颈椎后路椎管扩大成形加短节段固定手术疗效及影响因素分析

目的探讨颈椎后路椎管扩大成形加短节段固定手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及影响因素。方法 2006-08-2008-06因脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形加颈椎侧块钉棒系统固定融合术的患者21例,将患者的年龄、病程、术前椎管矢状径值、骨性椎管扩大率、脊髓后移距离、术前JOA评分诸影响因素与JOA改善率进行多元逐步回归分析,分析JOA改善率与上述诸因素的相关性。结果术前JOA评分、病程与JOA改善率明确相关,有显著性统计学意义。病程与JOA改善率呈明显负相关,术前JOA评分与JOA改善率呈明显正相关。结论颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形加颈椎侧块钉棒系统固定融合术是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法;术前JOA评分和病程是决定脊髓型颈椎病预后的重要因素,是判断预后的重要指标,两者相比,术前JOA评分更重要。     

Cloward术式治疗脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症疗效分析

目的　报告Cloward颈椎前路手术治疗脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症疗效 ,分析术前各种因素对手术疗效的影响。方法　用核磁共振 (MRI)测量术前椎管矢状径、受累节段脊髓矢状径与横径比值、最小横断面积。结合手术前后神经功能评分 ,分析术前因素对手术疗效的影响。结果　单节段受累术后神经功能恢复优于多节段 (P <0 0 1)。年龄、椎管矢径、脊髓矢状径与横径比值 ,对术后疗效无明显影响 (P >0 0 5 ) ,临床病程、综合征类型、受累节段横断面积 ,对术后疗效有显著性影响 (P <0 0 1)。结论　Cloward颈椎前路手术对单节段受累脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症手术疗效好 ,减压较彻底 ,术后并发症轻。临床病程长、受累节段多、脊髓明显变形的脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症 ,手术疗效较差 ;脊髓型颈椎间盘突出症应尽早手术。建议对二个个节段以上受累的脊髓颈椎间盘突出症 ,行次全椎体切除术 ,或后路颈椎管成形     

颈椎动力位MRI在颈椎病临床诊治中的作用

目的通过颈椎动力位MRI检查测定颈椎病发生发展中的静力性和动力性因素,探讨动力位MRI埘颈椎病早期诊断并早期干预、手术治疗的指导意义。方法对15位被检者行日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分、颈椎X线及MRI检查．测量Pavlov比值、腹背侧蛛下腔矢状径、脊髓及蛛下腔正中矢状径、脊髓及蛛下腔面积,蛛下腔狭窄度分级,计算脊髓／蛛下腔矢状径比、面积比．进行过屈、中立、过伸3种体位间比较。将JOA评分与部分测量指标进行相关性研究。结果Pavlov比值示8例骨性椎管狭窄。腹背侧蛛下腔狭窄程度在过屈位有一定缓解,过伸位有一定加重;过屈位与过伸位问差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。JOA评分与Pavlov比值、面积比有相关性。结论颈椎动力位MRI能反映颈椎在屈伸位变化时内部结构的变化,对临床诊断、干预及手术均有一定的意义。     

微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果

【摘要】〓目的〓评价微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法〓2008年1月~2012年2月,观察46例多节段脊髓型颈椎病(MCSM)行微型钛板改良单开门颈椎管扩大椎板成形术的脊髓型颈椎病患者,对比术前及术后JOA评分,在CT上测量C5节段椎管术前、术后6个月的矢状径,计算椎管扩大率[(术后椎管矢状径-术前椎管矢状径)/(术前椎管矢状径)×100%],观察单开门门轴侧骨融合情况。结果〓平均随访18个月(6~24个月)。术前平均JOA评分8.2分,术后平均JOA评分14.8分。C5节段椎管矢状径术前为8.6±1.1 mm,术后6个月为16.1±0.9 mm,椎管扩大率为(74.3±14.4)%。术后6个月,可以观察到单开门门轴侧骨融合,无螺钉松动及再“关门”现象。结论〓微型钛板改良单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病临床效果满意,防止再关门。     

