鼻畸形矫正术在初期唇裂修复术中的应用评价

目的：观察术前已完成鼻牙槽塑形矫治患儿在初期唇裂修补术中同期行鼻畸形矫正术对术后鼻外形的美观与对称效果的影响。方法：选择已完成术前鼻牙槽塑形矫治患儿69例,均采用改良旋转推进唇裂修复术实施手术。术中根据患侧外鼻形态恢复状况,确定是否行鼻畸形矫正术,其中32例行鼻畸形矫正术,37例未行鼻畸形矫正术。2组均采用术后第4～5年面容照片打分方式进行鼻外形评定。评定结果采用SPSS10．0软件包进行配对t检验。结果：唇裂修复术同期行鼻畸形矫正组和未行鼻畸形矫正组患儿,术后第4～5年鼻外形的美观与对称性平均得分为70．66±10．89和64．14±10．63．鼻畸形矫正组术后鼻外形显著优于未行鼻畸形矫正组,2组差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：唇裂修复术中同期行鼻畸形矫正术的患儿,其术后鼻外形的美观与对称性进一步改善,且对外鼻的生长发育无不良影响。     

鼻齿槽矫正及鼻模塑形对单侧完全性唇裂鼻畸形矫治效果的临床研究

目的：客观定量分析评价术前鼻牙槽塑形矫治器（PNAM）及术后鼻模佩戴对单侧完全性唇裂患者鼻畸形的临床矫治效果。方法：选择符合纳入标准的3组病例48例,A组（10例）出生2周内佩戴PNAM矫治器,矫治3个月后行唇裂修复手术,术后即佩戴鼻模塑形,且佩戴周期半年以上。B组（12例）未进行PNAM矫治治疗,术后即佩戴鼻模塑形半年以上。C组（26例）单纯行唇裂外科手术修复。3组病例均由同一术者用改良台湾长庚法修复唇裂畸形及鼻畸形。通过对3组病例术后1年正仰面照片的标记与测量,并对测量结果进行多元方差分析,客观评价术前PNAM矫治及术后佩戴鼻模对单侧完全性唇裂鼻畸形的矫治效果。结果：A组术后1年鼻小柱偏离程度、鼻底宽度对称率、鼻底高度对称率、鼻基部长度与B、C组比较差异均有统计学意义,但术后1年的鼻偏曲度改善无统计学意义。结论：单侧完全性唇裂鼻畸形患儿在婴儿早期行PNAM矫治及术后佩戴鼻模对鼻畸形外形的改善有非常明显的作用,是早期有效改善患者鼻唇部原发畸形的治疗方法,为唇腭裂的序列治疗提供了有效的补充。     

单侧唇腭裂鼻-牙槽骨塑形后同期唇-鼻-牙槽骨整复术

目的:探讨唇腭裂婴幼儿术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形后的同期唇-鼻-牙槽骨整复术的方法与技术,并进行初步疗效评价。方法:对31例单侧完全性唇腭裂婴幼儿进行术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形及同期唇-鼻-牙槽骨整复术。术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形主要包括关闭牙槽骨间隙、唇牵张及鼻矫形;早期同期唇-鼻-牙槽骨整复术,即牙龈-牙周膜-牙槽骨整形术和改良Mohler法单侧唇裂唇鼻畸形同期整复术。采用SPSS10.0统计软件包对所得数据进行t检验。结果:31例唇腭裂婴幼儿经2～3个月术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形,唇裂隙宽度显著变窄(P<0.01),裂隙两侧唇组织适度牵张;鼻小柱延长及鼻塌陷畸形显著改善(P<0.05);牙槽裂隙显著变窄(P<0.01)。术后2例失访,29例患者随访6～30个月,结果显示:上唇和鼻形态俱佳,鼻小柱端正,鼻尖形态改善,双鼻孔、鼻底堤状隆起对称;口腔前庭-鼻腔瘘封闭;27例患者牙槽突裂隙关闭,牙槽骨连续性及稳定性增强并在原牙槽裂隙处有牙萌出,其中13例牙槽嵴高度、宽度及厚度不足;2例仍有1～2mm的牙槽裂隙。结论:单侧完全性唇腭裂患者为了获得理想的唇鼻形态及完整稳定的牙槽骨,术前进行鼻-牙槽骨塑形和同期唇-鼻-牙槽骨整复术是值得采用的序列治疗方法。     

