Clinical study on effect of shenbing mixture in reducing recurrence of simple nephrotic syndrome of children

Objective

To observe the effect of Shenbing Mixture (SBM) of the recurrence of simple nephrotic syndrome of children.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients treated with SBM combined with prednisone were observed and compared with those in the control group treated with prednisone alone.

Results

The 1-year recurrence rate of the treated group was 14. 3% , which was obviously lower than that in the control group (59.3%,P<0. 01). Serum level of Cortisol, IgG, IgA, CD₃, CD₄, CD₄/ CD₈ ratio and rosette formation rate of RBC-C₃b in patients before treatment were all significantly lower than normal range. After being treated with SBM combined with prednisone, the above-mentioned indexes were all improved significantly and close to normal.

Conclusion

SBM had obvious effect in reducing recurrence of nephrotic syndrome in children, the mechanism is closely related to multiple pathways, including adjustment of T-lym-phocyte dysfunction, improving humoral immunity and RBC immune function, and promoting the recovery of adrenal cortex function.     

Bailong tablet and chemotherapy in the treatment of moderate and advanced cancersand chemotherapy in the treatment of moderate and advanced cancers

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of Bailong Tablet and chemotherapy on treatment of moderate and advanced cancers.Methods: The patients were divided randomly into two groups. The treated group (n= 41) was treated with chemotherapy plus Bailong Tablet; and the control group (n= 22) treated with chemotherapy alone. Treatment effectiveness was measured with Karnofsky scores.Results: Karnofsky performance status in the treated group before and after treatment was 66.0 ± 8.7 and 68.0 ± 5.9 respectively, that in the control group was 67. 0 ± 6.8 and 53. 0 ± 7.3 respectively. The completion rate of chemotherapy in the treated group (92.6%, 38/41) was higher than that in control (77.2%, 17/22,P < 0.05). The side-effects caused by chemotherapy in the treated group were lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). CD₃ ⁺, CD₄ ⁺ and CD₄ ⁺ /CD₈ ⁺ ratio were higher in the treated group.Conclusion: Bailong Tablet can enhance the therapeutic effect and reduce the side-effects of chemotherapy. One possible mechanism is the modulation of cellular immune function.     

Effect of Interstitial Chemotherapy with Ricin Temperature-Responsive Gel for Anti-Breast Cancer and Immune Regulation in Rats

Objective:To explore the effect of ricin temperature response gel on breast cancer and its regulatory effect on immune function in rats.Methods:Ricin was purified by chromatography and identified by immunoblotting.The rat subcutaneously transplanted breast cancer model was established.Forty model rats with a tumor diameter of about 3.0 cm were subjected to the study.They were randomized into four groups equally:the model group and three treated groups(blank gel,ricin,ricin-gel) were administered with blank gel, ricin,and ricin temperature response gel via percutaneous intratumor injection,respectively.The tumor was isolated 10 days later for the estimation of tumor inhibition rate(TIR) by weighing,pathologic examination,and detection of tumor apoptosis-associated genes bcl-2 and bax with semiquantitative RT-PCR.Also,peripheral blood was obtained to test T-lymphocyte subsets,the killing function of lymphocytes,and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-2(IL-2).The outcomes were compared between groups.Results:The TIR in the ricin-gel group was 61.8%,with the pathologic examination showing extensive tumor tissue necrosis. Compared with the model group,after ricin temperature response gel treatment,bcl-2 expression was down- regulated,bax expression was up-regulated,CD4~+ lymphocytes and CD4~+/CD8~+ ratio in peripheral blood were increased,the killing function of lymphocytes was enhanced,and the contents of TNF-αand IL-2 were elevated (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion:Intratumor injection of ricin temperature-responsive gel showed significant antitumor effect on breast cancer and could enhance the immune function in the tumor-bearing rat.     

