Femoral neck narrowing after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing

We reviewed 40 Corin Cormet 2000 (Corin, Cirencester, UK) metal-on-metal resurfacing hips, in 36 patients, for the presence of femoral neck narrowing. A neck-to-prosthesis ratio was calculated by dividing the diameter of the femoral neck with that of the implant. This ratio was measured on plain anteroposterior pelvis radiographs taken immediately and 2 years postoperation. Subsequent radiographs were measured up to a maximum 7 years (mean, 5.3 years) postoperation. Femoral neck narrowing was observed in 90% of hips at 2 years, with the average neck narrowing ranging from a ratio of 0.865 to 0.811. Importantly, no further narrowing occurred beyond this point up to 7 years postoperation. We described a simple reproducible method of measuring neck narrowing on plain radiographs and discuss possible causal factors for neck narrowing after hip resurfacing.     

Complications after metal-on-metal hip resurfacing arthroplasty

This article determines the incidence and cause of the complications commonly associated with metal-on-metal hip resurfacing implants and the proposed methods to prevent these complications. The literature available in PubMed was reviewed. Complication rates after hip resurfacing are low, and the procedure has shown both safety and efficacy in the hands of surgeons trained in specialized centers. Proper surgical technique can further reduce the incidence of femoral neck fracture, component loosening, and abnormal wear of the prosthesis. A more systematic detection of adverse local tissue reactions is needed to provide accurate assessments of their prevalence.     

全髋表面置换术后发生股骨颈狭窄非手术相关危险因素分析

[目的]探讨全髋表面置换术(resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip,RSAH)术后发生股骨颈狭窄的非手术相关危险因素.[方法]回顾性分析行全髋表面置换术的患者53例(61髋),男31例,女22例;年龄26 ～ 54岁,平均45.3岁;体重指数(RMI)为20.4～37.8,平均为27.4.按病因学分类:股骨头坏死22例(26髋),先天性髋关节发育不良13例(15髋),骨性关节炎10例(12髋)和创伤性关节炎8例(8髋).观察术后股骨颈狭窄发生情况并分组,股骨颈狭窄率≥5％纳入研究组,＜5％列入对照组.对可能导致股骨颈狭窄的17个变量进行单因素分析,对差异有统计学意义的变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析.[结果]将37例(43髋)狭窄率＞0％且＜5％和未狭窄的病例纳入对照组;将16例(18髋)狭窄率≥5％的病例,纳入研究组.在研究组中,2例在术后1年于股骨头杯柄周围1、3区出现透光线;1例于术后2年出现假体松动、移位.单因素分析显示,体重指数、患髋疾病、颈干角、头颈比、股骨头囊肿大小及股骨假体柄固定方式6个变量差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);多因素分析显示,患髋疾病、颈干角、头颈比为独立危险因素(P值均＜0.05).[结论]髋关节原发病的诊断、头颈比、颈干角是全髋表面置换术术后股骨颈狭窄发生的非手术独立危险因素.     

Bipolar versus fixed-head hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients

Between 2002 and 2007, fifty elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures were treated with hip replacement at Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University. Patients were randomly selected, 25 patients had either cemented or cementless bipolar prosthesis, and another 25 patients had either cemented or cementless fixed-head prosthesis. There were 34 women and 16 men with an average age of 63.5 years (range between 55 and 72 years). All patients were followed up both clinically and radiologically for an average 4.4 years (range between 2 and 6 years). At the final follow-up, the average Harris hip score among the bipolar group was 92 points (range between 72 and 97 points), while the fixed-head group was 84 points (range between 65 and 95 points). Radiologically, joint space narrowing more than 2 mm was found in only 8% (2 patients) among the bipolar group, and in 28% (7 patients) of the fixed-head group. Through the follow-up period, total hip replacement was needed in two cases of the bipolar group and seven cases of the fixed-head group. Bipolar hemiarthroplasty offered a better range of movement with less pain and more stability than the fixed-head hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.     

