髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位及半脱位的手术方法及临床疗效.方法:经对10例(13膝)经临床检查确诊的髌骨脱位及半脱位患者,在行髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩的的基础上,配合胫骨结节内移等手术治疗.手术前后均对患者的膝关节功能进行Lysholm评分.结果:10例患者随访3～15个月(平均9个月),术后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生,恐惧试验均为阴性.Lysholm评分术前平均(69.6±3.9),术后平均(94.1±3.7).结论:髌外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带紧缩为主的综合术式治疗髌骨脱位能有效减轻症状防止复发,,对维持髌骨的稳定有重要作用.     

髌骨外侧支持带松解修复前后:膝关节参数变化的意义

背景:髌骨外侧支持带松解对于膝前痛在临床实践中是有意义的,但没有在膝关节参数测量下证实。目的:通过分析髌骨外侧支持带松解前后患者髌骨轴位X射线片上的相关参数,得出髌骨轴位片上对髌股关节紊乱最具临床意义的有效参数。方法:随机选取2009年2月至2013年12月济宁医学院附属医院关节科收治的50例膝前痛患者,OuterbridgeⅠ-Ⅲ级患者45例在关节镜下松解外侧支持带、修整关节软骨,另5例软骨损伤OuterbridgeⅣ级患者行外侧支持带松解的膝关节表面置换。结果与结论:与治疗前相比,外侧支持带松解后患者髌股指数、倾斜角及合适角均明显缩小(P0.05或P0.01),而外侧髌股角未出现明显变化(P0.05),且髌骨运动轨迹恢复到原来相对应的股骨髁中央位置,同时未观察到关节血肿、深静脉血栓形成及髌骨半脱位等并发症。说明外侧支持带松解对于治疗髌股外侧高压引起的膝前痛是有意义的。     

关节镜下外侧支持带松解内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌股关节脱位

目的　探讨关节镜辅助下外侧支持带松解联合内侧髌股韧带（medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL）重建手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。 方法　对我院2012年1月-2015年1月收治的19例复发性髌骨脱位患者,采取关节镜辅助下行外侧支持带松解、内侧髌股韧带重建联合手术。术后定期随访,记录术前和术后影像学结果、Lysholm 膝关节功能综合评分和 Kujala 髌股关节评分,观察重建韧带长度变化。 结果　19例均获随访,时间( 25.7±8. 56) 月（12~48月）,术后无髌骨再脱位及恐惧征,无髌股关节疼痛加重,X线显示Q角在正常范围,膝关节CT（屈膝45°）显示患者髌骨外侧关节面张开角从术前平均（-1.2±6.8)°（-16°~8°）提高至术后(11.2±5.1)°（5°~18°）,较术前有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。术后1年Lysholm 评分及Kujala 髌股关节评分较术前有明显改善。重建韧带长度术后即刻平均为（57.81±6.76）mm,术后1年为（58.36±6.87）mm,无明显松弛。 结论　关节镜辅助下二联手术治疗复发性髌骨脱位,能有效恢复髌股关节位置和功能,预防复发,术后1年韧带无明显松弛,疗效满意。     

外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建修复复发性髌骨脱位

背景：关节镜检查能够直接动态观察髌股关节的对合关系,准确了解髌股关节异常是否可以完全纠正。目的：分析关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建对复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法：复发性髌骨脱位患者共58例,随机将其分为对照组和观察组各29例,对照组患者给予常规手术行外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建,观察组患者给予关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建。结果与结论：治疗前两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分的比较,差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);治疗12个月后两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分均升高,且观察组升高的更明显(P < 0.05)。治疗前两组患者屈膝30°时的适合角和外侧髌股角CT测量值的比较,差异均无显著性义(P > 0.05);治疗12个月后两组患者的适合角和外侧髌股角CT测量值均降低,且观察组降低的更明显(P < 0.05)。观察组患者的手术时间、临床愈合时间均显著低于对照组,总有效率显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结果表明关节镜下外侧支持带松解联合髌骨韧带重建修复复发性髌骨脱位疗效确切。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

髌股关节紊乱行关节镜手术治疗对髌股关节生物力学改变的三维有限元分析

目的采用三维有限元方法分析关节镜下行外侧髌骨支持带松解、内侧髌骨支持带紧缩手术前后髌股关节应力分布的改变情况。方法建立髌股关节紊乱患者关节镜手术前后髌股关节三维模型,并计算分析在加载200 N载荷下模型在不同屈膝角度(30°、60°、90°、120°)时的髌股关节最大应力和应力分布。结果关节镜术后模型不同屈膝角度的髌股关节最大应力较术前明显减小;术前髌股关节应力集中在髌股外侧关节面,而术后髌股关节应力得到重新分配。结论关节镜下外侧髌骨支持带松解、内侧髌骨支持带紧缩手术后,髌股关节不同屈膝角度的应力得到改善,为关节镜手术方法可以有效恢复髌股关节内外侧关节面压力平衡提供客观理论依据。对于临床上存在力线异常的早期髌股关节紊乱患者,建议应尽早手术干预。     