A randomized controlled trial comparing total glucosides of paeony capsule and compound glycyrrhizin tablet for alopecia areata

Objective:To observe the efficacy and safety of total glucosides of paeony capsule(TGPC)in patients with mild and moderate alopecia areata.Methods:A total of 86 outpatients were randomly allocated into two groups of TGPC(treatment,44 cases)and compound glycyrrhizin tablet(control,42 cases).The treatment group was given oral TGPC,three times daily and 600 mg per time;the control group was given oral compound glycyrrhizin tablets,three times daily and 50 mg per time.In addition,both groups were given 10 mg of vitamin B2 and tapped the bold patches with massage.The treatment course was three months for both groups.Peripheral blood T-cell subsets(CD3~+CD4~+,CD3~+CD8~+,Th,Ts,Th/Ts)of 10 patients randomly selected from each group respectively were tested before and after three months of treatment.The effectiveness and adverse reaction of all cases were observed each month.The safety was evaluated according to the incidence rate of adverse reaction. Results:In the treatment group,the cured and markedly effective rate was 36.36%(16/44),50.00%(22/44)and 68.18%(30/44)at the end of first,second and third month of treatment,respectively,and the incidence rate of adverse reaction was 13.64%(6/44).In the control group,the cured and markedly effective rate was 38.10% (16/42),57.14%(24/42)and 71.43%(30/42),respectively,and the incidence rate of adverse reaction was 16.67%(7/42).The cured and markedly effective rate and the incidence rate of adverse reaction were similar in both groups(P>0.05).TGPC and compound glycyrrhizin tablet can inhibit CD3~+CD4~+ and CD3~+CD8~+,and decrease the ratio of Th/Ts(P<0.05).Conclusion:TGPC is effective and safe in the treatment of alopecia areata.     

异常黑胆质证：长期身心压力对动物模型内分泌和免疫活性作用的结果

Objective: To investigate the relationship between emotional status, cold-dry environment and long-term immune responses to the stressors, and the potential pathological mechanisms between causative factors of abnormal Savda syndrome (ASS) and the susceptibility to disease; thus to clarify the ASS, and secondly to identify the optimal ASS animal model for further studies on traditional Uighur therapeutical formulations. Methods: Sixty mice were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: control and 3 stress groups. The cold-dry environment was applied by keeping the mice in a climatic chamber. The emotional stress was induced by the application of the repeated electric foot-shocks in the electric foot-shock apparatus. The mice of the combined stress group underwent the repeated electric foot-shock treatment before being housed in the climatic chamber. The experimental routine was repeated for 21 days. In order to look into endocrine and immune stress responses, ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of the hormones corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Beta-endorphin (β-END) and corticosterone (CORT), of the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and of the immunoglobulins immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed in duplicate in order to determine differences in the T cell ratio. Results: In the cold-dry environment group, the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT were significantly higher than those of the control group, whereas serum β-END was not found significantly different. In both the repeated electric foot-shock group as well as in the combined stress group the serum levels of CRH, ACTH, β-END and CORT were significantly higher. Compared to the control animals, the serum concentration of INF-γ was significantly lower in all three different stress groups. The serum level of IL-2 was decreased in the combined stress group whereas the serum TNF-α level was significantly higher. The serum IgG level was significantly higher in all three stress groups, whereas the IgA level was lower in both chronic electric foot-shock group and combined stress group. The IgM level was found significantly higher in the combined stress group only. The percentage of CD4+ cells in peripheral blood was dramatically decreased in mice exposed to cold-dry environment, chronic electric foot-shock and combined stress, whereas the percentage of the CD8+ subset was not significantly different. The CD4+/CD8+ ratios were markedly lower in both cold-dry environment group and combined stress group. Conclusions: Combined stress can cause hyperactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance in the Th1/Th2 cell subset may contribute to illustrate the partial pathological mechanisms of ASS. This study identified this animal model of a combination of physical and emotional stress as an optimal model for further studies on ASS and relative therapies.     

