股股转流下胸腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结股股转流下胸腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2013年2月至2020年10月期间,在股股转流体外氧合下行胸腹主动脉替换患者资料,并对这组患者的术前、术中及术后的临床资料进行总结分析。结果 股股转流下胸腹主动脉替换术患者共137例,病理类型包括CrawfordⅠ型19例（13.9%）,CrawfordⅡ型66例（48.2%）,CrawfordⅢ型36例（26.3%）,CrawfordⅣ型16例（11.7%）。手术死亡2例（1.5%）,术后30天死亡10例（7.3%）。术后急性肾功能衰竭需要连续肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）治疗患者20例（14.6%）,呼吸功能衰竭二次插管11例（8.0%）;截瘫10例（7.3%）,其中迟发性截瘫6例（4.4%）。137例患者中深低温停循环下手术31例,术后无截瘫发生。结论 股股转流下行胸腹主动脉替换术,术中能够对阻断远端各脏器提供有效保护,同时,在股股转流情况下能够降低近端主动脉游离的难度,保障手术顺利进行,尤其适合在刚开始开展胸腹主动脉替换手术的单位和近端主动脉游离困难的患者中推广应用。     

全胸腹主动脉置换术后脊髓缺血的临床分析

目的:分析全胸腹主动脉置换术(total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair,t TAAAR)后出现脊髓缺血(spinal cord ischemia,SCI)患者的临床特点、危险因素及治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析北京安贞医院于2012年1月至2013年2月间,常温、非体外循环下行t TAAAR治疗患者的临床资料,共31例(男性20例,女性11例),平均年龄(38±12)岁。患者均为Crawford II型胸腹主动脉瘤,其中Stanford A型夹层5例,Stanford B型夹层20例,真性动脉瘤6例。结果:t TAAAR手术成功率100%,围术期病死率3.2%。术后随访1年,出现脊髓缺血7例(22.6%),经过积极的激素冲击、甘露醇脱水、脑脊液引流等治疗后,4例(12.9%)下肢轻瘫患者完全恢复,3例(9.7%)截瘫患者进一步改善。结论:脊髓缺血是t TAAAR术后严重并发症,加强围术期的脊髓保护,监测脑脊液压力,并进行积极的对症治疗,能有效减少其发生率。     

全胸腹主动脉置换术后急性肾衰竭病因分析及预测

目的:胸腹主动脉瘤置换术后急性肾衰竭作为发生率最高的严重并发症之一,对患者的生活质量及生存时间影响极大。通过分析寻求对胸腹主动脉瘤置换术后急性肾衰竭发生的预测。方法:回顾性收集北京安贞医院主动脉外科,2014年至2015年共计48例常温阻断应用4分支人工血管行全胸腹主置换术患者围术期数据。应用Logistic回归模型进行病因分析并进行模型调优,并应用五折法交叉验证确定模型准确性。结果:48例非体外循环常温阻断下行全胸腹主动脉置换术的患者,平均年龄为(37.64±10.54)岁,其中7(13.2%)例为女性。13(27.1%)例为马方综合征患者。有11(20.8%)例患者使用了连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)。右肾动脉阻断时间增加(P=0.041),年龄的增加(P=0.052),性别为男性(P=0.032),术后首次乳酸指标(LAC)较高(P<0.001),以及输注RBC过多(P=0.053)会增加术后急性肾衰竭发生,而BMI较高(P=0.004)则为急性肾衰竭发生的保护因素。结论:全胸腹主动脉置换术右肾动脉阻断时间增加,年龄的增加,性别为男性,术后首次LAC指标较高,以及输注红细胞过多会增加术后急性肾衰竭发生率,BMI较高则为急性肾衰竭发生的保护因素。Logistic回归模型可以较好的早期预测全胸腹主动脉置换术后肾衰竭的发生。可根据预测结果早期对可能出现肾衰竭的患者进行CRRT治疗,让患者肾脏得到充分的休息。     

