乳腺良恶性病变的动态增强MR信号强度分析

目的:探讨动态增强MB信号强度在鉴别良恶性病变中的意义.方法:72例经手术及病理证实患者,观察和测量其MR信号强度,比较良恶件病变的MR平扫信号强度、动态增强时间-信号强度曲线和早期信号增强率、峰值信号增强率.结果:单以信号强度来说,平扫对于良恶性病变无统计学意义;动态增强时间-信号强度曲线中,良性病变以Ⅰ型曲线为主,占78.9%,而以乳腺痛为代表的恶性病变则以Ⅲ型曲线为主,占79.4%.乳腺癌诊断的敏感性为94.11%,特异性为79.41%,假阳性率为0.08%;早期信号强度增强率对于良恶性病变的鉴别具有统计学意义.结论:动态增强MR信号强度对于乳腺良恶性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有很高的临床价值,但本研究结果没有突破,对于定性困难的病灶,还需结合病灶形态学和临床表现及其他检查手段综合分析,以提高对乳腺疾病诊断的正确率.     

数字钼靶X线摄影与彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块的诊断价值

目的：评价数字钼靶X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声成像及二者联合应用在乳腺肿块性病变中的定性诊断价值。方法：73例乳腺肿块性病变,其中良性24例,恶性49例。所有病例均行数字钼靶X线摄影和彩色多普勒超声检查,两者单独及联合诊断并与病理结果对照。结果：数字钼靶X线摄影诊断乳腺癌的敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为89．80％、75．00％及84．93％,彩色多普勒超声为85．71％、83．33％及84．93％,二者联合检查为95．92％、91．67％及94．52％。彩色多普勒超声在诊断Ⅰ型及Ⅳ型乳腺病变上较钼靶具有明显的优势（P〈0．05）,钼靶在诊断Ⅱ、Ⅲ型的乳腺病变时准确度（62．50％）高于彩色多普勒超声（45．00％）,但两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：联合应用乳腺数字钼靶X线摄影检查和彩色多普勒超声成像可提高乳腺肿块性病变的定性诊断符合率。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺包块的临床价值

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断乳腺包块的临床价值。方法应用高频探头对85例各种原因引起的乳腺包块进行检查,所有病例均经手术及病理证实,并与超声诊断对照分析。结果85例乳腺包块经病理证实良性者32例,二维＋多普勒超声准确诊断30例,诊断符合率为93．8％;恶性者53例,二维＋多普勒超声准确诊断50例,诊断符合率为94．3％,且无论良性或恶性,二维＋多普勒超声诊断符合率均较单纯二维声像图诊断率高。结论二维声像图结合彩色多普勒检查可大大提高诊断的正确率,对乳腺疾病的早期发现及良恶性鉴别具有重要意义。     

数字化X线钼靶检查对女性乳腺疾病诊断的价值

目的：研究乳腺良、恶性病变的钼靶影像学特征,评价钼靶影像学对乳腺良、恶性病变诊断的临床价值及早期发现乳腺癌的意义。方法对2010年2月至2011年3月100例经病理证实乳腺良恶性病变病例,进行回顾性钼靶影像学分析研究。结果乳腺良性病变64例,术前钼靶检查诊断符合51例,正确率为80％;乳腺恶性病变36例,术前钼靶检查诊断符合31例,正确率为86％。结论数字化钼靶摄影对乳腺良、恶性病变鉴别诊断优越于超声检查,诊断早期乳腺癌有其独特优势。     

彩色多普勒血流显像与超声弹性成像联合诊断BI-RADS4类乳腺病变

目的 探讨彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)与超声弹性成像(UE)联合诊断乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)4类乳腺病变的价值.资料与方法 132例BIRADS4类乳腺病变,根据病变血流Adler半定量分级及弹性评分对BI-RADS分类进行调整,绘制ROC曲线,比较BI-RADS分类及校正BI-RADS分类.结果 132例病灶中,良性病灶75个,恶性病灶57个.CDFI诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为87.72％,特异度为48.00％,准确度为65.15％;UE诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为87.72％,特异度为61.33％,准确度为72.73％.校正BI-RADS分类诊断4类乳腺病变的ROC曲线下面积为0.845,明显高于BI-RADS分类的0.760 (Z=2.963,P＜0.01).结论 CDFI联合UE可以明显提高对BI-RADS 4类乳腺病变的诊断准确率,有效减少不必要的术前活检.     

