老年人上腹手术联合应用超前镇痛与PCEA的效果及其对呼吸功能的影响

目的：观察老年人上腹手术联合应用超前镇痛与病人自控硬膜外腔镇痛（PCEA）的效果及其对呼吸功能的影响。方法：41例65岁以上择期上腹手术老年病人，随机分为三组，Ⅰ组（对照组，n=11）：按临床术后习用哌替啶50mg按需肌肉注射镇痛；Ⅱ组（n=15）：切皮后30min硬膜外腔流向吗啡1.5mg 0.5%布比卡因6-7ml镇痛；Ⅲ组（n=15)：切皮前30min硬膜外注腔注射吗啡1.5mg 0.5%布比卡因6-7ml超前镇痛组。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组于手术后均采用PCEA继续镇痛治疗。比较3组术后镇痛的效果，分别测定术前和术后1d、3d、5d及7d的呼吸功能。结果：Ⅲ组术后病人的吗啡用量减少，VAS评分量低，呼吸功能改善最为明显，尤其是小气道功能改善最为显著。结论：老年人上腹手术联合应用超前镇痛与术后PCEA，可改善术后的呼吸功能，不良反应少。     

硬膜外吗啡和氟哌利多超前镇痛的临床研究

目的：比较硬膜外吗啡和氟哌利多超前镇痛与术后镇痛的临床效果和安全性。方法：选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级，年龄37～49岁，择期在硬膜外麻醉下行妇科手术的患者30例，随机分为超前镇痛组(Ⅰ组)和术后镇痛组(Ⅱ组)，每组15例。Ⅰ组在术前20min经硬膜外导管一次性注入吗啡2．0mg和氟哌利多1．25mg；Ⅱ组在术毕即硬膜外注入上述等量药物。术后2、4、8、12、24h随访并记录镇痛效果、镇静程度及不良反应，监测血压、心率、呼吸频率、脉搏血氧饱和度；术中记录局麻药用量。结果：超前镇痛组术后8～24h镇痛效果优于术后镇痛组，且局麻药用量减少。结论：硬膜外吗啡和氟哌利多超前镇痛效果优于术后镇痛。     

喷他佐辛超前镇痛对患者自控镇痛效应的影响

目的 观察喷他佐辛超前镇痛对经腹全子宫切除术后患者硬膜外自控镇痛(PCA)效应的影响.方法 择期腹式全子宫切除手术患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.随机均分为三组:超前镇痛组(A组),于手术切皮前15 min缓慢静脉推注喷他佐辛30 mg;术后镇痛组(B组),于手术结束关腹时静脉缓慢推注喷他佐辛30 mg;对照组(C组),于手术切皮前15 min缓慢静脉推注生理盐水1 ml.三组患者均行硬膜外自控镇痛(PCA),镇痛液为0.2%左旋布比卡因和0.01%吗啡,PCA采用设置为负荷剂量5 ml、背景剂量1 ml/h、追加剂馈每次1 ml的LCP模式,锁定时间10 min,镇痛24 h.分别记录伤口静息疼痛和动态疼痛的VAS评分、开启PCA泵后各时段PCA泵的按压次数(D1)和实际有效按压次数(D2)、Ramsay镇静评分、改良Bromage分级及不良反应的发生率.结果 三组患者PCA期间24 h左旋布比卡因和吗啡用量A组明显低于B、C组(P＜0.05),A组术后1、2、4、6、8、12及16 h静念和动态疼痛VAS评分明显低于B、C组(P＜0.05).B组术后4 h静态VAS评分明显低于C组(P＜0.05);在2～4 h、4～6 h、6～8 h时段中A组患者D1及D2明显少于B、C组(P＜0.05).结论 在手术切皮前15 min静注喷他佐辛超前镇痛可有效增强经腹全子宫切除术患者硬膜外PCA的术后镇痛效应,减少PCA镇痛药量,镇痛时间延长,不良反应较少,值得在临床中选用.     