6例年轻马方综合征合并胸腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的:马方综合征(MFS)合并胸腹主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者常需再次及多次手术治疗,本研究在于探讨年轻MFS合并胸腹主动脉瘤外科治疗(TAAAR)的特点及经验总结。方法:随访2008年至今,共6例MFS合并胸腹主动脉瘤行外科手术患者,分析弓部及分支血管处理、脊髓动脉及内脏动脉重建方式对再次手术和脊髓保护的影响。结果:随访时间(7.4±3.4)年,6例男性患者,平均年龄25.5岁,共进行13次手术,围手术期无患者死亡,术后截瘫1例,双下肢肌力减退1例;5例为MFS合并Stanford A型主动脉夹层,其中1例一期行Bentall及右半弓替换,二期行CrawfordⅡ型TAAAR,1例一期行孙氏手术,二期行CrawfordⅡ型TAAAR,另外有3例患者一期行Bentall及全弓替换(术中支架左锁骨下动脉"开窗"术),二期行CrawfordⅡ型TAAAR,主动脉根部瘤合并CrawfordⅡ型胸腹主动脉瘤1例,一期行TAAAR,再次手术间隔时间为(5.0±1.8)年。结论:MFS合并主动脉病变,外科同期弓部重建,为二期手术准备,术中支架慎重"开窗",为二期手术"减压";脊髓动脉重建对预防术后截瘫具有重要意义;内脏动脉功能重建,具有多样性,依据术中情况而定,不宜残留病变血管;手术方案个体化即解决"当务之急"同时兼顾后期外科治疗。     

分支优先联合阻断弓部术中支架血管避免深低温停循环的全弓置换手术

目的:通过对全弓置换手术(孙氏手术)的改良,避免深低温停循环,以获得更好的早期临床效果。方法:2017年1月至2017年11月连续13例患者采用阻断弓部术中支架血管联合分支优先技术行全弓置换手术。右腋动脉和股动脉插供血管,单泵双管建立体外循环,首先以2分支人工血管先后吻合无名动脉和左颈总动脉建立持续双侧脑灌注,然后处理主动脉根部病变,在短暂停循环(1min左右)、中浅低温(鼻咽温28~30℃)下剖开主动脉弓部至无名动脉根部,置入术中支架血管,术中支架血管连同弓部血管一并阻断,恢复体外循环,继续完成重建手术。结果:13例患者均手术成功,全组平均下半身停循环时间(76±32)s,平均体外循环时间(213±28)min,平均主动脉阻断时间(105±22)min,手术后清醒时间(220±43)min,全组患者很快脱离呼吸机(25±17)h,无神经系统并发症发生,无肝肾功能损伤。结论:此改良全弓置换术式避免了深低温停循环,提供充分的大脑和内脏灌注,有效降低了神经系统并发症和内脏器官损伤。     

胸腹主动脉置换术患者术后脊髓损伤的危险因素分析

目的:分析胸腹主动脉置换术(TAAA)患者术后脊髓损伤的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析我院自2011年7月至2018年1月,TAAA术患者204例围术期资料,根据是否发生术后脊髓损伤分为对照组与脊髓损伤组。结果:术后脊髓损伤的发生率为4.9%(10/204例)。单因素分析发现术毕血乳酸浓度与二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、CrawfordⅢ型、严重呼吸系统并发症、透析、脑脊液压力、术后24 h内最低HGB浓度、ICU时间、以及异体红细胞输注量与术后脊髓损伤有关。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,脑脊液压力(OR=1.350,95%CI:1.102～1.653,P=0.004)、术毕血乳酸浓度(OR=1.256,95%CI:0.996～1.583,P=0.054)与术毕PaCO_2(OR=1.112,95%CI:1.013～1.220,P=0.025)是术后脊髓损伤的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析示脑脊液压力临界值为14.5 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)。结论:TAAA术患者术后脊髓损伤的发生率仍然较高。脑脊液压力、术毕血乳酸浓度与PaCO_2是TAAA术患者术后脊髓损伤的独立危险因素。     