钼靶与磁共振检查对乳腺疾病诊断的对比研究

目的:比较全数字化X线钼靶摄影检查、磁共振动态增强序列及扩散加权序列诊断乳腺疾病的敏感性和特异性,探讨三者对乳腺疾病诊断的价值与局限性。方法:对50例乳腺疾病患者,分别行X线钼靶摄影检查、磁共振动态增强序列及扩散加权序列处理。病理证实恶性病变29例,34个病灶;良性病变21例,29个病灶。统计分析X线钼靶摄影、MR动态增强检查和病灶ADC值对全部病变诊断的准确率、敏感性、特异性。结果:X线钼靶摄影与MRI动态增强曲线诊断符合度比较(χ2=6.612,P=0.0092<0.01),X线钼靶摄影与MRI的DWI诊断符合度比较(χ2=4.375,P=0.0395<0.05),有统计学意义,MRI的TIC与ADC的诊断符合度比较(χ2=0.259,P=0.610>0.05),无统计学意义。结论:X线钼靶摄影对乳腺疾病检出的敏感性较高,特异性较差。乳腺MR动态增强序列及扩散加权序列诊断乳腺疾病的敏感性及特异性均高于X线钼靶摄影。两种MR扫描序列对乳腺疾病影像学诊断具有重要价值。     

磁共振动态增强、扩散加权成像联合应用对乳腺病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨单一磁共振动态增强扫描诊断试验、扩散加权成像诊断试验及其联合应用对乳腺病变定性诊断的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比,比较其诊断效能。方法：对临床拟诊肿块的患者37例,同时进行动态增强扫描和扩散加权成像检查,均获得手术和病理证实,其中良性病灶18个,恶性病灶19个。对病变的边缘、形态特征、动态增强表现及时间一信号强度曲线采用评分法对病变性质分恶性、可疑恶性及良性三组进行判断。参照动态增强病变位置确定扩散图像病变所在,描记扩散图像上病变的感兴趣区,由软件计算获得表观扩散系数（ADC）值。对获取数据进行统计分析,采用t检验统计学方法进行良性和恶性ADC值比较。联合动态增强扫描和ADC值,采用评分法根据积分情况进行综合定性诊断。比较动态增强扫描、DWI ADC值及联合应用对乳腺病变定性诊断效能。结果：动态增强扫描（病灶边缘、形态学表现结合时间-信号强度曲线）诊断乳腺病变的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为89．5％、72．2％和3．221、0．146。良性病变组ADC值1．474±0．441（×100^-3mm^2／s）,恶性病变组ADC值1．082±0．160（×10^-3mm^2／s）,两者间有显著统计学差异（P=0．002,〈0．05）。ADC值诊断敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为94．7％、66．7％和2．842、0．079。动态增强扫描和DWI-ADC值联合诊断的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比、阴性似然比分别为94．7％、83．3％和5．684、0．063。结论：磁共振动态增强、扩散加权成像联合应用对乳腺病变的定性诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性似然比、阴性似然比均较单一动态增强扫描或扩散成像诊断效能强。     

磁共振动态增强扫描诊断乳腺病变的应用价值

 目的 探讨磁共振动态增强扫描诊断乳腺病变的应用价值.方法 对40例乳腺疾病患者(33个良性病灶,24个恶性病灶)分别进行磁共振平扫和动态增强扫描检查,分析病灶强化的形态特征,测量动态增强的时间-信号强度曲线分布类型、峰值时间和早期增强率.结果 多数病灶在磁共振平扫时未被检出,结合增强后的形态特征对乳腺癌的检出敏感性为75.0%,特异性为69.7%,准确性为71.9%.良、恶性病灶时间-信号强度曲线、峰值时间及早期增强率分布的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),诊断敏感性分别为91.7%、87.5%和75.0%,特异性分别为87.9%、87.9%和84.8%,准确性分别为89.5%、87.7%和80.7%.联合上述指标诊断乳腺癌的敏感性为95.8%,特异性87.9%,准确性为91.2%.结论 时间-信号强度曲线、峰值时间及早期增强率在乳腺良、恶性病变诊断中具有较高的敏感性和特异性,结合增强的形态特征,对乳腺病变的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