不同镇痛方法用于妇科手术病人术后镇痛的疗效观察

目的比较硬膜外单次注射吗啡与病人自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)、自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)在术后镇痛中的临床效果。方法选择美国麻醉医学会(ASA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行妇科手术的病人60例。随机分为吗啡组(A组)、吗啡PCEA组(B组)和吗啡PCIA组(C组)。每组20例。A组在手术结束时硬膜外腔注射吗啡2 mg+盐酸罗哌卡因15 mg,B组在手术结束时硬膜外腔注射吗啡0.5 mg+盐酸罗哌卡因15 mg,并经硬膜外导管接自控止痛泵,C组在手术结束时硬膜外腔注射吗啡0.5 mg+盐酸罗哌卡因15 mg,并经静脉接自控止痛泵。记录A、B、C 3组术后4、8、12、24、48h各时间点VAS评分和恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制、下肢麻木等不良反应的发生情况。结果B、C组8、12、24、48h各时间点VAS评分均低于A组(P0.01)。B组下肢麻木的发生高于A组、C组(P0.05)。结论PCIA泵、PCEA泵均能产生良好的术后镇痛效果。PCIA泵具有避免PCEA泵一些严重并发症的发生。     

芬太尼超前镇痛用于阑尾切除术患者的临床观察

目的观察芬太尼超前镇痛用于硬膜外麻醉下阑尾切除术的临床效果。方法将拟行阑尾切除术患者100例,ASAI~Ⅱ级,随机分为2组;芬太尼超前镇痛组(Ⅰ组)和术后镇痛组(Ⅱ组),各50例。硬膜外穿刺部位均为T11~12间隙,每组硬膜外首剂量均为2%利多卡因3mL(试验量),追加剂量为1%利多卡因与0.5%罗哌卡因混合液11mL,Ⅰ组局麻药中加入芬太尼0.06mg(1.2mL),Ⅱ组局麻药中加入生理盐水1.2mL,并在手术结束时硬膜外推注芬太尼0.06mg(1.2mL)。观察起效时间、麻醉效果和镇痛维持时间,以及术后2、4、8、24h,VAS评分。结果Ⅱ组比较Ⅰ组患者麻醉起效时间缩短,镇痛维持时间延长(P0.05),术中麻醉效果好,牵拉反应明显减少(P0.05),未见明显不良反应。结论芬太尼超前镇痛用于硬膜外下阑尾切除术可以明显缩短麻醉起效时间,改善麻醉效果,降低牵拉反应的发生,又能减轻术后疼痛,值得临床应用及推广。     

帕瑞昔布对剖宫产术后病人不同剂量吗啡硬膜外镇痛效果的影响

目的 评价帕瑞昔布对剖宫产术后病人不同剂量吗啡硬膜外镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期行剖宫产手术的病人300例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～40岁,体重54 ～ 89 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为6组(n＝50):帕瑞昔布联合常规剂量吗啡PCEA组(P1组)、帕瑞昔布联合中剂量吗啡PCEA组(P2组)、帕瑞昔布联合小剂量吗啡PCEA组(P3组),3组各设置生理盐水联合吗啡PCEA对照组(C1组、C2组和C3组).于手术结束时P1组、P2组和P3组静脉注射帕瑞昔布40 ng,C1组、C2组和C3组给予等容量生理盐水.6组术后行吗啡PCEA,C1组和P1组:负荷量为吗啡2.0mg,镇痛泵药物为吗啡3.0 mg;C2组和P2组:负荷量为吗啡1.5mg,镇痛泵药物为吗啡2.0 mg;C3组和P3组:负荷量为吗啡1.0 mg,镇痛泵药物为吗啡1.5 mg;负荷量中均加入0.15％罗哌卡因8ml,所有镇痛泵中药物均加入罗哌卡因150 mg、格拉司琼3 mg和地塞米松5 mg,用生理盐水稀释至100 ml,背景输注速率2 ml/h,PCA量0.5ml,锁定时间15 min.分别记录术毕～术后24h期间静息状态及活动状态时镇痛有效情况,记录恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制、低血压和嗜睡等不良反应的发生情况.结果 与C1组或G2组比较,P1组或P2组术后活动状态和静息状态镇痛有效率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与C3组比较,P3组活动状态镇痛有效率升高(P<0.01),静息状态镇痛有效率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与P1组和P2组比较,P3组恶心呕吐程度和皮肤瘙痒发生率降低(P<0.01),无一例病人发生呼吸抑制、低血压和嗜睡.结论 静脉注射帕瑞昔布40 mg可增强剖宫产术后小剂量吗啡硬膜外镇痛的效果,而对中等剂量或常规剂量吗啡硬膜外镇痛效果无影响.     