外科手术Ⅰ期矫治主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形

目的:回顾性研究Ⅰ期手术矫治主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形病例,探讨手术适应证,评价矫治方法和疗效。方法:12例主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形接受Ⅰ期外科矫治的患者,统计不同手术方式患者手术体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环术后乳酸水平、呼吸机付诸实践、ICU住院时间及术后并发症情况。结果:12例患者中,5例采用经胸骨正中切口(经胸矫治组),7例采用胸骨正中腹部联合切口。经胸矫治组体外循环时间[(182.00±48.16)min︰(109.00±25.14)min,P=0.023 6]、主动脉阻断时间[(147.00±40.67)min︰(95.00±19.80)min,P=0.040 8]和体外循环术后乳酸水平[(4.10±1.03)mmol/L︰(2.10±0.96)mmol/L,P=0.0085]均高于胸腹联合组;而呼吸机辅助时间[(88.58±77.60)h︰(96.40±88.70)h,P=0.842 6]、ICU住院时间[(5.3±3.1)d︰(6.0±2.9)d,P=0.6982]两组差异无统计学意义。手术死亡经胸手术组1例,胸腹联合组2例;气管切开经胸矫治组2例,胸腹联合组2例。术后随访4~32个月,经胸矫治组狭窄部位无压差,胸腹联合组2例(28.6%)术后上肢压力仍高于下肢。结论:肺动脉高压是影响手术疗效的主要因素,根据不同的病理类型、年龄选用不同的手术方式,Ⅰ期手术矫治主动脉缩窄合并心内畸形安全、可靠。     

一期升主动脉-降主动脉转流治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形

目的:主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏病手术的方法仍然存在争议。本研究的目的是评估经胸骨正中切口一期升主动脉-降主动脉转流+心脏畸形矫治术治疗主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏畸形的疗效。方法:选择我院于2009年4月至2017年6月,应用经胸部正中切口行升主动脉-降主动脉心包内转流术,同期行合并心脏畸形矫治手术的患者13例,女性3例,男性10例,平均年龄35岁(19～59岁)。其中3例bentall术,8例主动脉瓣置换,1例二尖瓣置换,1例二尖瓣成形术。结果:随访期间无死亡病例,主动脉阻断时间和体外循环时间分别是(81±33) min、(123±47) min。术后上肢血压明显改善(P0.001),有术前的(159±34) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)将至术后(122±17) mmHg,截止最后一次随访,患者上下肢血压无明显压差。结论:一期升主动脉-降主动脉转流治疗主动脉缩窄合并心脏畸形远期效果显著,可以作为主动脉缩窄合并其他心脏畸形的患者选择此手术方式。     

外科治疗主动脉夹层合并胸腹主动脉瘤的长期随访结果

目的分析主动脉夹层患者接受胸腹主动脉替换术的长期结果及影响因素。方法收集中国医学科学院阜外医院2009年1月至2017年12月共110例主动脉夹层患者实施胸腹主动脉替换术的临床资料和随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier方法分析进行生存分析和免于再干预分析,采用Cox方法分析远期死亡的危险因素。结果 110例患者中,男77例,女33例,年龄(39.5±10.3)岁;DeBakeyⅠ型夹层46例(41.8%),Ⅲ型64例(58.2%);CrawfordⅡ型99例(90%),CrawfordⅢ型11例(10%)。术后30 d死亡7例(6.4%),截瘫5例(4.5%)。全部患者完成随访,随访42(15～72)个月。随访期间远期死亡9例(8.2%),术后1年、5年估计生存率分别为90.9%±2.7%和86.8%±3.5%。多因素Cox分析死亡危险因素为年龄(β=0.062,Wald=5.254,P=0.022,OR=1.064,95%CI:1.009～1.122),主动脉直径(β=0.283,Wald=6.331,P=0.012,OR=1.328,95%CI:1.065～1.655),截瘫(β=1.803,Wald=4.166,P=0.041,OR=6.069,95%CI:1.074～34.289)。免于再干预:1年93.9%±2.4%,5年83.6%±4.4%。结论开放手术治疗主动脉夹层合并胸腹主动脉瘤能够取得较好的远期生存,再干预率较低。年龄,主动脉直径,术后截瘫是术后远期死亡的独立危险因素。     