超声弹性成像与常规超声联合应用在乳腺病灶良恶性鉴别上的价值

目的：探讨超声弹性成像在鉴别乳腺病变良恶性上的价值。材料和方法：对随机来我院检查的400例患者共433个乳腺病灶分别进行常规超声及弹性超声检查，结果与病理对照。结果：常规超声成像和弹性成像在鉴别乳腺病灶良恶性上价值相当（灵敏度、特异度及正确率分别为84．8％、82．8％及83．6％和83．6％、78．2％及80．4％，P〉0．05），但联合应用2种技术灵敏度提高至93．0％，比常规超声检查显著提高（P≤0．01）。结论：超声弹性成像对乳腺恶性病变较敏感，能帮助诊断常规超声较难鉴别的良恶性病变，两者联合应用可进一步提高超声技术的鉴别诊断能力。     

乳腺疾病磁共振扫描方案的优化选择

探讨磁共振多种扫描序列及方法诊断乳腺良、恶性疾病的应用价值,旨在为临床确定最优磁共振乳腺扫描方案。对42例乳腺疾病患者分别进行磁共振平扫和动态增强扫描及部分DWI、DWIBS检查,与手术病理结果对照,分析各种方法诊断价值及临床意义。多数病灶在磁共振平扫无特征性价值,联合动态增强各项标准诊断乳腺癌的敏感度为95.8%,特异度87.9%,准确度为91.2%;恶性组ADC值明显低于良性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以ROC曲线确定的诊断阈值为1.542×10-3mm2/s。以此值作为良、恶性判断界值,敏感度83.3%,特异度85.7%,诊断效果较好。5例DWIBS检查,观察到淋巴结转移及病灶远处转移灶,敏感性很高,适合乳腺多病变中心的观察及乳腺肿瘤的筛检和乳腺癌患者治疗前后的评估。时间-信号强度曲线、峰值时间及早期增强率,DWI在鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变方面具有较高的敏感性和特异性,DWIBS亦具有较高的敏感性,结合各种扫描方法的良恶性评判标准,对良、恶性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值,且优化出临床最佳磁共振乳腺扫描方案。     

联合应用彩超、钼靶、MRI对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

 目的 探讨联合应用彩超、钼靶、MRI对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2018-01至2019-10医院收治的118例术前完善了彩超、钼靶、MRI检测的早期乳腺癌可疑患者的临床资料,以术后病理诊断为金标准,比较彩超、钼靶、MRI与三者联合检测的灵敏度、特异度和准确率。结果 118例患者中,术前检测可疑为乳腺癌:彩超87例,钼靶88例,MRI 92例,三者联合检测103例;术前检测乳腺良性病变:彩超31例,钼靶33例,MRI26例,三者联合检测15例;术后病理诊断乳腺癌106例,乳腺良性病变12例。灵敏度分别为:彩超79.25％,钼靶80.19％,MRI 84.91％,三者联合97.17％;特异度分别为:彩超75.00％,钼靶75.00％,MRI 83.33％,三者联合100.00％;准确率分别为:彩超78.81％,钼靶79.66％,MRI 84.75％,三者联合97.46％。在灵敏度、特异度和准确率方面,彩超、钼靶、MRI三者联合检测高于各单项检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 联合应用彩超、钼靶、MRI检测早期乳腺癌,在灵敏度、特异度和准确率方面有较大提升。     

How to optimize breast ultrasound

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer, and the second cause of cancer-related mortality of women in our society. Mammography is the gold-standard method of breast imaging. However it is not an optimal screening tool, especially in cases of dense breast parenchyma. Even when optimally performed, its sensitivity ranges between 69 and 90%. Ultrasound represents an additional diagnostic tool that raises the detection rate of benign and malignant breast lesions. It is the method of choice for differentiating solid from cystic lesions, for further characterizing mammographic findings and better appreciating palpable breast lesions. B-mode ultrasonography is used in every day practice. Harmonic imaging and compound imaging can be used to ameliorate the image contrast and resolution. Colour Doppler is used for studying lesion vascularization however there is no consensus as to whether it really permits to differentiate malignancies from benign lesions. New technical developments such as breast elastography, 3D ultrasound and dedicated ultrasound computed aided diagnosis (CAD) are promising methods for the future.     