Clinical observation on patients with endometriosis treated by tonifying Kidney and removing blood stasis

Endometriosisisacommonlyandfrequentlyencounteredgynecologicaldisease.FollowingthetheoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM),'theKidneyisinchargeofreproduction",andi'theafterbirthandfetusareconnectedwiththeKidneyi',togetherwiththefollowingmanifestationsofendometriosis:dysmenorrhea,infertility,irregularmenstruation,dyspareunia,tinnitus,lassitudeintheloinandknees,hyposexuality,havingnodesandmasses,etc.,weholdthattheSyndromeDifferentiationforendometriosisshouldbe)'Kidneydeficiencyandbloodstasis"(l…     

Changes in T cell subsets and T suppressor cell function and their relationship in human schistosomiasis japonica

Summary The function of spontaneous T suppressor cell (STs) of peripheral blood was examined in 56 patients with schistosomiasis japonica at various stages. The subsets of T cell were simultaneously phenotyped in 46 cases. The percentages of CD₃ ⁺(pan T cell), CD₄ ⁺ (helper/inducer T cell) and CD₈ ⁺ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cell) in patients with acute schistosomiasis japonica were significantly higher than those in the normal controls. In patients with chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica, the percentage of CD₈ ⁺ T cell and the function of STs were greatly increased, but the percentage of CD₃ ⁺ T cell and the ratio of CD₄ ⁺/CD₈ ⁺ were obviously reduced. All of these markers changed more significantly in patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The percentage of CD₈ ⁺ T cell in patients with acute schistosomiasis japonica was negatively correlated with the function of STs. In patients with chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica the percentage of CD₈ ⁺ T cell was correlated positively and the ratio of CD₄ ⁺/CD₈ ⁺ negatively with the function of STs. The results indicated that the cellular immunity was significantly increased in cases of acute schistosomiasis japonica and decreased in those with chronic or advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The increased CD₈ ⁺ T cell may be principally cytotoxic T cells in patients with acute schistosomiasis japonica, but suppressor T cells in patients with chronic and advanced schistosomiasis japonica. The subsets of T cells and the function of T suppressor cells may play an important role in the immunoregulation of schistosomiasis japonica.     

Clinical Observation on Shuanghuanglian powder in treating viral myocarditis of childrenin treating viral myocarditis of children

Objective: To study immune function of children viral myocarditis and to evaluate the clinical effect of Shuanghuanglian Powder (SHLP) by injection.Methods: The 62 patients of viral myocarditis were divided into two groups randomly, the SHLP group (n = 32) treated with conventional therapy plus SHLP and the conventional treatment group (n = 30) with conventional therapy alone. Their serum antibody of Coxsackie virus group B (COXB-IgM), T-lymphocyte subsets including CD₃ ⁺, CD₄ ⁺, CD₈ ⁺ and CD₄ ⁺/CD₈ ⁺ were determined with ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent assay.Results: COXB-IgM was positive in 39 of the 62 patients, which was significantly different with those of normal controls (P< 0.001). Patients’ serum level of CD₄ ⁺ cells and CD₄ ⁺/CD₈ ⁺ ratio decreased while CD₈ ⁺ increased. After treatment, the recovery of symptoms, signs and immune function in patients of the SHLP group were significantly better than those in patients treated with conventional treatment alone (P<0.01).Conclusion: Immunoregulatory disturbance is involved in children with viral myocarditis and SHLP is an effective drug in the treatment of children viral myocarditis.     

Study of T Cell subsets and IL-7 protein expression in HIV-1-infected patients after 7 years HAART

Objective

To study the changes in T cell subsets and IL-7 in HIV-1-infected patients after seven years of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methods

Seventy-five individuals were included in this study (25 with effective HAART, 18 with ineffective HAART, 17 untreated HIV+ patients, and 15 volunteers in the HIV negative control group). The counts of CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD8/CD38⁺, and CD8/HLADR⁺ T cells as well as the IL-7 protein expression was measured at 5 time points during a period of seven years in patients starting HAART (baseline) and in the HIV negative control group. The expression of CD127 on CD3⁺ T cells was measured by flow cytometry at a single time point (after 7 years) in patients with HAART and was compared with untreated HIV+ patients and the HIV negative control group.