纳米人工椎板在颈椎后路减压椎管重建手术中的临床应用研究

[目的]评估颈椎后路减压手术中应用纳米人工骨重建椎管后临床症状的改善和影像学变化。[方法]观察组30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路减压人工椎板椎管重建术,对照组38例多节段脊髓型颈椎病行颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术。两组术后平均随访25个月。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术前术后JOA(日本矫形外科学会)评分,轴性症状及C5神经根麻痹的发生情况,颈椎X线片及CT了解椎管矢状径扩大情况及人工椎板融合情况。[结果]观察组手术时间平均92 min,术中出血量平均316 ml,低于对照组,有1例发生C5神经根麻痹。两组在手术时间、出血量及C5神经根麻痹的发生方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后JOA评分改善率为74.3%,3例出现轴性症状,理疗治疗后好转。术后各节段椎管矢状径皆超过14 mm,术后1年和2年人工骨骨性融合率分别为43.3%和71.1%。两组在JOA评分改善率、轴性症状发生率、椎管矢状径扩大及植骨融合方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]在颈椎后路全椎板切除减压手术中应用纳米人工椎板重建颈椎管效果良好,获得与颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形术相同的治疗效果,而且具有手术时间短、术中出血少及并发症较少的优点。     

前路椎体骨化物复合体前移融合术治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

目的评估颈椎前路椎体骨化物复合体前移融合术(ACAF)对颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(OPLL)椎管横截面积及椎管矢状径的改善情况。方法 2017年5月—2017年8月,本院采用ACAF治疗颈椎OPLL患者13例,术前、术后采用日本骨科学会(JOA)评分评估患者神经功能情况,采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分评估患者疼痛程度;术前、术后在颈椎侧位X线片上测量颈椎椎管矢状径,在横断面CT上测量骨化物横截面积和椎管横截面积,并计算椎管狭窄率。结果所有患者手术顺利完成。所有患者随访3~6个月,神经功能均得到不同程度恢复。末次随访时,JOA和VAS评分均较术前有所改善,椎管矢状径和椎管横截面积均较术前增加,椎管狭窄率较术前降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ACAF治疗颈椎OPLL安全有效,可扩大椎管矢状径,增大椎管横截面积,降低椎管狭窄率,使患者神经症状明显改善,短期疗效满意。     

“比值法”与发育性颈椎管狭窄的诊断

通过一组４１１例正常人颈椎Ｘ线侧位片的测量，得出了颈椎管矢状径与椎体矢状经比值的正常值，并通过与１２１例脊髓型颈椎病病人Ｘ线片的对比分析，论证了矢状径比值在发育性颈椎管狭窄诊断上的应用价值。     

颈前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈后路单开门术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

[目的]探讨颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病在临床上的应用价值。[方法]应用Cervical Cage行颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合术，同时，颈椎后路行单开门椎管扩大成形术11例，平均随访6个月。按40分法和JOA评分对手术前后脊髓功能进行评分，并测量颈椎术前术后前柱高度及椎管宽度和进行相关性分析．[结果]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，明显改善脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。40分法平均37分，改善率83％；JOA评分16．5分，改善率91％；前柱高度平均增加1．28mm；椎管宽度平均增加2．22mm。[结论]颈椎前路椎间盘切除椎间融合器融合术加颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术，有效恢复了颈椎前柱高度、增加椎管宽度，明显改善了脊髓型颈椎病的脊髓功能。     

颈椎“双开门”椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的 总结分析颈椎后路双开门椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果.方法 对61例行颈椎后路“双开门”椎管扩大成形同种异体骨植骨治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者进行回顾性分析,采用JOA评分法、颈椎管平均矢状径评价临床疗效,X线、CT判定植骨融合状况.结果 术后所有患者症状体征得到改善,JOA评分由术前平均10.6...     