Computer-assisted quantitative assessment of power Doppler US: effects of microbubble contrast agent in the differentiation of breast tumors

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To objectively quantify the effects of a microbubble contrast agent to differentiate breast tumors with power doppler ultrasound and to compare these results with color doppler ultrasound (CD US). METHODS: In 47 patients a microbubble contrast agent was injected intravenously. Computer-assisted quantitative assessment of the color pixel density was performed to evaluate the increase in Doppler signals. Results were compared to previously published results of a color Doppler ultrasound study. RESULTS: Peak color pixel density at contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound was higher for carcinomas than for benign tumors (P < 0.03). Time to peak enhancement was shorter in carcinomas than in benign tumors (P < 0.01). For both parameters, diagnostic accuracy of power Doppler ultrasound was 69 and 78%, and for color Doppler ultrasound 62 and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative assessment of contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound showed significant differences in malignant and benign breast tumors. Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound was higher compared to color Doppler ultrasound.     

Contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasound characteristics in hypervascular breast tumors: comparison with MRI

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasound (CE-US) in comparison with contrast-enhanced MR imaging (CE-MRI) in the discrimination of hypervascularized breast tumors. An additional CE-US of the breast was preoperatively performed in 40 patients with a hypervascular breast lesion detected on CE-MRI. The presence of blood flow signals and the morphological characteristics of the vessels in the breast lesions were evaluated pre- and post-contrast administration, as well as the dynamic aspects of the Doppler signal, including time interval to maximum signal enhancement and persistence of the signal enhancement. Twenty-three carcinomas and 17 fibroadenomas were explored. Considering initial signal enhancement > 100 % after the administration of contrast material as a criterion suggesting malignancy, CE-MRI showed a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 76.5 % in the detection of malignant breast tumors. Color Doppler signals were consistently demonstrated in all carcinomas and in 68.7 % of fibroadenomas after the administration of Levovist, with CE-US showing a sensitivity of 95.6 % and a specificity of 5.9 %. Neither the mean number of vessels per tumor, nor the location of vessels, the time to maximum increase of the Doppler signal or the persistence of signal enhancement showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. Additional CE-US does not increase the low specificity of MRI in patients with hypervascularized breast tumors. Received: 17 July 2000 Revised: 22 August 2000 Accepted: 24 August 2000     

X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声和立体定位穿刺对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨X线摄影、彩色多普勒超声（简称彩超）和立体定位穿刺对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值,提高其诊断率。方法 55例早期乳腺癌和25例乳腺良性病变均行两侧X线摄影、彩超检查,再经立体定位穿刺,作病理学检查。结果 在55例早期乳腺癌中,X线钼靶摄影诊断早期乳腺癌45例,其敏感性和特异性分别为82．0％和88．0％;彩超诊断早期乳腺癌43例,其敏感性和特异性分别为78．2％和84．0％,准确性为80．0％;立体定位穿刺诊断早期乳腺癌53例,其敏感性和特异性分别为96．4％和92．0％,准确性为95．0％,无假阳性。综合影像诊断早期乳腺癌54例,其敏感性和特异性分别为98．2％和96．0％,准确性为97．5％。结论X线摄影、彩超和立体定位穿刺联合应用,可提高早期乳腺癌诊断的敏感性和准确性。     

乳腺疾病的动态增强MRI研究

目的　评价动态增强MRI对乳腺良、恶性病变的诊断价值。方法　对 63例临床疑为乳腺疾病的患者进行前瞻性常规MRI平扫和动态增强MRI扫描。分析比较良、恶性病变的形态学及强化特征 ,根据MRI表现鉴别良、恶性疾病 ,并与X线及病理结果比较。结果　 63例患者共计 78个病灶 ,恶性 33个 ,良性 45个。动态增强MRI根据病变的形态学和强化特征诊断乳腺良、恶性病变的准确率为 92 %。结论　动态增强MRI能清晰显示乳腺病变并作出定性诊断 ,因而是评价乳腺疾病的一种有效的影像学方法。     

Contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast MRI for characterization of breast lesions: increased specificity by using vascular maps

