颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值。方法搜集60例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料,CT检查37例,MRI检查53例,CT和MRI检查30例,其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤57例,经手术病理证实42例,影像资料典型15例,经伽玛刀治疗随访证实;脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例,均经手术病理治疗证实。结果脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,无明显占位效应,周围无或轻度水肿。CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影32例,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI检查T2WI表现为"桑葚状"混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化。脑外型病灶位于中颅窝、鞍旁,MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1、明显长T2信号,增强扫描呈明显均匀强化。结论脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征,MRI优于CT像,特别是MRI的T2WI像有助于明确诊断。     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现及诊断价值。方法搜集60例颅内海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI影像资料，CT检查37例，MRI检查53例，CT和MRI检查30例，其中脑内型海绵状血管瘤57例，经手术病理证实42例，影像资料典型15例，经伽玛刀治疗随访证实；脑外型海绵状血管瘤3例，均经手术病理治疗证实。结果脑内型海绵状血管瘤可位于脑内任何部位，单发病灶多见，无明显占位效应，周围无或轻度水肿。CT检查的全部病例呈稍高及混杂密度影32例，增强扫描大都无强化；MRI检查T2WI表现为“桑葚状”混杂高信号，周围有云絮状低信号环，增强后病灶仅少数轻度强化。脑外型病灶位于中颅窝、鞍旁，MRI呈类似哑铃形或类圆形较均匀的稍长T1、明显长T2信号，增强扫描呈明显均匀强化。结论脑内与脑外型海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征，MRI优于CT像，特别是MRI的T2WI像有助于明确诊断。     

脑海绵状血管瘤21例影像诊断分析

目的探讨脑海绵状血管瘤的影像学诊断价值。方法对21例脑海绵状血管瘤的MRI、CT影像特征进行回顾分析。结果 21例均行MRI常规扫描,7例增强扫描,20例共有29个结节状或圆形病灶,分别呈T1加权像(WI)、T2WI高或低混合信号,T1WI稍低信号、T2WI高信号,T1WI、T2WI均高信号,T1WI、T2WI均低信号;1例6个病灶呈散在分布圆点形,T1WI、T2WI均低信号。14例行CT检查,显示17个病灶,均为较高密度病灶或不均匀稍高密度。结论脑海绵状血管瘤的MRI显示信号具有特征性,多数脑海绵状血管廇结合MRI及CT检查可以明确诊断。     

脑内海绵状血管瘤的CT及MRI诊断

目的探讨CT及MRI对脑内海绵状血管瘤(cavernous angiomas,CA)的表现和诊断价值。方法收集资料完整经手术病理证实的36例脑内CA患者的CT及MRI资料,重点分析其影像表现特征。结果 CA可位于脑内任何部位,单发病灶多见,周围无或轻度水肿,无占位效应,CT平扫为稍高密度影,钙化占68.7%,增强扫描大都无强化;MRI表现为桑椹状混杂高信号,周围有云絮状低信号环,增强后病灶大都无强化。结论脑内海绵状血管瘤的MRI表现有特异性,MRI对脑实质内CA的检出率优于CT,特别是MRI的T2WI像有助于明确诊断。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的CT和MRI诊断价值

目的探讨海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的CT、MRI表现特征,以提高其诊断水平。方法回顾分析我院经手术病理证实的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤9例,均行头颅CT和MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果 7例病灶呈"哑铃形",2例呈圆形。所有病灶周围无水肿,内无钙化及囊变。CT平扫8例为均匀等或稍高密度,1例为不均匀高密度。MRI平扫T1WI 4例等、4例稍低、1例略高信号;T2WI 8例均匀高信号、1例混杂高信号。CT增强扫描呈均匀中度强化2例,显著强化7例。MRI增强9例均显著强化,其中4例增强早期强化不均匀,晚期呈延迟填充强化特征。DWI 6例等信号,稍高2例,混杂信号1例。ADC图均呈明显高信号,ADC值(1.48±0.34)×10-3 mm3/s。结论海绵窦海绵状血管瘤具有一定的CT、MRl表现特征,CT及MRl检查对海绵窦海绵状血管瘤诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