脊髓型颈椎病MRI影像学形态改变与临床评价的相关性

目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病脊髓MRI影像学形态改变与临床评价的相关性。方法收集无颈脊髓压迫102例(对照组)及脊髓型颈椎病41例(患者组)资料,测量对照组颈椎MRI T_2脊髓轴位像上C_(2～3)、C_(3～4)、C_(4～5)、C_(5～6)、C_(6～7)脊髓横断面横径、矢状径、面积和患者组颈椎MRI T_2脊髓轴位像上C_(2～3)及主要受压节段的脊髓横断面横径、矢状径、面积。结果患者组JOA评分与脊髓横断面横径、矢状径、(横径+矢状径)改变率无明显相关性(P 0. 05),JOA评分与横断面积改变率有显著相关性(P 0. 05)。结论脊髓型颈椎病MRI脊髓横径、矢状径改变率与临床症状无明显相关性,而脊髓横断面积改变率与临床症状有显著相关性。不能单纯从脊髓横径、矢状径改变来评估临床症状严重性。     

Measurement of volume-occupying rate of cervical spinal canal and its role in cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Purpose

To compare volume-occupying rate of cervical spinal canal between patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and normal subjects, and to investigate its significance in cervical spine disease.

Methods

Spiral computed tomography (CT) scan (C4–C6 cervical spine unit) was performed in 20 normal subjects and 36 cases of CSM at a neutral position, and data were transferred to the Advantage Workstation Version 4.2 for assessment. Bony canal area and fibrous canal area in each cross section, and sagittal diameters of cervical spinal canal and cervical spinal body were measured. Volume-occupying rate of cervical spinal canal was calculated using MATLAB. Cervical spinal canal ratio and effective cervical spinal canal ratio were calculated, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was used to assess cervical spinal cord function.

Results

Volume-occupying rate of cervical spinal canal at a neutral position was significantly higher in CSM patients as compared to normal subjects (P < 0.01). There was no correlation between cervical spinal canal ratio and JOA score in CSM patients, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.171 (P > 0.05). However, sagittal diameter of secondary cervical spinal canal, effective cervical spinal canal ratio and volume-occupying rate of cervical spinal canal were significantly associated to JOA score, with Pearson’s coefficient correlations of 0.439 (P < 0.05), 0.491 (P < 0.05) and ?0.613 (P < 0.01), respectively.

Conclusions

Volume-occupying rate of cervical spinal canal is an objective reflection of compression on cervical spine and spinal cord, and it is associated with cervical spinal cord function. These suggest that it may play a significant role in predicting the development of CSM.     

Pathomechanism, pathogenesis, and results of treatment in cervical spondylotic myelopathy caused by dynamic canal stenosis

In this study, the pathomechanism and pathogenesis of dynamic canal stenosis caused by cervical instability in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and the validity of the concept of instability are clarified by analyzing the results of treatment in 53 cases. In cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy caused by dynamic canal stenosis, the authors found that the posterior slide of the vertebral body occurs as a result of degeneration in the cervical spine due to aging changes, and that the dynamic sagittal diameter of the spinal canal decreases with an increase of the degree of posterior slide. This is followed by gradual aggravation of the clinical symptoms. Continuous cervical traction was found to be the first choice of treatment. Surgical treatment is indicated in cases in which the traction was ineffective, or even when it was effective, in cases in which the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score remained low or when there was a tendency toward rapid aggravation of symptoms. It was demonstrated that the shorter the duration of the myelopathy, the better the results of treatment obtained. A limit of the dynamic sagittal diameter of the spinal canal of 12 mm was considered as valid.     

单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床应用

目的评价单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床应用价值。方法 39例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者随机分为Centerpiece钛板组(18例)及传统组(21例),治疗前后行JOA评分,比较治疗后神经功能改善率、椎管扩大率、并发症发生率。结果前两组年龄、JOA评分均无显著性差异;两组手术时间分别为(109±25)min和(111±23)min,无显著性差异(P>0.05);Centerpiece钛板组椎管扩大率(61%±21%)明显高于传统组(40%±17%)(P<0.05)。术后3个月、12个月两组JOA评分均显著高于术前,但术后3个月两组间JOA评分无显著性差异(P>0.05),术后12个月Centerpiece钛板组JOA评分明显高于传统组(P<0.05)。术后3～6个月进行CT示门轴侧沟槽达到骨性融合。两组均未发生再关门现象;Centerpiece钛板组并发症发生率显著低于传统组(P<0.05)。结论单开门椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板固定术是一种安全有效、操作简单、疗效显著、并发症少的新术式。     