吗啡和芬太尼用于下肢手术术后镇痛的比较

硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)在临床上已广泛使用,其效果确切,操作方便,深受患者欢迎。镇痛药物的配方文献报道各种各样,本文比较吗啡和芬太尼PCEA的镇痛效应及其不良反应,探求一种较为理想的PCEA配方。1资料与方法1.1一般资料:下肢骨骨折切开复位内固定术患者122例,年龄17～61岁,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,无心、肺、肾及神经系统疾病,无其他部位损伤,无长期服用镇静药和镇痛药史,随机分为两组:术后留置硬膜外导管行PCEA吗啡组(Ⅰ组)61例,选用0.01%吗啡 0.01%地塞米松 0.002%维生素B12;芬太尼组(Ⅱ组)61例,选用0.0003%芬太尼 0.01%地塞米松 0.002%维生…     

低剂量吗啡硬膜外单次注射联合布托啡诺鼻喷剂用于腹式子宫切除术后镇痛的有效性和安全性

目的 比较术后单次硬膜外注射吗啡-布托啡诺鼻喷剂联合镇痛与否对腹式子宫切除术后镇痛的有效性与安全性.方法 单盲、完全随机、安慰剂对照研究择期ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行腹式子宫切除术的患者50例,分为A、B两组(n=25):均在L2-3硬膜外麻醉下进行手术,关腹前A组接受单次硬膜外注射吗啡0.5 mg(4 ml),鼻喷与B组等剂...     

不同镇痛药物经静脉超前镇痛效应的观察

目的　观察术前单次及术中持续静脉注射不同镇痛药物的超前镇痛效应。方法　90 例静吸复合全麻下行下腹部肿瘤手术(包括直肠癌、结肠癌)病人随机分为三组。曲马多组(T组): 切皮前10min静脉注射曲马多2.0mg/kg及术中持续静脉注射0.5mg·kg-1·h-1至术毕;氯胺酮 组(K组):切皮前3min静脉注射氯胺酮1.5mg/kg及术中持续静脉注射0.5mg·kg-1·h-1至术 毕;对照组(C组):切皮前及术中给予生理盐水。术后均采用PCEA设备镇痛。记录术后视觉模拟评 分(VAS)及Ramsay评分、术后镇痛药物用量、PCEA有效按压次数及并发症。结果　术后VAS评分 仅T组在术后3、4、6、12h点显著低于K组和C组(P<0.05)。术后硬膜外各时点镇痛药用量及各时 段内PCEA有效按压次数差异无显著性(P>0.05)。T组瘙痒的发生率高于其他组(P<0.05)。结论 　切皮前及术中持续静注曲马多或氯胺酮均未减少术后镇痛药用量,未能显示出超前镇痛的效应。     

剖宫产术后镇痛对婴儿母乳喂养的影响

目的　比较剖宫产术后硬膜外吗啡类镇痛与非镇痛对婴儿母乳喂养的影响。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级足月妊娠剖宫产孕妇 90例 ,随机分为镇痛Ⅰ组、镇痛Ⅱ组和对照组。结果　两镇痛组镇痛效果满意 ,对呼吸、循环功能无明显影响。两镇痛组产后 2 4h开奶例数、产后 2 4h哺乳 3～8次例数明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 1)。镇痛组肠排气时间早 ,无并发症。结论　剖宫产术后采用微量泵持续硬膜外注入吗啡类镇痛药镇痛效果可靠 ,并能降低术后产妇的应激反应 ,消除疼痛导致的焦虑、紧张等情绪反应 ,促进早开奶 ,利于母乳喂养     

Preincisional dextromethorphan combined with thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia improves postoperative pain and bowel function in patients undergoing colonic surgery