Results

At baseline CD4⁺ T cell counts of HIV-1-infected patients were lower than that in the control group (p < 0.01), whereas the CD8⁺, CD8/HLADR⁺ and CD8/CD38⁺ T cell counts were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.01). After seven years of effective HAART, the CD4⁺ T cell counts had increased and the CD8⁺ T cell count had decreased, although not to the normal levels (p < 0.05). Both the CD8/HLADR⁺ and CD8/CD38⁺ T cell counts had gradually approached those of the control group (p > 0.05). In the ineffective HAART group, the CD8/CD38⁺ T cell count had not decreased significantly, and CD8/HLADR⁺ T cell count gradually decreased. Before treatment, IL-7 serum levels of patients were significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01). After seven years of effective HAART, IL-7 levels had gradually decreased, but were still higher than in the control group (p < 0.01). The CD127 expression on CD3⁺ CD8⁺ T cells in effective HAART patients was higher than in untreated HIV+ patients (p < 0.05), but was lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). CD127 expression on CD3⁺ CD4+ T cells was not significantly different among the control group, untreated HIV+ patients and effective HAART group.

Conclusion

After seven years of effective HAART, the quantity and capacity of T cell subsets and IL-7 in HIV-1-infected patients had been partially restored, and the abnormal immune activation has significantly diminished.

     

Logistic regression analysis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis: A perspective in Chinese medicine

<正>Objective:To investigate a method for quantitative differential diagnosis of damp-heat and cold-damp impeding syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in Chinese medicine(CM).Methods:Laboratory parameters were collected from 306 patients with RA.The clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters were compared between patients with these two syndromes(158 with RA of damp-heat impeding syndrome,and 148 with RA of cold-damp impeding syndrome),and a regression equation was established to facilitate discrimination of the two RA syndromes.Results:There were significant differences in disease activity score in 28 joints[DAS28 (4)],erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),white blood cell count(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),platelet count(PLT),albumin(ALB)and globulin(GLB)between the two syndrome of RA(P0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the parameters ESR,WBC,CRP,joint pyrexia,joint cold,thirst,sweating,aversion to wind and cold,and cold extremities were statistically useful to discriminate damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome.The regression equation was as follows:P=1/{1+exp[-(3.0-0.021X_1-0.196X_2-0.163X_3- 1.559X_4+1.504X_5-0.927X_6-1.039X_7+1.070X_8+1.330X_9)]}.The independent variables X_1-X_9 were ESR,WBC, CRP,hot joint,cold joint,thirst,sweating,aversion to wind and cold,and cold limbs.A P value0.5 signified cold-damp impeding syndrome,and a P value0.5 signified damp-heat impeding syndrome.The accuracy was 90.2%.Conclusion:The regression equation may be useful for discriminating damp-heat from cold-damp impeding syndrome of RA.     

Effect of new zhengtian pill on expression of whole blood platelet membrane adhesion molecules in patients of migraine

Objective

To investigate the effect of New Zhengtian Pill (NZTP) on expression of whole blood platelet membrane adhesion molecules (PMAM) in patients of migraine.

Methods

Sixty-eight patients were divided into two groups, the 35 patients in the treated group treated by NZTP orally and the 33 patients in the control group treated by Fuguiqin Capsule with a therapeutic course of 30 days for both groups. Changes of PMAM GP II b/III a (CD₄₁) and P-selectin (CD₆₂P) were observed by flow-cytometry and compared with those in healthy persons.

Results

The markedly effective rate and total effective rate in the treated group was higher than those in the control group respectively (P<0.05 andP<0.01). The PMAM expression was also higher in patients, both at onset stage and intermittent stage, than in healthy persons (P<0.01), NZTP treatment could reduce their increased expression significantly (P<0.01).