金属对金属髋关节表面置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床研究

目的探讨金属对金属(MOM)髋关节表面置换术治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的早期临床疗效。方法对18例AS累及髋关节患者(23髋)行MOM髋关节表面置换术,术后定期随访,比较手术前后Harris评分、UCLA活动评分和影像学变化。结果术后平均随访20个月(6～36个月),Harris评分由术前(44±7)分上升到术后(89±6)分,UCLA活动评分由术前(2.4±1.15)分上升到术后(6.5±0.5)分,无感染、关节脱位、深静脉血栓形成、神经损伤和假体周围骨折等并发症的发生,术后X线检查假体无松动和移位。结论 MOM髋关节表面置换术治疗AS能够明显缓解患者症状,改善关节功能。     

金对金解剖直径头微创全髋关节置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的近期疗效对照研究

目的探讨金对金解剖直径头和常规小直径头(28mm)全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)微创技术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者的临床疗效。方法 2006年1月至2007年12月间因股骨颈骨折在我中心行微创全髋关节置换手术并获得完整资料的高龄(70岁)患者61例61髋,其中采用常规直径头股骨头全髋关节假体(对照组)30例30髋,采用金对金大直径股骨头全髋关节假体(观察组)31例31髋。分析两组术后2周、6周髋关节活动范围,术后2年假体脱位率以及Harris评分结果的差异。结果术后对照组脱位2例6次,观察组0例。观察组的Harris评分优秀率高于对照组;术后2周(除后伸动作外)和6周的髋关节活动度均大于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论采用金对金解剖直径头THA微创技术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者,具有术后早期髋关节稳定性提高、主动活动范围增加、术后脱位率降低等优点,近期疗效满意。     

影响髋关节表面置换术后关节功能恢复的多因素分析

目的探讨影响股骨头缺血性坏死患者行髋关节表面置换术后关节功能恢复的因素。方法1997年6月至2008年7月对股骨头缺血性坏死患者45例47髋行半髋关节表面置换,男25例,女20例;年龄29—49岁,平均36．6岁。应用Harris髋关节评分对疗效进行评定。研究患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、职业、病因、Ficat分期、髋部手术史、股骨假体柄干角、术后开始锻炼时间等相关因素,在单因素分析基础上应用Logistic回归模型作多因素分析。应用SPSS13．0进行统计学分析,其中Harris髋关节评分作为因变量,分为优、较好、良、差4类,其中前2类视为功能恢复满意。结果45例患者随访1—11年,平均8．6年。Harris髋关节评分：优15例,较好20例,良8例,差2例,满意率为77．8％。单因素分析结果发现患者的体重指数、Ficat分期、股骨假体柄干角、术后开始锻炼时间4个因素与髋关节功能恢复显著相关（P〈0．05）。Logistic回归发现此4个因素是影响髋关节功能恢复的主要因素。结论体重指数、Ficat分期、股骨假体柄干角、术后锻炼时间可明显影响髋关节表面置换术后功能恢复。     

股骨近端缩短及全髋置换术治疗陈旧股骨颈骨折伴严重髋关节脱位

目的 探讨陈旧股骨颈骨折伴严重髋关节脱位的有效治疗方法及临床疗效。方法 自1996年4月采用股骨近端缩短及全髋置换术治疗7例陈旧股骨颈骨折伴严重的髋关节脱位的患者。结果 7例患者平均为51岁,术后随访平均为27．3个月,在近期随访过程中,按Harris评分由手术前的36．7分增加至术后84．3分,髋臼及股骨柄假体位置良好,未出现假体松动和下沉,也未出现截骨处骨不愈合。结论 股骨近端缩短及全髋置换术治疗陈旧股骨颈骨折伴严重髋关节脱位,近期疗效十分满意,其后期疗效有待进一步随访观察。     

Femoral neck fractures after hip resurfacing

Femoral neck fracture is an important early complication after hip resurfacing. Our aims were firstly to determine the incidence of fracture in an independent series and secondly, in a case control study, to investigate potential risk factors. Fifteen femoral neck fractures occurred in a series of 842 procedures, representing an incidence of 1.8%. No relationship existed between age, sex, and fracture incidence. Mechanical factors such as notching, femoral neck lengthening, and varus alignment of the femoral component were found to have a similar incidence in both fracture and control groups. The proportion of patients that had at least 1 mechanical risk factor was not different between the 2 groups (fracture group, 50%; control group, 41%). Established avascular necrosis of the femoral head was evident in all retrieved femoral heads (n = 9) of patients who sustained postoperative fracture; in none of these patients was avascular necrosis the initial diagnosis. This study suggests that in our practice, mechanical factors, such as neck notching, neck lengthening, or varus angulations, are not the primary cause of femoral neck fractures.     