先天性颈椎管狭窄与脊髓型颈椎病影像学表现以及预后的关系

目的 探讨脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)患者先天性颈椎管狭窄(cervical spinal stenosis,CSS)与颈椎MRI改变及预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析自2006年11月至2009年11月,采用前路、后路或前后路联合手术治疗的286例CSM患者的病例资料,根据患者是否存在CSS将患者分为两组,在MRI T2加权像上评价脊髓高信号的等级以及脊髓受压程度.记录患者日本骨科学会评分标准(Japanese Orthopaedic Associatio,JOA)评分、病程和体征,包括感觉减退或者消失、Hoffman征、Babinski征、腱反射.结果 在CSM患者中CSS的发生率为33.6%,先天性CSS组的年龄、JOA评分、病程均大于无CSS组,术后临床改善率小于无CSS组.两组之间性别的差异无统计学意义(x2=0.006,P=1.00),两组之间的颈椎MRI T2加权像脊髓高信号发生率的差异有统计学意义(x2=-62.396,P＜0.001),CSS组脊髓高信号的发生率为70.8%,无CSS组脊髓高信号的发生率为22.6%.先天性CSS组脊髓受压程度相对于无CSS组严重,且先天性CSS组患者体征的数目相对较多.应用多元线性回归分析法得出术后改善率与CSS、病程、临床体征的数目和年龄有关(R2=0.565).结论 先天性CSS患者出现CSM时往往脊髓受压程度较重、MRI T2加权像脊髓内高信号出现的概率大,病程长且预后较差.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between the cervical MR images and pathological changes, prognosis in patients with cervical spinal stenosis and cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Methods From Nov. 2006 to Nov. 2009, 286 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were included through retrospective analysis. All patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was cervical stenosis, the grade of increased signal intensity (ISI) in spinal cord and the degree of spinal cord compression was evaluate in T2-weighted MR images of midian sagittal slices. JOA scale, duration of disease,Hoffmann sign, Babinski sign, sensory loss or hypoesthesia, and lower-extremity/upper-extremity hyperreflexia were recorded. Results The incidence rate of cervical spinal stenosis was 33.6% in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The study showed that the age was smaller (P＜ 0.001 ), preoperative JOA score was higher(P=0.0018), duration of disease was longer(P=0.009), and the recovery rate was lower(P＜ 0.001 )in cervical spinal canal narrowing group comparing with control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender (x2=0.006,P=l.00). There was significant difference between two groups in the incidence of ISI in spinal cord through x2 test(x2=62.396,P＜ 0.001 ). Multivariate analysis indicated that the likelihood of the recovery rate of cervical myelopathy decreased with the presence of cervical spinal stenosis, duration of dieaase, number of neurological signs, age (R2=0.565). Conclusion Patients with congenitally narrow cervical spinal canal have to suffer severe spinal cord compression and high incidence of ISI in spinal cord. The duration of disease is long, and prognosis is poor.     

不同手术方式对多节段连续型脊髓型颈椎病的疗效分析

目的探讨不同手术方式对多节段连续型脊髓型颈椎病疗效的影响。方法选取多节段连续型脊髓型颈椎病48例,排除畸形和创伤病例。根据颈椎曲度不同,分为颈椎曲度正常组和异常组;根据所采取的手术方式不同,分为单间隙减压融合结合椎体次全切除术组、连续椎体次全切除术组以及全椎板切除术组;以术前、术后JOA评分为评估指标进行对比研究。结果在3组术前JOA评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）的情况下,单间隙结合椎体次全切除术组术后JOA评分与其他2组相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。在颈椎曲度正常组中,连续椎体次全切除术组与全椎板切除术组术后JOA评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;颈椎曲度异常组中,连续椎体次全切除术组与全椎板切除术组术后JOA评分比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论不同的手术方式对多节段连续型脊髓型颈椎病的疗效不同。在没有手术禁忌的情况下．颈椎前路手术特别是单间隙减压融合结合椎体次全切除术具有更好的手术疗效．     