Conclusion

NZTP could reduce the PMAM expression and inhibit the activation of platelet.     

三芪口服液对5/6肾切除的慢性肾衰大鼠细胞CD4+, CD8+ 及CD68+表达的作用

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine Sanqi Oral Liquid (三芪口服液), composed of Astragalus membranaceus and Panpax notoginseng, in alleviating renal injury by observing its effect on the expressions of CD4+, CD8+ and CD68+ cells in 5/6 nephrectomized rats with chronic renal failure. Methods: A total of 102 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: three treatment groups were administrated with high, medium and low dosage of Sanqi Oral Liquid respectively by gavage; a normal group, a 5/6 nephrectomized model group, and a group treated with coated aldehyde oxygenstarch were used as controls. Following oral administration of Sanqi Oral Liquid for 12 weeks, the general condition and renal pathological changes were observed, and the renal function, platelet count (PLT) and the expressions of CD4+, CD8+ and CD68+ cells were determined for each group. Results: There were roliferation of mesangial matrix, renaltubularnecrosis and obvious tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the model group, and they were much milder in the treatment groups. Compared with the model group, the amounts of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and PLT in the treatment groups decreased (P<0.05 for all); and in the group administrated of medium dosage of Sanqi Oral Liquid, the expression of CD4+ cells was up-regulated and those of CD8+ and CD68+ cells were down-regulated (P<0.05 for all), leading to an increased ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (P<0.01). Conclusion: Sanqi Oral Liquid has a significant effect on regulating lymphocyte subsets, reducing the infiltration of macrophages in renal tissues and alleviating tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and this may be one of mechanisms of Sanqi Oral Liquid in delaying the progression of chronic kidney diseases.     

Effect of Tiotropium Bromide on Expression of CD_8~＋CD_（25）~＋FoxP_3~＋ Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The expression of CD8+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells(CD8+Tregs) in the peripheral blood of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and the effect of muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist tiotropium bromide on the expression of CD8+Tregs were investigated.Twenty-three patients with moderate to severe stable COPD were enrolled in this study.All patients inhaled tiotropium bromide(18 μg daily) for 3 months.Before and after inhalation of tiotropium bromide,peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients,and T cells were labeled by three-color labeled monoclonal antibodies.Flow cytometry was used to detect the quantity and percentage of CD8+T cells,CD8+CD25+T cells,CD8+Tregs,CD4+T cells,CD4+CD25+T cells and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells(CD4+Tregs) respectively.The percentage of CD4+T cells was increased from(27.82±2.18)% to(35.53±1.3)%(t=3.20,P=0.004) in the peripheral blood of patients with stable COPD after inhalation of tiotropium bromide for 3 months,that of CD4+CD25+T cells was decreased from(10.03 ±1.42)% to(4.21 ±0.65)%(t=3.78,P=0.001),and that of CD8+Tregs was increased from(8.41 ±1.68)% to(21.34 ±4.20)%(t=2.72,P=0.013).At baseline,CD8+T cells,CD8+CD25+T cells and CD4+Tregs were detectable in the peripheral blood,but no significant changes were observed after treatment.Linear correlation analysis revealed that the difference before and after treatment in CD4+T cells and CD4+CD25+T cells was negatively correlated with the ratio of change in CD8+Tregs before and after treatment(r=-0.61,P=0.013;r=-0.72,P=0.001 respectively).In the peripheral blood of patients with stable COPD,there was the expression of CD8+Tregs and CD4+Tregs.Muscarinic receptor antagonist,tiotropium bromide,can promote the amplification of CD4+T cells,inhibit the expression of CD25+T cells,and enhance the expression of CD8+Tregs.CD8+Tregs and CD4+Tregs can be used as new indicators to understand the immune status of patients.They are helpful in judging the treatment efficacy and disease immunophenotype.     