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating benign from malignant breast masses and subsequently to test if specificity could be further improved by scoring of the overall ipsilateral breast vascularity. Materials and methods: Fifty-four patients were prospectively enrolled in the study and underwent contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast MRI. MR images were evaluated and classified according to the MRI BI-RADS lexicon criteria. Lesion size, number of lesions, and localization in the breast were systematically assessed. Maximum intensity projections (MIPS) were obtained by using high-resolution contrast-enhanced (0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol) fat-saturated T1-weighted images. Breast vascularization was scored according to the methods from Sardanelli et al. by measuring the number, diameter, and length of the vessels on the MIPS. The score ranged from 0 (indicating absent or low breast vascularity) to 3 (indicating high breast vascularity). Results: Final analysis of 56 lesions revealed 25 (45%) malignant lesions and 31 (55%) benign lesions. Correlation with the MRI BI-RADS classification revealed cancer in none (0%) of the BI-RADS II lesions, in 1 (12%) of the BI-RADS III lesions, in 5 (83%) of the BI-RADS IV lesions, and in 19 (100%) of the BI-RADS V lesions. Based on morphologic and kinetic data analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of 3.0-T breast MRI was 100% (25/25) and 74% (23/31), respectively. After adjustment for the breast vascularity score, specificity significantly (p = 0.048) increased to 87% (27/31) without affecting sensitivity. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced 3.0-T breast MRI increased significantly when the vascularity score was added to the standard morphologic and kinetic data analysis, resulting in a specificity of 87% without affecting sensitivity, which remained 100%.     

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography compared to gray-scale and power doppler in the diagnosis of peripheral lymphadenopathy

Objectives

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography compared to gray-scale B-mode and power Doppler in distinction between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy.

Methods

In a prospective study ultrasonography was performed in 133 patients with superficial lymphadenopathy (73 men, 60 women; mean age of 51 years, range: 18–86 years), who were examined for palpable mass in the neck, axilla or groin (104/133) and for clinical suspicion of lymphoma on the basis of positive PET/CT (29/133). 133 nodes were examined, subsequently preoperatively localized under ultrasound guidance and surgically removed; longitudinal to transverse ratio, location of nodal vessels by power Doppler and pattern of enhancement by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography with 1.5 ml intravenous bolus of sulphur hexafluoride contrast agent were documented. The ultrasound findings were compared with the histology.

Results

Of all the nodes extirpated, 33 were benign, 100 were malignant (40 metastases, 60 lymphomas). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of conventional techniques were 72%, 63.6%, 85.7%, 42.9%, 67.8% for longitudinal to transverse ratio; 73%, 60.6%, 84.9%, 42.6%, 68.3% for power Doppler versus 98.0%, 54.5%, 86.7%, 90.0%, 76.3% for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography according to Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis.

Conclusions

Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis confirmed higher degree of diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in comparison with conventional techniques. Evaluation of nodal perfusion after intravenous administration of microbubble contrast agent can be helpful in differentiation of benign from malignant nodes.     

Characterization of breast lesions with CE-MR multimodal morphological and kinetic analysis: comparison with conventional mammography and high-resolution ultrasound

Objective

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance mammography and comparison with conventional mammography and ultrasonography in cases of women with suspicious breast lesions.

Subjects and methods

Sixty-nine women (age range 39–68 years) with 78 focal breast lesions were examined with mammography, ultrasonography and dynamic magnetic resonance mammography. The lesions were classified according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon of the American College of Radiology for each diagnostic method. Histological reports were available after biopsy or surgical excision of the lesions.

Results

Pathological examination confirmed that 53 lesions were malignant and 25 benign. Conventional mammography estimated a total of 59/78 lesions as malignant with 44 true positive lesions, ultrasonography estimated a total of 50/78 lesions as malignant with 44 true positive lesions and magnetic resonance mammography estimated a total of 66/78 lesions as malignant with 52 true positive lesions. Sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance mammography in the diagnosis of malignancy was 98.1% and 44%, of conventional mammography 83% and 40% and of ultrasonography 83% and 76%. Negative predictive value for magnetic resonance mammography was 91.7%, for ultrasonography 67.9% and for mammography 52.6% for malignancies.

Conclusion

Magnetic resonance mammography has the highest negative predictive value compared with mammography and ultrasound in cases of suspicious breast lesions. The combination of morphologic and enhancement criteria can improve the diagnostic capability of magnetic resonance mammography (MRM) in breast lesion characterization.