唇腭裂婴儿术前鼻牙槽骨塑形治疗后鼻孔、牙槽和腭部裂隙的变化

目的探讨鼻牙槽骨塑形器应用于完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前矫形的临床效果。方法通过对16例完全性唇腭裂婴儿进行术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治．记录治疗前后患侧鼻孔的宽度、高度,鼻小柱长度和上腭牙槽骨裂隙的变化,观察矫治效果。结果经过90～150d的治疗．9例双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿和7例单侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿的鼻小柱长度和鼻孔宽度高度均有明显的改善．牙槽骨裂隙宽度和硬腭前部裂隙宽度均明显缩小。结论鼻牙槽塑形器能明显改善完全性唇腭裂婴儿的鼻翼和鼻小柱外观,减小牙槽骨和硬腭前部裂隙的宽度,有利于鼻部发育,减少手术难度,提高整复效果。     

新生儿完全性唇腭裂术前鼻撑和正畸治疗的临床观察

目的 观察新生儿完全性唇腭裂术前鼻撑和正畸治疗的效果。方法对38例完全性唇腭裂，通过模型测量矫治前后牙槽裂距的改变，观察治疗效果；用鼻外形的评价标准对术后患儿进行初步评价。结果经过108—152天的治疗，26例单侧完全性唇腭裂齿槽左右裂隙较矫治前平均缩小5．3mm，前后裂距较矫治前平均缩小3．5mm；鼻外形评价的优良率为76％。12例双侧完全性唇腭裂齿槽左侧裂隙平均缩小4．7mm，右侧裂隙平均缩小4．2mm，左右裂距平均扩大1．6mm，前后裂距平均缩小5．1mm，前牙槽突宽度平均增大1．2mm；鼻外形评价的优良率为66％。结论对完全性唇腭裂患者在新生儿期做术前鼻撑和正畸治疗，患儿易适应，有利鼻发育，可减小手术的难度，提高整复效果。     

单侧完全性唇裂修复术同期矫正鼻畸形疗效观察

目的探讨婴幼儿单侧完全性唇裂I期修复术同期矫正鼻畸形的手术方法、可行性及其疗效。方法对5l例单侧完全性唇裂患儿采用Millard I或Ⅱ式手术方法修复唇裂,同期对其鼻畸形进行初步矫正,包括：恢复患侧鼻翼脚的水平高度,使之与健侧对称;重建患侧鼻底形态;延长患侧的鼻小柱长度;恢复患侧鼻嵴和鼻孔大小;鼻外形均得到改善。结果所有患儿均随访36～48个月,患侧鼻翼外侧脚上提内移,鼻小柱变长。所有患儿均未明昆增加术后瘢痕,随访期间均未出现患侧鼻翼发育障碍所致畸形加重。结论单侧完全性唇裂患儿均伴有较严晕的鼻畸形,在I期唇裂修复术同期矫正鼻畸形可以在不增加附加切口的情况下,获得更佳的畸形矫正疗效,患儿术后鼻部的美观和对称性可得到进一步改善,对患侧鼻部的发育未见明显影响。     

单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形整复术的临床分析

目的：通过对单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形整复方法的研究和改进,探讨其理想的手术方式。方法：以61例单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形患者为研究对象,其中男性36例,女性25例,年龄分布范围3～34岁,平均年龄14.6岁。根据不同的鼻畸形程度进行鼻唇肌肉的解剖复位,鼻翼及鼻中隔软骨悬吊复位固定,以及肋软骨塑形后移植,纠正鼻翼和鼻小柱的畸形。结果：61例单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻畸形患者术后外形均得到明显改善,移植肋软骨未发生明显吸收,患者局部伤愈合良好。结论：单侧完全性唇裂术后患者鼻畸形的手术治疗应注重强调个性化处理。针对鼻畸形的原因,从软组织及鼻翼和鼻中隔软骨等多方面进行矫正治疗,才能获得更为理想的整复效果。     