IGF-1在妊娠期糖尿病胎盘组织中的表达及其对新生儿T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的 分析胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)胎盘组织中的表达及其对新生儿T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法选取本院GDM患者(研究组)和同期健康孕妇(对照组)各40例。两组孕妇均于胎儿、胎盘分娩后于胎盘中央带取材,行常规HE染色和IGF-1抗免疫组织化学染色,比较两组孕妇胎盘组织中IGF-1表达强度和分娩的新生儿T淋巴细胞亚群指标的差异,并进行相关性分析。结果研究组IGF-1表达强于对照组。IGF-1主要存在于滋养层上皮细胞胞浆和少数血管内皮细胞中。与对照组孕妇新生儿比较,研究组孕妇新生儿CD⁺₃、CD⁺₄、CD⁺₄/CD⁺₈显著较低,CD⁺₈显著较高。相关性分析结果显示孕妇胎盘组织中IGF-1表达强度与CD⁺₃、CD⁺₄、CD⁺₄/CD⁺₈呈正相关,与CD⁺₈呈负相关。结论GDM胎盘组织中的IGF-1表达水平较健康孕妇高,GDM胎盘组织中的高IGF-1表达可显著影响新生儿T淋巴细胞亚群,导致新生儿免疫功能低下。     

The Efficacy and Safety of Jitongning Capsule (脊痛宁胶囊) in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Objective:To confirm the efficacy and safety of Jitongning Capsule(脊痛宁胶囊) in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis(AS).Methods:A total of 120 AS patients with early-intermediate were randomly and equally assigned to Jitongning Capsule group and sulfasalazine group.Jitongning Capsule was orally taken 4.5 g per day and sulfasalazine was orally taken 2 g daily for 12 months.The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis 20(ASAS 20),secondary end points included Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index(BASDAI),Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index(BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index(BASMI),patient’s global assessment by VAS rating,spinal pain, general pain and night pain,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C-reactive protein(CRP).Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-4(IL-4) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of AS patients were measured.Results:A total of 111 patients completed the study.There were 58 patients in Jitongning group and 53 patients in sulfasalazine group.Both drugs showed mild and occasional side effects.After treated by Jitongning Capsule and sulfasalazine,the proportion of ASAS20 responders at 12 month was 72.41%(42/58) and 67.92%(36/53) respectively.Both Jitongning Capsule and sulfasalazine treatment induced significant decrease in the proportion of CD4~+T cell and CD8~+T cell expressing TNF-αand IFN-γat 12-month of treatment compared with baseline values(P<0.05).Conclusion:Jitongning Capsule are effective in a setting close to real-life medical care with a sustained improvement in signs and symptoms of AS,and reduce cytokine levels in PBMC.It showed comparable effects to sulfasalazine.     

The pattern of plasma sodium abnormalities in an acute elderly care ward: A cross-sectional study

Introduction

The combination of ageing, illness, and medications can lead to hyponatraemia or hypernatraemia.

Aims

To describe the distribution of plasma sodium levels in older patients admitted to hospital.

Methods

We carried out a hospital based cross-sectional study examining 1,511 serum sodium concentrations ([Na⁺]) among 336 elderly patients and attempted to elucidate the cause(s) of the abnormal serum [Na⁺].

Results

The study population had a mean age of 81.4. Ninety-two (27.4%) patients had hyponatraemia and seven patients (2.1%) had hypernatraemia during their hospitalisation. The distribution of [Na⁺] results was towards the lower end of the normal range. The mortality rate of patients with hyponatraemia was 14.1% and that of patients with normal serum [Na⁺] was 8.9%. Six patients with hypernatraemia died in hospital. Lower respiratory tsuract infection and medication accounted for the majority of cases.

Conclusions

Deranged [Na⁺] is common among elderly patients admitted to hospital.     