关节镜辅助下三联法治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位的疗效观察

目的　探讨关节镜辅助下应用异体韧带悬吊式重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）、外侧支持带Y形松解,结合股内侧肌成形治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位临床疗效。 方法　回顾分析2014年1月至2017年1月收治10例12膝儿童髌骨固定型脱患者资料,男6例8膝,女4例4膝;年龄为4~9岁,平均6.6岁。所有患者均采用关节镜辅助下应用异体韧带悬吊式重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）、外侧支持带Y形松解,结合股内侧肌成形治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位,术后随访根据髌骨稳定度及Kujala 评分评定膝关节功能恢复情况。 结果　10例儿童术后获得6~18个月（平均随访12个月）随访。所有儿童末次随访髌骨稳定度满意,Kujala 评分由术前的（42.12±14.37）分增加到随访时的（95.68±9.42）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论　关节镜辅助下应用异体韧带悬吊式重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）、外侧支持带Y形松解,结合股内侧肌成形治疗儿童髌骨固定性脱位临床疗效满意,可以有效增加髌骨稳定性,改善膝关节功能,对骨骺不造成损害,是一种有效的治疗儿童髌骨固定型脱位的手术方法。     

早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的探讨早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位的效果。方法对22例急性创伤性髌骨脱位患者行关节镜下内侧髌骨股骨韧带（MPFL）修补或重建,同时部分病例行关节镜下髌外侧支持带松解和（或）胫骨结节内移截骨。结果术后平均随访25.5个月,术后所有病例均未出现髌骨再次脱位,无髌骨错动或半脱位。患者主观Kujala评分、Lysholm评分、Tegner运动等级评分与受伤前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论早期手术治疗急性创伤性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,患者的术后主观评分和运动等级均能够达到受伤前水平,对于患者术后膝关节功能和运动水平的恢复有积极的作用。     

自体单束前交叉韧带移植重建不同股骨隧道位置对髌股关节的影响

背景:研究显示,关节镜下膝关节单束前交叉韧带重建可以恢复膝关节的前向稳定性,但膝关节旋转稳定性及髌股关节匹配程度却受股骨及胫骨隧道中心位置的影响。目的:分析青壮年前交叉韧带重建不同股骨隧道中心点位置与髌股关节软骨情况及髌骨倾斜的关系,同时对患者研究因素进行相关性分析,从而进一步探讨对髌股关节软骨及髌骨位置影响最小的股骨隧道位置的选择。方法:将70例经过术前磁共振检查、查体及术中关节镜探查明确诊断为前交叉韧带断裂的患者,根据随机数字的奇偶将所有患者分为类等长组(使用股骨定位器定位于髁间窝外侧壁过顶点远端7 mm打入克氏针)和类解剖组(于髁间窝外侧壁、原前交叉韧带足印中心方向打入克氏针)。采用标准化网格系统上的近-远-前-后平面对股骨隧道中心坐标进行评估;前-后-内-外平面对胫骨隧道中心坐标进行评估,标记为象限Y%和象限X%。比较两组患者基线数据、髌股外侧角的差值、软骨定量T2值有无差异以及各研究因素之间相关性。研究方案的实施符合安徽医科大学第一附属医院的相关伦理要求,参与试验的患者均签署了"知情同意书"。结果与结论:①类解剖与类等长两组之间基线数据之间无显著性差异;髌股外侧角差值类解剖组(0.57±0.33)°<类等长组(1.55±0.36)°(P<0.001);②类解剖组髌骨内侧、髌骨外侧、滑车软骨T2值均小于类等长对应值;③象限X%与髌股外侧角差值具有显著负相关性(R=-0.664,P<0.01);象限Y%与髌股外侧角差值呈正相关(R=0.804,P<0.01);髌股外侧角差值与滑车及髌骨外软骨T2值明显正相关(R=0.651,0.655,P<0.01);滑车及髌骨外侧软骨T2值与术后Lysholm评分呈负相关(R=-0.505,-0.529,P<0.01);象限Y%与髌骨外侧T2值高度相关(R=0.825,P<0.01),与滑车软骨T2值显著相关(R=0.798,P<0.01);象限X%与髌骨外侧及滑车软骨T2值呈显著负相关(R=-0.639,-0.657,P<0.01);④结果说明,通过对单束前交叉韧带重建术后早期髌股关节改变的研究,发现类解剖重建相对于类等长重建后,髌股关节软骨退变程度和髌骨倾斜角度更小,要求手术者尽可能将股骨隧道中心点位置放置于类解剖位置,从而最大限度的减少髌股关节的退变。     