术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形在双侧完全性唇腭裂患儿治疗中的应用

目的：探讨双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形的方法与技术,并进行初步疗效评价。方法：9例双侧完全性唇腭裂婴儿进行术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形治疗。将前颌骨向后移动,排列在两侧牙槽骨之间,使牙槽骨成为较为规则的弧形排列;鼻软骨塑形及鼻小柱延长。采用SPSS15.0软件包对所得数据进行t检验。结果：9例患儿经5个月左右的术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形,前颌骨的前突量从37.64mm减至29.94mm,治疗前、后差异显著（P〈0.01）,牙槽骨排列成较为规则的弧形;鼻翼塌陷畸形得到改善,鼻尖形态改善,鼻底宽度减小（P〈0.05）,鼻小柱得到延长,从1.13mm增加至3.78mm（P〈0.05）。结论：双侧完全性唇腭裂患儿为了获得较为理想的鼻唇形态及牙槽骨的规则弧形排列,术前鼻-牙槽骨塑形是值得采用的序列治疗方法。     

术前鼻模结合手术矫正单侧不完全性唇裂鼻畸形的临床研究

目的：评价采用术前鼻模矫治（PNM）结合唇裂手术初期鼻矫正术治疗单侧不完全性唇裂的临床效果。方法：35例行 PNM单侧不完全唇裂患儿为治疗组;对照组35例未行术前治疗。在矫正前（T0）、唇裂术前（T1）、术后1周（T2）、术后1月（T3）、术后1年（T4）分别拍摄鼻部照片,测量分析鼻孔高度、鼻孔宽度、鼻小柱倾斜度的对称性的变化。结果：T0-T1、T1-T2,患者的鼻孔高度、鼻孔宽度和鼻小柱偏斜度明显改善（P ＜0．05）,在 T2-T3与 T3-T4,改善程度差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。结论：PNM结合唇裂手术初期修复鼻畸形可明显改善鼻部对称性,提高单侧不完全性唇裂鼻畸形的治疗效果。     

唇腭裂新生儿术前矫治方法与技术的探讨及术后疗效评价

目的:探讨唇腭裂新生儿术前鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形的方法与技术并进行初步疗效评价.方法:对10 例单侧唇腭裂新生儿(包括2 例伴对侧I度唇裂)进行术前鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形主要包括鼻矫形、恢复牙弓形态、减小腭部裂隙;矫形后用改良Millard法行单侧唇裂唇鼻畸形同期整复术.采用SPSS 15.0统计软件包对所得数据进行t检验.结果:10 例唇腭裂新生儿经3 个月左右术前鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形,鼻小柱高度、鼻塌陷畸形显著改善及鼻小柱歪斜度减小(P<0.01);唇部软组织裂隙宽度显著变窄(P<0.05),牙槽裂隙及腭部裂隙显著变窄(P<0.01).经矫形的患儿术后鼻对称性得到很好的恢复;唇部形态恢复佳.结论:唇腭裂患者术前进行鼻-腭-牙槽骨矫形是值得采用的序列治疗方法.     

Symmetry of the nose after presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess nostril symmetry and alveolar cleft width in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate following presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM). SAMPLE AND METHODS: Fifty-seven newborn patients underwent presurgical nasoalveolar molding. Magnified basal view facial photos were taken at four different times: initial visit (T1), before cheiloplasty (T2), 1 month after cheiloplasty (T3), and 1 year of age (T4). Direct measurements from the photos included: (1) nostril width on the affected and nonaffected side; (2) nostril height on the affected and nonaffected side; (3) columella-nasal base angle; and (4) width of the alveolar cleft. Nostril width and height data were used to calculate a ratio of affected to nonaffected side. RESULTS: Effects of nasal symmetry after presurgical nasoalveolar molding were compared between the affected and nonaffected side. The nostril width ratio was 1.7, 1.2, 1.0, and 1.2 for T1 to T4. The nostril height ratio was 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and 0.9 for T1 to T4. The angle of the columella was 53.3 degrees , 69.9 degrees , 91.2 degrees , and 86.9 degrees for T1 to T4. The average alveolar cleft width was 8.2 mm at T1 and closed down to 2.4 mm before cheiloplasty (T2) in cases with complete cleft. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with presurgical nasoalveolar molding improved symmetry of the nose in width, height, and columella angle, as compared to their presurgical status. There was some relapse of nostril shape in width (10%), height (20%), and angle of columella (4.7%) at 1 year of age.     

单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术前正畸及手术前后的上腭裂隙变化

目的 探讨单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术前正畸及手术前后的上腭裂隙变化.方法 对18例单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿先用上颌腭托矫治器(PNAM)术前正畸治疗后,再进行唇裂修补手术.采用模型测量方法,比较患儿初诊时、手术前1个月和手术后2个月时的上腭裂隙变化.结果 治疗后患儿唇部外形明显改善,腭部裂隙减小,患侧塌陷的鼻翼穹隆高度恢复.结...     

Presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy for the treatment of bilateral cleft lip and palate: A preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy in the treatment of patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate. DESIGN: A prospective study with blinded measurements. SETTING: The Cleft and Craniofacial Clinic at the University of Texas at Houston Medical School, Houston, Texas. PATIENTS: Eight patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate, treated between 2002 and 2004. INTERVENTIONS: The starting age for presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy was 34.9 days and the average length of the therapy was 212.5 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measurements of intraoral and extraoral casts were performed, and statistical analyses were used to compare the differences between measurements before and after therapy. RESULTS: Intraoral measurements demonstrated that there was a statistically significant reduction of the premaxillary protrusion and deviation. There was also a significant reduction in the width of the larger cleft. Extraoral measurements revealed that there was a significant increase in the bi-alar width and in the columellar length and width. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in columellar deviation. Finally, the nostril heights of both sides were increased. CONCLUSION: The authors have quantitatively shown that presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy has significant advantages in the treatment of bilateral cleft lip and palate patients. It improves the nasal asymmetry and deficient nasal tip projection associated with bilateral cleft lip and palate. It also forces the protruded premaxillary segment into alignment with the dental alveolar segments, improving the shape of the maxillary arch. As a result, the changes associated with presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy help decrease the complexity of subsequent surgeries.     

新生儿唇腭裂术前鼻部矫正效果的初步评价

目的:应用鼻翼-牙槽改建矫治器对唇腭裂新生儿进行早期鼻部治疗,观察该矫治器对鼻翼、鼻小柱的矫治效果。方法:10例在早期行鼻翼-牙槽改建的唇腭裂患儿作为治疗组,10例未经任何术前矫正者作为对照组。在矫正前(T0)、唇裂术前(T1)、术后2周(T2)、术后半年(T3)分别拍摄鼻部照片,用配对t检验分析比较鼻翼、鼻小柱的对称性。结果:治疗组T0-T1、T1-T2,两侧鼻不对称率减小(P<0.05),T2-T3两侧鼻不对称率增大(P<0.05)。治疗组与对照组手术前后鼻不对称率的改变值在垂直方向上有显著差异(P<0.01),水平方向上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:鼻翼-牙槽改建矫治器可明显改善鼻部对称性;术后半年,患侧鼻部有复发趋势,但其鼻翼拱形仍较理想。     

唇腭裂患儿的鼻牙槽塑形治疗:29例临床分析

目的:采用鼻牙槽塑形器对唇腭裂患儿进行术前唇、牙槽裂隙及鼻畸形矫正,观察鼻牙槽塑形疗效,总结矫治过程中出现的问题及解决对策,为鼻牙槽塑形治疗的开展提供参考。方法:选择在本院接受鼻牙槽塑形治疗的患儿29例,其中单侧唇腭裂19例,双侧唇腭裂10例;初诊年龄为出生后3～150d,矫治周期2.5～3个月,每2周复诊,调整矫正器。结果:参照鼻牙槽塑形治疗评价标准,17例患儿矫治成功,唇、牙槽裂隙明显缩小,鼻不对称畸形明显改善,鼻小柱延长;9例好转,唇、鼻畸形部分纠正,利于手术;3例患者放弃治疗。结论:鼻牙槽塑形成功的关键因素包括初诊年龄、印模、腭护板和鼻撑的调整、鼻模的应用;正畸科需要与口腔颌面外科、整形外科医师取得共识,尽早给患儿开始治疗,以提高手术效果。     

Extraoral nasal molding in a newborn with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a case report.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to introduce an extraoral nasal molding appliance (ENMA) and treatment approach for presurgical nasoalveolar molding in newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate. METHODS: A 15-day-old girl presented with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. A circumferential headband supported the actual nasoalveolar molding device, which consisted of a nasal stent made from a 0.8-mm stainless steel helical spring. The spring was activated at 2-week intervals. DISCUSSION: The shape of the cartilaginous septum, alar cartilage tip, medial and lateral crus and alveolar segments were molded to resemble the normal shape of these structures. ENMA can be helpful in any patient with unilateral cleft lip and palate because it is easy to fabricate, practical to activate, and comfortable to wear and use.