Colonic surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain and postoperative ileus, which contribute to delayed hospital discharge. In previous studies, we demonstrated that IM dextromethorphan (DM) provided preemptive analgesia and improved postoperative pain. The benefit of thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) and postoperative epidural analgesia on postoperative pain was well demonstrated. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of preincisional IM DM combined with intraoperative TEA and postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on pain and bowel function after colonic surgery. Patients were randomized into 3 equal groups to receive: 1) chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) 20 mg and general anesthesia (CPM-GA); 2) CPM 20 mg and GA combined with TEA (CPM-TEA); or 3) DM 40 mg (containing 20 mg of CPM) and GA combined with TEA (DM-TEA). The CPM, DM, and TEA with lidocaine were administered after GA induction via an IM injection and 30 min before the skin incision. All patients received postoperative PCEA for pain control. Analgesic effects were evaluated for 72 h after surgery using visual analog scale pain scores at rest and moving, time to first PCEA request for pain relief, total PCEA consumption, and the time to first passage of flatus. Statistically significant improvement of postoperative pain and bowel function was observed in the following order: DM-TEA > CPM-TEA > CPM-GA. Compared with the CPM-TEA group, the DM-TEA group averaged 1.6 points lower on first-hour pain scores, 40 min longer to first PCEA request, 15.8 mL less PCEA drug over 72 h, and 14.7 h earlier bowel function (all P < 0.01). We conclude that the combination of preincisional DM (40 mg IM), intraoperative TEA, and postoperative PCEA enhances analgesia and facilitates recovery of bowel function, suggesting possible synergistic interaction with local anesthetics and opioids.     

Preoperative ketamine improves postoperative analgesia after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery

In this study, we evaluated the preemptive effect of a small dose of ketamine on postoperative wound pain. In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial, we compared the analgesic requirement in patients receiving preincision ketamine with ketamine after skin closure or placebo after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. One-hundred-thirty-five patients were randomly assigned to receive preincision or postoperative ketamine 0.15 mg/kg or saline IV. Anesthetic technique was standardized. Patients were interviewed regularly up to 4 wk after surgery. Pain score, morphine consumption, side effects, and quality of recovery score were recorded. Patients receiving preincision ketamine had a lower pain score in the first 6 h after operation compared with the postoperative (P = 0.001) or placebo groups (P < 0.001). The mean (95% confidence intervals) time to first request for analgesia in the preincision group, 1.8 h (1.4-2.1), was longer than the postoperative group, 1.2 h (0.9-1.5; P < 0.001), or the placebo group, 0.7 h (0.4-0.9; P < 0.001). The mean +/- SD morphine consumption in the preincision group, 1.5 +/- 2.0 mg, was less than that in the postoperative group, 2.9 +/- 3.1 mg (P = 0.04) and the placebo group, 3.4 +/- 2.7 mg (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference among groups with respect to hemodynamic variables or side effects. No patient complained of hallucinations or nightmares. We conclude that a small dose of ketamine is not only safe, but it also provides preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. IMPLICATIONS: In women undergoing laparoscopic gynecologic surgery, a small preoperative dose of ketamine (0.15 mg/kg) produced preemptive analgesia. There were no significant hemodynamic and psychological side effects with this dose.     

Preemptive analgesia by intravenous low-dose ketamine and epidural morphine in gastrectomy: a randomized double-blind study

BACKGROUND: Morphine and ketamine may prevent central sensitization during surgery and result in preemptive analgesia. The reliability of preemptive analgesia, however, is controversial. METHODS: Gastrectomy patients were given preemptive analgesia consisting of epidural morphine, intravenous low-dose ketamine, and combinations of these in a randomized, double-blind manner. Postsurgical pain intensity was rated by a visual analog scale, a categoric pain evaluation, and cumulative morphine consumption. RESULTS: Preemptive analgesia by epidural morphine and by intravenous low-dose ketamine were significantly effective but not definitive. With epidural morphine, a significant reduction in visual analog scale scores at rest was observed at 24 and 48 h, and morphine consumption was significantly lower at 6 and 12 h, compared with control values. With intravenous ketamine, visual analog scale scores at rest and morphine consumption were significantly lower at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h than those in control subjects. The combination of epidural morphine and intravenous ketamine provided definitive preemptive analgesia: Visual analog scale scores at rest and morphine consumption were significantly the lowest at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, and the visual analog scale score during movement and the categoric pain score also were significantly the lowest among the groups. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that for definitive preemptive analgesia, blockade of opioid and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors is necessary for upper abdominal surgery such as gastrectomy; singly, either treatment provided significant, but not definitive, postsurgical pain relief. Epidural morphine may affect the spinal cord segmentally, whereas intravenous ketamine may block brain stem sensitization via the vagus nerve during upper abdominal surgery.     