Q角测量评估膝关节软组织平衡和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的疗效

背景：手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位可通过平衡髌骨内外侧软组织,改善Q角,达到纠正髌骨脱位。 目的：探讨Q 角测量评估膝关节软组织平衡和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的疗效。 方法：治疗前常规测量18例习惯性髌骨脱位患者Q角,按Q角分为两组：<16°组,行膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩;>16°组,行膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩+髌韧带止点内移或膝关节外侧关节囊松解、内侧关节囊紧缩+髌韧带止点内移和股内外侧肌止点位移。 结果与结论：两组术后Q角明显低于术前,术后膝关节评分明显高于术前(P < 0.001),两组间比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。Q 角测量评估显示平衡膝关节软组织和骨性手术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位具有疗效明确,并发症少,功能恢复好的优点。     

关节镜下膝内侧支持带紧缩外侧支持带松解治疗髌骨脱位

目的 　探讨关节镜下膝内侧支持带紧缩外侧支持带松解术在治疗髌骨脱位中的临床疗效。 方法 自2009 年3 月～2011年7月收治25 例25膝髌骨脱位,术前未接受过外科手术治疗。术中关节镜监视下松解外侧支持带并紧缩缝合内侧支持带。术后行正规康复训练。随访18～24个月,了解膝关节脱位复发情况及患膝功能恢复情况。 结果　术后无髌骨脱位复发,手术前后Lysholm 膝关节功能综合评分分别为（59.00±13.37）分和 （92.14±5.15）分（P＜0.05）;手术后影像测量对比髌骨适合角从术前（21.10±5.61）°纠正到（-1.70±7.41）°(P＜0.05);外侧髌股角从术前（-1.3±1.6）°纠正到（6.1±1.4）°(P＜0.05）,上述3项指标手术前后比较,均有统计学差异。 结论　关节镜辅助下膝内侧支持带紧缩配合外侧支持带松解术治疗髌骨脱位,手术创伤小,疗效满意。     

Lateral patellar retinaculum reconstruction for medial patellar instability following lateral retinacular release: A case report

Lateral retinacular release is still being performed in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation as an additional procedure with distal realignment or medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. However, consensus remains lacking regarding suitable indications for lateral retinacular release. A 20-year-old woman presented with patellar instability in both medial and lateral directions after undergoing lateral retinacular release with MPFL reconstruction. She displayed inherent systemic joint laxity meeting all seven Carter–Wilkinson criteria. Simultaneous MPFL revision and lateral retinaculum reconstruction successfully improved patellar instability in both directions. This case provides an example of iatrogenic medial patellar instability after failed lateral retinacular release.     

Combined lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty for treatment of patellofemoral osteoarthritis associated with patellar malalignment in elderly patients

This paper described a less invasive surgical technique that was performed for treatment of elderly patients with isolated patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) associated with patellar malalignment, although their tibiofemoral joints are minimally osteoarthritic.Two hundred and thirty-four knees in 126 consecutive elderly patients (average, 72 yrs) diagnosed with combined disorders were treated by lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty. The inclusion criteria were patient age ≥ 65 yrs, isolated stage 2 or 3 PF-OA (modified Iwano staging by radiology), and a laterally subluxed patella shown on a Merchant's axial radiograph. Outcome was judged by three parameters: clinical PF function (modified Kujala scoring), congruence angle, and PF-OA staging. Two hundred and one knees in 107 patients were followed-up for an average of 4.2 yrs (range, 2.1-7.5 yrs) and 19 patients were lost to follow-up. No surgical complications occurred through the course of treatment. Clinical PF function improved in knees that showed unsatisfactory performance (modified Kujala scoring < 32) preoperatively, with 78.1% of the knees showing satisfactory performance (modified Kujala scoring ≥ 32) at the latest follow-up. Congruence angle improved in 85.6% of the knees and PF-OA staging improved in 77.1% of the knees. Combined lateral retinacular release with drilling chondroplasty is a feasible alternative for treatment of PF-OA associated with patellar malalignment in elderly patients where knee arthroplasty cannot be performed by various reasons. Advantages of this combined surgical technique include a less invasive procedure, minimal complication rate, and an acceptable success rate (78%, modified Kujala scoring ≥ 32).     