单侧短节段侧块内固定系统在颈椎病单开门减压术中的应用

目的 评估单侧短节段侧块内固定系统在脊髓型颈椎病后路单开门减压椎管扩大成形术中的应用价值。方法回顾分析近6年应用此方法治疗脊髓型颈椎病56例,根据手术前后JOA评分;影像改变评价手术的优缺点。结果56例患者均为脊髓型颈椎病,病变范围均大于3个节段。所有患者均在全麻下接受手术治疗,手术采用经后路单开门减压术式,开门范围C3-7同时行门轴侧短节段侧块系统内固定（C4-6）植骨融合术。术后平均随访32个月,JOA评分由术前9．2提高到14．6分,优良率为78％。结论后路单开门减压椎管扩大成形术是一种安全有效的治疗脊髓型颈椎病的手术方法,应用单侧短节段侧块内固定系统能增加手术的安全性及疗效。此术式有以下优点：1．通过预弯的内固定系统能很好的维持颈椎生理前凸。2．侧块内固定增加了脊柱稳定性,相对稳定的力学环境利于植骨的融合,缩短患者下床活动及颈部外固定时间。3．掀开的椎板帘通过粗丝线结扎固定于钉杆上,增加了固定强度,避免了再关门现象。4．单侧短节段侧块内固定属限制性固定,既解决了稳定又减少了颈部僵硬与不适。     

Open-door laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy: good outcome in 12 patients using suture anchor fixation

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In the classic Hirabayashi procedure, the lamina door is tethered open by sutures between the spinous process and facet capsule or para-vertebral muscle. Our early experiences showed, however, that the loosened sutures result in dislodgement and reclosure of the lifted lamina. We present a modified method to ensure secure fixation and prevent restenosis due to hinge closure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 12 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent unilateral open-door laminoplasty using suture anchor fixation between 2000 and 2004. The sutures were tied and fixed onto the holed lateral mass screws, instead of using the conventional suture technique. We used radiography, MRI, and CT for imaging studies. The Nurick score was used to assess severity of myelopathy, and the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used to evaluate clinical outcomes before surgery and at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS: All patients experienced functional improvement of at least 1 Nurick score after surgery. The JOA score for the 12 patients increased significantly from 6.9 (SD 3.0) before surgery to 13 (SD 1.6) at final follow-up. Postoperative radiography and CT showed increased sagittal diameter and canal expansion. Average preoperative and postoperative ranges of motion for the cervical spine were 48 (SD 4.6) and 36 (SD 2.7), respectively. No neurological deterioration due to hinge reclosure and no major surgery-related complications were observed during the follow-up period. INTERPRETATION: Open-door laminoplasty using suture anchor fixation effectively maintains expansion of the spinal canal and resists closure while preserving alignment and flexibility. This modified technique is easy to use, has a low complication rate, and provides marked functional improvement for patients with cervical spondylolytic myelopathy.     

一次性颈椎后路椎管扩大成形术加经硬脊膜入路髓核摘除术治疗脊髓钳夹型颈椎病

目的 探讨采用一次性颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术加经硬脊膜入路椎间盘髓核摘除术治疗脊髓钳夹型颈椎病的手术方法及观察其近期手术疗效.方法 本组6例脊髓钳夹型颈椎病患者术前均行X线片、CT和MRI检查确诊.手术方法均采用颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术,然后在颈椎间盘突出相应的硬脊膜的位置上纵行切开硬脊膜,显露颈髓和上、下神经根及齿状韧带,切开纤维环取出髓核组织.结果 本组6例均获随访,按JOA评分标准平均提高3-6分,肌力平均提高2-3级,术前症状基本消失或缓解.术后予以X线片及MRI复查,无明显并发症,钳夹节段的颈髓均显示压迫解除.结论 一次性颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术加经硬脊膜入路椎间盘髓核摘除术是治疗脊髓钳夹型颈椎病的一种可行有效的手术方法.它可避免多次手术的痛苦.