中国汉族家族性脑海绵状血管瘤：1家系谱回顾分析

目的　探讨汉族人家族性脑海绵状血管瘤的临床、影像学及病理特点。方法 对1家族性脑海绵状血管瘤家系进行临床、影像学和病理分析,并绘制家系遗传图谱。结果 该家系16人共4人发病,符合常染色体显性不完全外显遗传,临床以头痛、出血、局灶性神经功能障碍为主要表现,头颅MRITlWI多呈混杂信号,T2WI多为不均匀高信号为主的混杂信号,内部可见夹杂低信号,边缘为低信号环。镜下脑海绵状血管瘤由缺乏肌层和弹力纤维的大小不等的海绵状血管窦组成,病灶内可见玻璃样变、钙化或不同阶段的出血,病灶周围可有胶质增生带,病灶内部或周围含有含铁血黄素。结论 家族性脑海绵状血管瘤是常染色体不完全显性遗传病。头颅MRIT2加权像病灶周围含铁血黄素沉积的“铁环征”,是脑海绵状血管瘤的特征性MRI表现。其病理结构是其易反复少量出血及MRI影像表现复杂多样的主要原因。     

海绵窦海绵状血管瘤影像学特征及伽马刀治疗效果

目的总结海绵窦海绵状血管瘤MRI影像学特点,与鞍旁其他占位病变鉴别,提高临床诊断正确率,并评价伽马刀治疗海绵窦海绵状血管瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年4月到2017年4月四川大学华西医院经伽马刀治疗的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤42例患者的临床资料。治疗前接受MRI检查明确诊断,扫描序列包括T1加权成像、T2加权成像、FLAIR,以及经静脉注射钆喷酸葡胺后行增强T1WI扫描。伽马刀肿瘤周边照射剂量为11～16Gy,平均(14.4±1.1)Gy,45%～50%等剂量线覆盖,确保视交叉受照射剂量低于8Gy。术后第1年,每3个月进行随访,以后1次/年,患者来院进行临床疗效及肿瘤体积的评价。结果 42例患者中,TI加权像呈低信号25例,等信号17例;T2加权像均呈均匀高信号,如脑脊液信号;FLAIR像均呈高信号;增强扫描时均匀强化28例,不均匀强化14例。平均随访32.2±3.1个月(12～96个月),33例有症状的患者,症状改善率为96.9%(32例)。影像学随访显示,42例经伽马刀治疗的海绵窦海绵状血管瘤患者,治疗后肿瘤体积较治疗前明显缩小,差异有统计学意义[(8.9±0.9)cm~3比(31.5±3.5)cm~3,t=8.494,P值=0.008];肿瘤明显缩小34例(81%),肿瘤部分缩小8例(19%)。结论海绵窦海绵状血管瘤具有典型MRI影像特征,TI加权像呈略低信号或等信号,T2加权像呈均匀高信号,如脑脊液信号,在FLAIR像上也呈高信号,增强后均匀强化或不均匀强化,诊断特异性高,是诊断和鉴别诊断的依据。伽马刀治疗CSH疗效好,安全性高,并发症少,已基本取代显微手术,成为CSH的首选治疗方法。     

三脑室海绵状血管瘤

海绵状血管畸形也称海绵状血管瘤,是一种少见的疾病,常见于大脑半球,少见于脑干、基底节、脑室周围。这些病人常出现脑积水、记忆丧失、下丘脑功能障碍的症状和体征。既往有15例三脑室海绵状血管瘤的病例报道,但有MRI评价的仅有3例,本文报道4例该种少见病例并结合CT及MRI资料进行了讨论。 例1,女,43岁,间歇性头痛2周,神经系统检查除轻微记忆缺失外余正常。CT示弥漫性高密度影有—3cm肿块充填Ⅲ脑室,轻度均一增强,侧脑室扩大,MRI T_1、T_2加权像均为混杂信号,对比增强轻微,病灶完全在第Ⅲ脑室内,Ⅲ脑室扩大,手术目的为进一步确诊和脑室减压,经胼胝体穹隆入路,术式的选择是因为Monro氏孔未扩大,Ⅲ脑室底变得极     

海绵窦内海绵状血管瘤的手术治疗

例1女性,55岁。主因间断性右面部麻木1年伴蚁行感入院,查体:右眼外展轻度受限,右侧颞肌及咀嚼肌萎缩。CT显示右鞍旁稍低密度占位,MRI显示右鞍旁占位,T1加权像上为等-低信号,T2加权像上为高信号,均匀强化,     

