的患儿最少,为13例,占12.26%。五证之间比较可知,不同中医证型的患儿肾损害出现的时间不同(χ^2=16.312,P<0.05)。在总的106例患儿中,治愈87例,占82.08%,好转13例,占12.26%,有9例未治愈,占5.66%,总治愈率为94.34%。分析各证型间的临床治疗效果可知,不同证型间的治愈率不尽相同(χ^2=9.318,P<0.05)。结论过敏性紫癜肾炎患儿以血热妄行型最多见,不同中医证型的患儿肾损害出现的时间不同,各证型间的临床治疗效果也不尽相同。     

D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原降解物检测在小儿过敏性紫癜中的应用及探讨

目的探讨D-二聚体和纤维蛋白原降解物(FDP)的检测在小儿过敏性紫癜中的应用及临床意义。方法对我院68例过敏性紫癜患儿进行D-二聚体和FDP的检测,与60例健康儿童血浆中D-二聚体和FDP进行对比。结果 68例过敏性紫癜患儿中,D-二聚体检测阳性率为54.41%,FDP检测阳性率为52.94%。对照组60例中D-二聚体和FDP的检测均为阴性。在68例小儿过敏性紫癜患儿中近50%患儿血浆中D-二聚体和FDP可升高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并对患儿进行出院后1年的随访,D-二聚体和FDP阳性结果组出现肾脏损害的占30.88%,阴性组出现肾脏损害的占2.94%。结论 D-二聚体和FDP的检测对临床合理应用抗凝治疗有指导作用,能及时判定患儿病情及预后。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.