Determination of CD30 expression on peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome by FCM

Summary To determine the CD₃₀ expression on peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and its clinical implications, double immunofluorescence technique and flow cytometry were used. There was no significant difference among the severe group, mild-moderate group and normal control group in the CD+CD₃₀ T lymphocyte subset. While the CD₄ ⁺CD₃₀ ⁻ T cells of HFRS patients were increased and the difference between severe group and mild-moderate group or normal control group were very significant (P<0.01) and the difference between the mild-moderate group and normal control group was also significant (P<0.05). The CD₈ ⁺CD₃₀ ⁻ T cells were increased while the CD₈ ⁺CD₃₀ ^- T cells decreased obviously in HFRS patients, and the differences among three groups in both subsets were very significant (P<0.01). The results showed that the humoral immunity and cellular immunity are overactive in HFRS patients during acute phase. The loss of balance between T lymphocyte subsets may play an important role in the pathophysiology of HFRS and is closely correlated with the severity of the HFRS. This project is supported by the grant of the Ministry of Health (Serial No. 96-2-116).     

Separation and expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes of digestive systemin Vitro and their cytotoxicity

Summary Primary tumor tissues in the digestive system were harvested form 15 patients. By mincing, enzymatic digestion and gradient density separation, sufficient TILs (>5 × 10⁶) were obtained from 13 of 15 (88. 7 %) patientsin vitro in the presence of 500 μ/ml of recombinant interleukin-2 and 5 % fetal calf serum after one month culture. 92. 3 % (12/13) of TILs proliferated wellin vitro (92. 3%). TILs expanded from 10²-folds to 10³-folds after being cultured for one month. CD₂₅ ⁺ cell of the most fresh TILs was more than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. CD₂₅ ⁺ cells of TILs during 4th week of the culture was significantly greater (P <0. 01) than that of fresh TILs. CD₄ ⁺/CD₈ ⁺ ratio was decreased during four culture weeks because of increase of CD₈ cells. By using modified colonmetric MTT assay for measuring activity of TILs against various tumor cells the results showed that cytotoxicity of gastro-intestinal TILs amtologous tumor cells is greater than on the other tumor cells.     

自体CIK细胞对晚期不同阶段肿瘤患者免疫状态和生活质量的影响

目的 探讨自体细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）治疗晚期恶性肿瘤患者,对其免疫状态和生活质量的影响。方法 选取2013年2月至2016年3月合肥市第一人民医院血液肿瘤科收治的42例晚期肿瘤患者,按照预计生存期分为A组（预计生存期<3个月）20例、B组（预计生存期≥3个月）22例,检测治疗前后A、B组患者外周血T细胞亚群的变化。观察治疗前后A、B组患者免疫功能的变化,生活质量改善情况及治疗相关不良反应。结果 CIK细胞治疗后,A组患者CD₃⁺T细胞水平较治疗前降低（P<0.05）;B组治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺和CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺水平较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,CD₈⁺T淋巴细胞亚群水平较治疗前降低（P<0.05）。A、B两组患者治疗后KPS评分分别较治疗前均有提高,其中A组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,而B组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。42例患者在输注CIK过程中未出现明显不良反应。结论 CIK细胞回输安全、副作用小,自体CIK细胞治疗可提高晚期恶性肿瘤患者的免疫功能,改善其生活质量,但应尽早进行。     

Increased leptin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

Aim

Published data regarding the association of leptin levels with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are contradictory. To derive a more precise estimation of this relationship, a meta-analysis was performed.

Methods

Published literature from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library was obtained. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed-effects or random-effect model analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the Cochran Q and I ² statistics. The study quality was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results

A total of 20 studies including 998 RA patients and 692 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. Compared to healthy controls, RA patients had significantly higher leptin levels (SMD 1.19, 95 % CI 0.59–1.79). Subgroup analyses showed that region, race, age, body mass index (BMI), disease duration and disease activity were positively associated with plasma leptin levels in RA patients. Sensitivity analysis showed no significant change when any one study was excluded. Publication bias was also undetected.

Conclusions

The present meta-analysis suggested that leptin levels were higher in RA patients than those in healthy controls, which may be subject to different region, race, age, BMI, disease duration and disease activity.