深低温停循环结合顺行性选择性脑灌注行主动脉夹层术对脑的保护作用

目的探讨60岁以上老年主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环(DHCA)结合顺行性选择性脑灌注(ASCP)手术中脑保护管理方法。方法选择2009年1月至2013年4月行主动脉夹层手术的老年患者(60岁以上)62例,体外循环均采用DHCA技术和在DHCA基础上行ASCP,应用离心泵头,控制脑灌注的流量及压力。术中监测血液稀释度、平均动脉压、电解质和血糖等变化,使用降温期间用PH稳态、低流量及复温期间用α-稳态的联合方法进行血气分析,调节酸碱平衡,给予常规超滤与零平衡超滤相结合,记录尿量。结果体外循环转机时间为104～206 min,平均(164.8±38.1)min;升主动脉阻断时间为27～125 min,平均(90.1±32)min;停循环时间为(n=53)18～61 min,平均(36.2±15.7)min,脑灌注时间15～55 min,平均(37.8±10.6)min辅助时间13～79 min,平均(47±20.9)min;常规超滤54例,超滤液量为1 200～5 000 ml,常规超滤和平衡超滤相结合4例,超滤液量为5 000～7 000 ml,全部患者手术顺利,血流动力学平稳,顺利停机,安返监护室,术后14～70 h清醒,术后早期出现躁动3例,短期低氧血症5例,肾功能不全2例,61例治愈出院,1例术后死于肾衰竭及脑出血。结论在DHCA期间合理安全的脑保护,有利于提高老年DeBakey主动脉夹层患者心脏手术中体外循环的质量,确保术中安全,减少术后并发症的发生。     

Endovascular Repair of a Large Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Using Monitored Anesthesia Care and Local Anesthesia

Over the last decade, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) from open repair to endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Regardless of the method used during emergent rupture, open verses endovascular repair, the overall mortality remains high. Recent studies have compared patient outcomes using different types of anesthesia during elective EVAR procedures. The data show that during an elective EVAR, monitored anesthesia care (MAC) with local anesthesia is not only just as safe as general anesthesia, but it offers other potential benefits as well. There is limited data in regards to patient outcomes using MAC and local anesthesia during cases of large ruptured aneurysms that are treated with EVAR. This case report discusses the treatment of a patient who presented with a large 13 cm ruptured AAA which was successfully repaired using EVAR with MAC and local anesthesia.     

Combined ascending aortobiiliac bypass and endovascular obliteration in the Bentall procedure for dual aortic aneurysms

Patients with Marfan syndrome who present with a dual aortic aneurysm are not uncommon in clinical practice; however, the management of these patients is a significant challenge. We present a unique case of aortic root aneurysm and challenging infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with a short and angulated neck. We performed simultaneous repair using the Bentall procedure and ascending aortobiiliac bypass. Endovascular obliteration of the AAA neck and bilateral common iliac arteries was also performed. The perioperative process was uneventful. Normal functioning of the mechanical valve and complete thrombosis of the AAA sac were confirmed on follow-up computed tomography and echocardiography. This report suggests that combined ascending aortobiiliac bypass and endovascular obliteration with the Bentall procedure for dual aortic aneurysm is a useful surgical strategy for patients with Marfan syndrome. Life-long follow-up and medication ought to be mandatory to prevent incomplete exclusion and bypass occlusion.     

Respecting Symptoms in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Management: A Case of Symptomatic Necrotizing Granulomatous Aortitis

A 41-year-old woman presented with chest pain of unclear etiology in the setting of a mildly dilated ascending aorta. Computed tomography angiography showed an aorta with an irregular contour and an aneurysm of 4.5 cm. There was no radiographic evidence of rupture or dissection. The patient was taken to the operating room and was found to have severe aortitis with marked localized wall thinning at imminent risk of aortic rupture. Aortic pathology demonstrated necrotizing granulomas of noninfectious etiology. This case illustrates the importance of respecting symptoms in surgical decision making for thoracic aortic aneurysms that may not meet standard interventional criteria.     