结直肠癌脑转移的影像学特点

目的探讨结直肠癌脑转移的影像学特点。方法回顾性分析10例经手术治疗的结直肠癌脑转移病人的影像学和病理学等资料。结果 9例病灶MRI T2加权表现为低信号,实性结节状,呈不均匀强化,病变边缘强化明显。1例病人MRI T2加权表现为高信号,囊性,囊壁强化。5例病人术前CT检查提示病变呈不同程度的高密度,周围水肿明显。结论根据结直肠癌脑转移所特有的MRI T2加权呈现低信号及CT扫描呈高密度的影像学特点,有利于疾病鉴别,对提高临床诊断结直肠癌脑转移有一定帮助。     

脑干海绵状血管瘤影像学

目的：结合临床表现特点，对４８例有组织学结果的脑干海绵状血管瘤的影像学表现进行分析。方法：４８例依发作方式分为两种类型。一类表现为突然发作的颅神经及传导束症状，部分为反复类似发作；另一种为静止性发作。所有病人均进行了ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检查。并通过手术得到病理证实。结果：所有病例ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ均表现出海绵状血管瘤的特点。在非增强ＣＴ扫描表现为等或稍高密度，在增强ＣＴ扫描，病灶表现为轻至中度强化，水肿及占位效应均不明显。ＭＲＩ扫描表现为高信号或混杂信号，代表不同时相的出血及胶质样变。部分病例可见典型的桑椹样或网络样结构。除１８例病灶位于延髓或中脑外，大多病灶位于桥脑。３例在梯度回波扫描可见多发病灶。有１例组织学可见海绵状血管瘤的血管腔内存在弹性纤维；４例可见引流静脉及供血动脉。结论：桥脑是脑干海绵状血管瘤最常见部位；影像学特别是ＭＲＩ表现与病程及病变构成有关；部分组织病理学具有与其它血管畸形重叠的特点。手术彻底切除病灶对防止复发非常重要。     

Intracerebral cavernous angiomas

We studied 31 patients with histologically verified intracerebral cavernous angiomas. Twenty-two patients were symptomatic; nine were asymptomatic. All 22 symptomatic patients had seizures, three had intracranial hemorrhage, and one had signs of a space-occupying lesion. Twenty-seven lesions were located in the neocortex, three in the brainstem, and one in the cerebellum; all exhibited characteristic gross and microscopic features of cavernous angiomas. CT identified the location and extent of the lesion in 16 of 27 cases. Six of seven lesions demonstrated contrast enhancement, and ten of 27 scans harbored densities consistent with intracerebral calcium. Angiography was performed in 17 cases and was completely normal in eight. MRI revealed mixed signal intensity centrally with a ring of decreased signal intensity peripherally on T2-weighted images and was diagnostic in five cases. Surgical treatment offers an excellent prognosis for seizure control in patients with such lesions.     

Cavernomas of the central nervous system: clinical and neuroimaging manifestations in 47 patients.

Forty seven cases of central nervous system cavernous angioma (21 males and 26 females) are described. The main clinical signs were epilepsy and brainstem syndromes. Digital subtraction intra-arterial angiography, when used, failed to reveal cavernoma. CT detected many of the lesions, but the most successful supplementary diagnostic procedure was MRI which produces highly characteristic images of cavernous angioma. The diagnosis of cavernous angioma was confirmed in the 18 cases in which the tumour was removed surgically.     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断与显微外科治疗

目的探讨颅内海绵状血管瘤的诊断与显微手术治疗效果。方法分析32例（34个病灶）颅内海绵状血管瘤病人的临床表现、影像学特征、手术治疗及预后。病人术前均行头颅M刚和（或）CT检查,单发病灶30例,多发病灶2例。主要临床表现为头痛、癫痫及神经功能障碍。均行最微外科手术。结果全切除33个病灶,部分切除1个病灶,术前诊断均与病理相符。15例伴癫痫者术中均予皮质脑电监测,根据术中发现行扩大切除5例,皮质热灼3例;术后达EngelI级14例,EngelⅡ级1例,术后无新发癫痫病例。24例随访3—26个月,均未发现复发病例。结论影像技术的进步使颅内海绵状血管瘤的术前诊断率大大提高。颅内海绵状血管瘤可通过显微手术切除获得良好疗效。伴有癫痫者需行术中皮质脑电监测并根据术中发现决定手术策略。     