Imaging of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing

Conventional radiography is the primary imaging modality to evaluate the condition of hip resurfacing implants and the preferred method of assessing implant stability over time. Radiographs assess the angle of inclination of the femoral and acetabular components, implant stability, and femoral neck narrowing. Ultrasonography detects solid or soft tissue masses adjacent to the implant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects osteolysis and complications in the periprosthetic soft tissues such as wear-induced synovitis, periprosthetic collections, neurovascular compression, and quality of the muscle and tendons of the rotator cuff of the hip. For pain after hip resurfacing, early use of optimized MRI is recommended.     

偏心距重建对股骨颈骨折关节置换术后恢复的影响

目的 探讨股骨颈骨折行人工关节置换术重建股骨偏心距(FO)对患者髋关节功能Harris评分及髋关节活动度的影响.方法 2004年2月至2005年10月对47例单侧股骨颈骨折行人工髋关节置换术的患者进行随访.随访时摄X线片测量,对比患侧与健侧FO.分析术后FO与患肢髋关节Harris评分及髋关节活动范围的相关性,对全髋关节置换术和人工双极头置换术的FO重建率进行χ2检验.结果 FO绝对值大小与患侧髋关节功能Harris评分高低尢相关关系(r=0.23,P=0.1 18),是否进行FO重建在髋关节功能Harris评分方面差异有统计学意义(t=7.25,P＜0.001)髋关节外展范围与FO存在明显正相关性(r=0.80,P＜0.001),全髋置换术及人工双极头置换术的FO重建率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.13,P＞0.05).结论 股骨颈骨折人工髋关节置换术中重建FO有助于术后髋关节功能的恢复.FO的重建能影响髋关节的外展范围,但与术式选择(全髋置换术或人工双极头置换术)无关.     

髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良

目的 探讨髋关节表面置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良的临床疗效.方法 2005年3月至2006年12月对34例(37髋)先天性髋关节发育不良患者行髋关节表面置换术,其中Crowe Ⅰ型28例(31髋)、Crowe Ⅱ型6例(6髋).其中女性29例(32髋),男性5例(5髋),患者平均年龄45岁(26～57岁).患者在术后6周、3个月、1年,及此后每年1次进行随访,接受放射学及临床评价.术前患者Harris评分平均35分,髋关节屈曲101°,外展24°,内收15°,术前12例患者双下肢等长.结果 34例患者中,3例(3髋)患者术中改行全髋关节置换术.31例(34髋)行表面置换.31例表面置换患者平均随访时间21.4个月(12～33个月).患者术后最后一次随访平均为94分(82～100分),与术前比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后髋关节屈曲改善至133°,外展48°,内收26°.术后23例患者双下肢等长.患者股骨及髋臼假体周围均未见透亮线,髋臼假体的平均外展角为43°(40°～53°),股骨假体柄干角平均为139°(130°～145°).结论 本组患者短期随访结果令人满意,良好的手术技术和手术适应证的严格掌握是先天性髋关节发育不良患者手术成功的关键.     

Sporting activity after hip resurfacing: changes over time

The evolution of patient sporting activities after hip resurfacing has not yet been studied. A scoring algorithm to quantify sporting activity was developed to compare type of activity, frequency, duration, and overall activity level in the early postoperative period and at mid- to long-term follow-up. Quantification of sporting activity is a challenging undertaking but should become a useful tool to study the relationship between failure rates and the use of prosthesis.     

股骨颈骨折人工髋关节置换的偏心距调整

高龄股骨颈骨折用人工关节置换治疗越来越普遍[1],其优点是能够使患者早期离床,避免因长期卧床带来的一系列并发症。下地后能有一个良好的关节功能是临床医师的追求,功能优劣与关节的软组织平衡直接相关。在髋关节软组织平衡中,偏心距(offset)是否符合生理解剖非常重要[2]。总结2004年1月-2005年12月,30例(由同一组手术医师操作)股骨颈骨折人工髋关节置换术的病例,均经过术前偏心距测量、术中偏心距调整及术后功能的康复,获得满意疗效。1资料与方法1.1一般资料30例股骨颈骨折患者接受了人工髋关节置换术,男12例,女18例;年龄62~90岁,平均73.8…     