Significance of symptoms and signs in patients with traumatic aortic rupture

The records of 50 patients with traumatic aortic rupture (Group I) and 50 patients with blunt chest trauma but negative aortograms (Group II) were reviewed retrospectively. Symptoms and signs referable to the chest and thoracic aorta were recorded and compared in Group I and Group II patients. Each patient's chart was evaluated for chest pain, respiratory distress, thoracic back pain, hypotension, hypertension, and decreased femoral pulses. None of the symptoms or signs attained statistical significance between Group I and Group II patients. The only significant difference between Group I and Group II patients was in the injury severity score (ISS). The mean ISS for aortic rupture patients was 42.1 +/- 11.6 (SD), but was only 19.9 +/- 11.4 (SD) (P less than .001) for patients without aortic rupture. We conclude that the diagnosis of aortic rupture in patients sustaining blunt chest trauma cannot be accurately predicted or excluded on the basis of the patients' presenting complaints or physical findings.     

Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography in ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection

Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography can be technically demanding and is potentially risky in patients with ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection. We describe our approach to and results in catheterizing 63 patients with ascending aortic pathology. © 1994 Wiley-Liss,Inc..     

The relationship between serum apelin levels and aortic dilatation in bicuspid aortic valve patients

Objective: The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart dis‐ ease. The process of aortic dilatation is not completely clear in patients with the BAV. Apelin is a peptide found at high levels in vascular endothelial cells which has a role in vascular regulation and cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to de‐ termine the relationship between serum apelin levels and ascending aortic dilatation in adult patients with BAV.
Design: This cross‐sectional study included 62 patients with isolated BAV and to an age, gender, and body mass index‐matched control group of 58 healthy volunteers with tricuspid aortic valve. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed on all patients to determine the type of BAV. Aortic diameters of the aortic root, sinus val‐ salva, sinotubular junction, and ascending aorta were evaluated with echocardiogra‐ phy. Patients with BAV were divided into two subgroups according to the aortic diameters, as the nondilated BAV group and the dilated BAV group. Serum apelin level was analyzed with ELISA method.
Results: The serum apelin levels of the BAV patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (833.5, 25th‐75th percentile (713.5‐1745) pg/dL vs 1669 (936‐2543) pg/dL; P = 0.006). In the subgroup analysis, serum apelin level was signifi‐ cantly different between the nondilated BAV group and the dilated BAV group [977 (790‐2433) pg/dL vs 737 (693‐870) pg/dL, P < 0.05] and between the dilated BAV group and the control group [737 (693‐870) pg/dL vs 1669 (936‐2543) pg/dL, P < 0.001]. In multivariate logistic regression analysis apelin [7.27 (95% CI: 1.73‐30.42), P = 0.007] and age [1.05 (95% CI: 0.99‐1.20), P = 0.049] were determined as inde‐ pendent predictors for ascending aortic dilatation.
Conclusion: Low serum apelin level was associated with dilatation of ascending aor‐ tic in BAV patients. However, apelin was not relevant to BAV without aortic dilatation.     

Ascending aortic aneurysm and dissection in young adults with bicuspid aortic valve: Implications for echocardiographic surveillance

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is an independent risk factor for aneurysm and dissection of the ascending aorta. Despite this association, routine imaging of the aorta has not been recommended for patients with BAV. We describe two young men who developed life-threatening aneurysm or dissection of the ascending aorta; one had a normally functioning BAV and the other was 10 years after valve replacement. The pathology of this condition is very similar to that found in the Marfan syndrome. We recommend echocardiographic surveillance of the ascending aorta at regular intervals, and consideration of beta-adrenergic blockade among patients with significant dilation.     

Aortic dissection with aortopulmonary artery fistula

A case of aortic dissection complicated by aortopulmonary artery fistula is reported. Aggressive diagnostic and surgical management was associated with a favorable, longterm outcome. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.