Lateral retinacular release in concordance with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellar instability: A computational model

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the patellofemoral joint to analyze the biomechanics of lateral retinacular release after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction in patellar malalignment (increased tibial tubercle–trochlear groove distance (TT-TG)). We hypothesized that lateral retinacular release is not appropriate in patellar instability addressed by MPFL reconstruction due to decreased lateral stability and inappropriate adjustment in patellofemoral contact pressures.MethodsA FE in-silico model of the patellofemoral joint was developed and validated. The model was used analyze the effect of lateral retinacular release in association with MPFL reconstruction on patellofemoral contact pressures, contact area, and lateral patellar displacement during knee flexion.ResultsMPFL reconstruction alone results in restoration of patellofemoral contact pressures throughout the entire range of motion (0–90°), mimicking the results from healthy condition. The addition of the lateral retinacular release to the MPFL reconstruction resulted in significant reductions in both patellofemoral contact pressure and contact area. Lateral retinacular release resulted in more lateral patellar displacement during the mid-flexion knee range of motion.ConclusionsCombination of lateral retinacular release with MPFL reconstruction in patients with increased TT-TG is not recommended as MPFL reconstruction alone for first-line management of recurrent patellar instability offers a greater biomechanical advantage and restoration of contact forces to resemble that of the healthy knee. The presented biomechanical data outlines the effect of concomitant MPFL reconstruction and lateral retinacular release to help guide surgical planning for patients with recurrent patellar instability due to malalignment.     

Intra-osseous local anaesthetic patellar pain catheter suppresses osteoarthritic patello-femoral pain

Background

The source of pain in patellofemoral osteoarthritis is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the origin of pain using intraosseous pain catheters and to show early results with an osteotomy that is potentially denervating and hydrostatic pressure-relieving.

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效观察

目的 探讨内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析湖北省荆州市中心医院2017年1月至2019年6月通过关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带双束重建治疗的29例复发性髌骨脱位患者的临床资料.其中,男10例,女19例,年龄14.0～29.5岁,平均19.4岁.测量TT-TG距离、髌骨倾斜角,计算Caton指数....     

Patellar tendon lengthening and augmentation with quadriceps tendon graft for treatment of severe patella infera

BackgroundPatella infera represents a permanent abnormally low position of the patella with three characteristics: distal position of the patella in the femoral trochlea, permanent shortening of the patellar tendon, and decreased distance between the inferior pole of the patella and the articular surface of the tibia. Several surgical techniques have been described to resolve this disabling condition with varying outcomes.HypothesisLengthening of the shortened patellar tendon with augmentation using a quadriceps tendon graft in combination with excessive intra-articular release improve knee function in patients presenting with severe and permanent patella infera.MethodsNine patients (four males, five females) with significant patella infera were treated between 2004 and 2020. The low position of the patella was documented using the Caton–Deschamps index. The Tegner Lysholm knee scoring scale and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain were used as outcome measures before surgery and at follow up. Complete data were available in 100% of cases at 12 months follow up, and in 78% at final follow up.ResultsThe average follow up was 4.2 years (range, 1–16 years). The Tegner Lysholm score improved from a mean preoperative score of 43.8 to a mean postoperative score of 80.5. The median NRS status decreased from an average of 6.7 (range, 5–8) to 2.3 (range, 1–7). The median preoperative flexion was 103.3° (range, 40–125°), rising to 126.6° (range, 40–145°). The median preoperative Caton–Deschamps ratio of 0.32 (range, 0–0.6) improved to 0.99 (range, 0.9–1.1) at final follow up. Two patients needed additional surgical treatment (arthroscopic scar tissue removal and proximalisation of the tibial tuberosity).ConclusionLengthening of a shortened patellar tendon with augmentation using a quadriceps tendon graft combined with excessive intra-articular release is an individually adapted surgical salvage procedure to treat permanent patella infera. It improves knee function and yields good to excellent results in most cases.     

Early results of arthroscopic lateral retinacular release in patellofemoral osteoarthritis

The aim of this study was to define the postoperative course of middle-aged and elderly patients with patellar chondral lesions after lateral retinacular release and joint debridement. Thirty-five patients in their fifth to seventh decades with Grades 2-4 chondral lesions of the patellofemoral joint, with no patellar instability or severe malalignment, underwent lateral retinacular release and patellofemoral joint debridement by bipolar radiofrequency. Both VAS and WOMAC scores in all three lesion grades were significantly reduced postoperatively. The greatest decrease was observed in the first visit at 3 months, and the pain level continued at about the same level over the next 24 months without significant changes. There were no significant differences between the three lesion grades with respect to changes in VAS scores at each visit. Thermal lateral retinacular release improves the subjective condition of the patient by reducing pain, especially in the postoperative first 3 months.