股骨头骨坏死范围对髋关节表面置换术后股骨近端力学分布的影响

目的探讨髋关节表面置换术后股骨头骨坏死范围对股骨近端与假体松动或股骨颈骨折相关的应力分布的影响。方法依据基于连续CT断层图像构建的股骨三维图形和髋关节表面置换假体，采用计算机辅助技术，建立股骨头部无坏死和前后位坏死角分别为60°、80°、100°、120°、140°的表面置换三维有限元模型，单腿负重条件下，模拟坏死骨未清除及清除后填充骨水泥的情形进行受力分析。结果骨坏死范围对股骨颈部的应力分布影响微小。股骨头近端骨质出现明显的应力遮挡。当坏死角≤80°时，骨水泥界面和头颈交界骨质中的Von Mises等效应力峰值变化较小；当坏死角≥100°时，应力峰值变化明显，其中水泥层外上缘的峰值增幅为22．3％和27．3％（坏死角120°和140°），头颈交界外上缘骨质的峰值增幅为13．2％、28．3％和53．3％（坏死角100°、120°和140°）。填充骨水泥后，主要应力集中区的等效应力峰值逐渐减小或变化不明显。结论髋关节表面置换术改变了股骨头内应力分布；股骨头近端出现明显的应力遮挡，允许股骨头负重区出现小的骨坏死（坏死角≤80°）；坏死角≥100°的骨坏死，是否适于髋关节表面置换术还需深入研究。     

Management of proximal femoral fractures in the presence of hip resurfacing arthroplasty: peri-operative considerations and a meta analysis

Periprosthetic fractures which occur in close proximity to an in situ hip resurfacing prosthesis can pose a technically demanding challenge to orthopaedic surgeons. While this is currently an uncommon problem, it is logical to assume that as the numbers of hip resurfacing arthroplasties increase, we are likely to see larger numbers of patients with this presentation. In these cases, if the resurfacing prosthesis in not functioning well, the choice to replace it is easy. If it is well functioning, this decision becomes more difficult however. We present a case illustrating our experience with this unusual problem. We discuss our treatment strategy, the issues and options which need to be considered before treating these patients and review the current literature addressing this topic.     

老年人股骨颈骨折髋关节置换疗效分析

目的 :评价老年人股骨颈骨折髋关节置换临床疗效 ,探讨有关假体选择、并发症、手术时机把握等问题。方法 :回顾分析 1995～ 2 0 0 2年收治的 62例 70岁以上老年人股骨颈骨折应用髋关节置换的治疗方法及效果。结果 :随访 2 2～ 96个月 ,按照Harris[1] 评分标准进行评估显示 ,本组优良率为 83 .9%。全髋置换组明显优于半髋组 ,优良率为 93 .9% ,半髋组则为 46.2 %。结论 :(1)在并存症得到控制稳定后 ,及时地根据病人伤前生活质量来选择全髋或半髋置换是治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的首选方法 ;(2 )强调术中注意观察及处理麻醉开始、扩髓与灌注骨水泥这三个时段病情的变化 ;(3 )陈旧性股骨颈骨折病人术前不适宜牵引。     

空心髋螺钉固定髋关节内股骨颈骨折的X线透视导航手术

本文旨在介绍在X线透视导航下空心髋螺钉固定髋关节内股骨颈骨折的手术方法。发现X线透视导航可优化螺钉的固定位置和减少髋关节内股骨颈骨折固定术中X线的辐射。     

Hip resurfacing: mid-term results of the last-generation metal-on-metal devices

Total hip resurfacing has long been conceptually attractive to both surgeons and patients. However, historically it has been plagued by limited durability and marked acetabular bone loss. The recent development of wear-resistant bearings such as metal-on-metal has led to renewed interest in hip resurfacing in the orthopaedic community. We report the clinical and radiological results of 350 consecutive surface arthroplasties performed in 325 patients (mean follow-up 20 months). Harris Hip Score increased over time from 57 pre-operatively to 98 at 2 years follow-up. Complication’s rate was low. Four patients required revision surgery. The overall survival rate was 98.8%. Considering the positive results of more than 350 implants of our series, we now believe that there is evidence showing that this surgical concept deserves consideration, particularly when treating young patients with hip diseases.