Central nervous system lesion in myotonic dystrophy--demonstrated by X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging]

We made an attempt to detect organic brain lesions in eight patients with myotonic dystrophy (MyD) using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patients comprised seven men and one woman with ages ranging from 41 to 58 years (average 47 +/- 5.3 years). Seven patients had intellectual impairment assessed using an intelligence quotient test (WAIS-R < 70). CT scans were obtained in the axial plane with a slice thickness of 10 mm, and MRI scans were performed on a 1.5 tesla system in the axial and coronal sections with a slice thickness of 8 mm. CT scans displayed both marked sulcal and prominent ventricular enlargement in 6 of the 8 patients, indicating the presence of brain atrophy, and 3 cases had a few paraventricular low density area in the cerebral hemispheres. In contrast to CT, MRI study revealed more widespread brain parenchymatous lesions in all the 8 cases, showing the multiple foci of high signal intensity with varying size in the white matter on T2-weighted images and proton density-weighted images. No visible changes were detected on CT or MRI in the brain stem and cerebellum. The present study demonstrated that there exist organic cerebral lesions, predominantly located in the white matter in patients with MyD, regardless of focal neurological symptoms. The parenchymatous lesions in the brain can be detected with MRI, and lesser extent with CT, and are considered to be intimately correlated with intellectual deterioration commonly seen in patients with MyD.     

烟雾病的诊断与鉴别诊断

目的 评价烟雾病的诊断方法，讨论其鉴别诊断。方法 回顾性分析11例烟雾病的CT、MRI及MRA资料，分析脑实质及脑血管的形态学改变。结果 CT及MRI表现为脑实质改变。脑出血3例，脑梗化6例，脑萎缩2例；MRA均见有不同程度的颈内动脉分叉以上狭窄或闭塞，其中双侧颈内动脉狭窄6例，单侧颈内动脉狭窄5例；大脑中动脉狭窄20支，大脑前动脉狭窄18支，大脑后动脉狭窄14支；9例同时显示异常血管网。结论 烟雾病主要靠放射学诊断，MRA可很好地显示烟雾病异常血管，可作为筛台烟雾病首选方法。诊断时，要排除脑中风、动脉瘤和动静脉畸形出血。     

Management of cerebral cavernous angiomas in children presenting with seizures

Until recently intracranial cavernous angiomas were thought to be rare vascular malformations that usually presented in adulthood as an intracerebral hemorrhage, an expanding mass lesion, or with the new onset of seizures. Prior to the advent of computed tomography (CT), and more recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), their diagnosis in childhood was extremely rare. However, the CT and MRI features of cavernous angioma are quite distinctive and allow early diagnosis and treatment. Advances in surgical techniques permit successful removal of these potentially devastating lesions and amelioration of the associated seizure disorder. Seven children with cerebral cavernous angiomas have been treated at the Children's Hospital Medical Center since 1980. Six children presented with seizures and one with an intracerebral hemorrhage. All had characteristic findings on CT and/or MRI and underwent surgical excision of symptomatic lesions. Intraoperative sonography, electrocorticography, and cortical mapping were used when indicated and were found to be helpful in the surgical management of these patients. Our experience suggests that symptomatic cerebral cavernous angiomas in children are not as rare as previously thought and that surgical treatment using modern neurosurgical techniques is both safe and appropriate and can be helpful in the management of associated seizures.     

A case of multiple intracranial cavernous angiomas presented with dementia and parkinsonism--clinical and MRI study for 10 years]

We report a case of multiple intracranial cavernous angiomas with serial clinical examination and with MRI imaging for 10 years. The patient, 72 years old woman, had slowly progressive postural tremor and Parkinsonism followed by dementia. Pathological confirmation of cavernous angioma was obtained. At the age of 62, brain MRI study demonstrated hydrocephalus, multiple small hypointensity dots in cerebellum and cerebral white matter, and reticulated cores predominantly adjacent to the ventricles on T2-weighted images. Serial MRI imaging shows that the number of small dots has markedly increased and that hypointense lesions surrounding reticulated core, corresponding to hemosidern deposit, have extended. This case indicates that probably due to chronic compression and continuous hemorrhage' multiple and long-standing intracranial lesions could cause dementia and Parkinsonism, which are uncommon symptoms of cavernous angioma.