Patient-controlled interscalene analgesia versus patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in postoperative analgesia after upper extremity surgery

The effectiveness of patient-controlled interscalene analgesia (PCISA) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIVA) in the management of postoperative pain in 36 patients was studied. The general anesthetic technique was standardized. After surgery, all patients received 2 mg intravenous morphine. The patients were then randomized to receive either PCISA or PCIVA. The PCISA group received an interscalene block with 20 ml of 1% lidocaine. A catheter was introduced within the interscalene sheath and 20 min after the initial block, patients received a continuous infusion of 0.125 bupivacaine at rate of 4 ml/h supplemented by a bolus dose of 3 ml with a 15-min lockout time. PCIVA was given as a 1 mg morphine bolus and a 7-min lockout time. Pain relief was regularly assessed using a visual analog scale. Side effects and patient satisfaction were noted. The study period ended 48 h after the operation. Pain relief was significantly better controlled in the PCISA group 6, 12, 24, and 30 h after the operation (P<0.05). At 36, 42, and 48 h, no significant difference in pain score between the two groups was observed. Patient satisfaction was greater in the PCISA group (P<0.05). Vomiting and pruritus were observed more frequently in the PCIVA group (P<0.05). No major complications occurred in any of the study patients. The use of the PCISA technique was uncomplicated and provided better pain relief than PCIVA in postoperative analgesia.     

Effect of low-dose intravenous ketamine in postoperative analgesia for hysterectomy and adnexectomy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of low dose ketamine (0.15 mg/Kg i.v.) as a pre-emptive pain relief after general anesthesia. METHOD: Sixty-nine gynecological surgery patients were enrolled in this prospective, double-blind study. All received total intravenous anesthesia and were randomized to group A (n = 23) to receive preoperative ketamine, to group B (n = 23) to receive postoperative ketamine or to group C (n = 23) to receive placebo. A patient-controlled anesthesia device with morphine and ketorolac was used to provide postoperative pain relief. We evaluated the time taken to resume spontaneous breathing and to administer the first analgesic dose; the pain score on a visual analogue scale at rest at 1, 6, 24, 48 h and on the fifth day, and upon movement on the first and fifth days; and morphine consumption at 6, 24 and 48 h. RESULTS: Recovery of spontaneous breathing occurred later in group B (10 +/- 5 min) than in group A (6.68 +/- 3.64 min; p < 0.05) or in group C (8 +/- 4 min). The first analgesic dose was infused later in group B (45.24 +/- 16.16 min; p < 0.001) than in group A (26.45 +/- 11.65 min) or in group C (25.47 +/- 9.19 min). The pain scores at rest were similar. On the fifth day, pain upon movement was less intense for patients treated with ketamine (group A 12 [10-21] and group B 13.5 [2-22]) than in patients treated with placebo (group C 23 [15.5-36.75]) (p < 0.05 group C vs. group A; and p < 0.01 group C vs. group B). Morphine consumption at 6 h was less in group B than group C (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A low dose of ketamine has no preemptive analgesic effect.     

Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous epidural infusion with ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children

Epidural ropivacaine infusion has been used in children; however, patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) has not been evaluated in the pediatric population. In this study, we compared the clinical efficiency of PCEA and of continuous epidural infusion analgesia (CEA) in children. Forty-eight children undergoing orthopedic surgery were randomized to receive PCEA or CEA with ropivacaine 0.2%. All patients underwent a standard general anesthetic. Children also received ketoprofen and propacetamol. Pain scores and side effects were recorded for 48 h. If the visual analog score scale score was >4 of 10, analgesia was considered inadequate, and rescue treatment was administered. Both groups obtained effective pain relief. Children in the PCEA group received significantly less local anesthetic than those in the CEA group (0.20 +/- 0.08 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) versus 0.40 +/- 0.08 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1); P < 0.001). Motor effects, supplemental analgesic requirements, and side effects did not differ. We concluded that PCEA with ropivacaine 0.2% can provide adequate postoperative analgesia for pediatric orthopedic procedures with smaller dose requirements than CEA. IMPLICATIONS: We studied patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) and continuous epidural infusion analgesia (CEA) with 0.2% ropivacaine during the postoperative period in children. We found that either PCEA or CEA with plain ropivacaine 0.2% provided adequate pain relief in children during the first 48-h postoperative course. However, adequate analgesia was obtained with 50% less volume infused with PCEA compared with CEA.     

Dextromethorphan-associated epidural patient-controlled analgesia provides better pain- and analgesics-sparing effects than dextromethorphan-associated intravenous patient-controlled analgesia after bone-malignancy resection: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study

Pain after bone malignancy surgery is intense and requires large amounts of analgesics. The augmented antinociceptive effects of dextromethorphan (DM), a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, were demonstrated previously. We assessed the use of postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) or IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in patients undergoing surgery for bone malignancy under standardized combined general and epidural anesthesia with or without DM. Patients (n = 120) were randomly allocated to receive PCEA (ropivacaine 3.2 mg plus fentanyl 8 microg/dose) or IV-PCA (morphine 2 mg/dose) postoperatively, starting at subjective visual analog scale pain intensity >or=4 of 10 for up to 96 h. Placebo or DM 90 mg orally (30 patients/group/set) was given in a double-blinded manner before surgery and for 2 days afterwards. Diclofenac 75 mg IM was available as a rescue drug. DM patients used PCA and rated their pain >50% less than their placebo counterparts in each set, especially during the first 2 postoperative days (P < 0.01). Hourly and overall maximal pain intensity among PCEA patients was approximately 50% less than in the IV-PCA set (P < 0.01). Diclofenac was used 42% less (P < 0.01) by the PCA-DM patients compared with their placebo counterparts. Seven PCEA-DM and 11 IV-PCA-DM individuals reported having side effects compared with 44 in the PCEA-placebo and the IV-PCA-placebo groups (P < 0.01). Time to first ambulation was similar with both analgesia techniques but shorter among the DM-treated patients compared with the placebo recipients (1.5 +/- 0.8 versus 2.1 +/- 1.1 days, P = 0.02). Thus, DM afforded better pain control and reduced the demand for analgesics, augmented the PCEA effect versus IV-PCA, and was associated with minimal untoward effects in each analgesia set. DM patients ambulated earlier than placebo recipients. IMPLICATIONS: Patients undergoing bone-malignancy surgery under combined general and epidural anesthesia received randomly patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) or IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) postoperatively and dextromethorphan (DM) 90 mg or placebo double-blindly for 3 days (n = 30/group/set). The DM effect was recorded with minimal untoward effects: it afforded better pain control and reduced the demand for analgesics compared with the placebo, especially when associated with PCEA. DM patients ambulated earlier than placebo recipients.     

两种硬膜外分娩镇痛给药方式效果比较

目的观察两种硬膜外分娩镇痛给药方式对产妇镇痛满意度的影响。方法将60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级有分娩镇痛要求的初产妇随机分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组各30例,两组均在成功实施硬膜外阻滞后,将硬膜外导管与镇痛泵相连;Ⅰ组设定无背景剂量,Ⅱ组设定背景剂量5 ml/h;均设置单次剂量5 ml,锁定时间15 min。结果两组产妇在分娩镇痛期间的BP、HR、RR、SpO2、胎心率及宫缩强度均在正常范围,各记录时点的VAS评分、不良反应发生率及产妇满意度两组差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);Ⅰ组行PCEA单次剂量追加例数和按压次数均显著多于Ⅱ组(均P<0.01),使用罗哌卡因和舒芬太尼药量显著少于Ⅱ组(均P<0.01)。结论两种给药方式均能使产妇达到较高满意度,有背景剂量的给药方式接近理想分娩镇痛效果。     

患者自控硬膜外布比卡因和吗啡镇痛对术后肠功能恢复的影响

目的　观察不同的术后镇痛方法对术后肠功能恢复的影响。方法　根据术后镇痛方式的不同将10 0例胃肠手术患者随机平均分为 4组 :传统哌替啶肌注组 (IM组 )作为对照组 ;另外 3组采用自控硬膜外镇痛法 ,B组用药为布比卡因 ;M组为吗啡 ;BM组为布比卡因复合吗啡。记录各组患者的术后镇痛效果、肠鸣音恢复情况、肛门排气时间、恶心、呕吐等。结果　M和BM组镇痛效果明显优于IM或B组 (P <0 0 1) ;B组布比卡因用量显著多于BM组 (P <0 0 1) ,术后肠鸣音恢复、肛门排气明显早于其他 3组 (P <0 0 1) ;与传统肌注哌替啶镇痛IM组比较 ,M和BM组患者术后肠鸣音恢复、排气时间基本相同 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　患者自控硬膜外吗啡或混合低浓度布比卡因用于胃肠手术后镇痛效果良好 ;与传统的肌注镇痛比较 ,对术后肠功能恢复无明显影响 ;自控硬膜外单纯低浓度布比卡因镇痛有促进术后肠功能恢复的效应 ,但术后镇痛效果较差。