每日一次洛匹那韦／利托那韦治疗HIV患者有效

据医业网11月3日报道（原载J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2006；43：153-160），在抗HIV联合治疗中，使用每日一次洛匹那韦／利托那韦配方（Kaletra，雅培），可能与每日两次给药同样有效，并且可改善依从性。     

HIV耐药病人更换含洛匹那韦/利托那韦治疗5年的疗效分析北大核心

目的分析艾滋病病毒(HIV)耐药病人更换为含洛匹那韦/利托那韦(LPV/r)的高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)后的远期疗效。方法采用前瞻性队列研究方法,纳入存在HIV耐药突变的HIV感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人39例,将治疗方案更换为含有LPV/r的抗病毒方案,分别在更换方案的0、6、12、18、24、36、48、60个月时进行CD+4T淋巴细胞计数、HIV-核糖核酸(RNA)及HIV耐药检测。结果 39例病人更换方案前CD+4T淋巴细胞中位数为223个/μL,HIV-RNA中位数为6500拷贝/mL。更换方案后CD+4T淋巴细胞中位数随着治疗时间延长而不断增加,且与更换方案前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HIV-RNA<50拷贝/mL的病人的比例,在更换方案后6、12、18、24、36、48、60个月分别为76.92%(30/39)、89.19%(33/37)、92.11%(35/38)、86.49%(32/37)、84.38%(27/32)、90.32%(28/31)和93.55%(29/31)。在治疗过程中未出现蛋白酶抑制剂耐药突变。结论HIV耐药病人更换为含有LPV/r的治疗方案可获得良好的长期疗效,且不易发生蛋白酶抑制剂耐药突变。     

抗病毒治疗并发严重不良反应后更换洛匹那韦/利托那韦片的疗效观察

目的:评估获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者抗病毒治疗后并发严重不良反应,更换洛匹那韦/利托那韦片(LPV/r)的疗效。方法:回顾性分析8例AIDS患者接受三联抗病毒治疗后并发严重不良反应,人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)RNA已降至     

利托那韦-洛匹那韦方案可使HIV感染者脑脊液的病毒载量减少10倍

据Medscape．com12月21日报道（原载Clin Infect Dis2007；45：1511-1517），最新研究发现，洛匹那韦-利托那韦（LPV-rtv）方案治疗3周可以使大多数的HIV感染者脑脊液中HIV-RNA水平下降10倍。     

依非韦伦和洛匹那韦/利托那韦对成人艾滋病患者血脂水平影响的对比研究

目的:比较依非韦伦与洛匹那韦/利托那韦(lopinavir/ritonavir,LPV/r)对成人艾滋病患者血脂水平影响的差异。方法:纳入2015年1月至2018年10月重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的接受含依非韦伦或LPV/r抗反转录病毒治疗(anti-retroviral therapy,ART)的艾滋病患者。回顾...     

洛匹那韦/利托那韦在新型冠状病毒肺炎合并肿瘤患者中的药物相互作用监护

新型冠状病毒肺炎治疗药物洛匹那韦/利托那韦(LPV/r)是多种细胞色素P 450(CYP 450)酶的抑制剂,又是多种CYP 450酶底物,此外还是P-糖蛋白的抑制剂、葡萄糖醛酸转移酶诱导剂,与很多抗肿瘤药物存在药物相互作用。药品说明书仅列举了少数抗肿瘤药物与LPV/r的相互作用,提供参考信息严重不足。本文系统总结了抗肿瘤药物及常用辅助药物和LPV/r的相互作用及处理建议。     

洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的疗效

目的探讨洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)的有效性及安全性。方法选取2020年1月3日—4月7日于我中心住院治疗的62例新冠肺炎确诊患者作为研究对象,并将其分为治疗组(43例)和对照组(19例),其中对照组采用常规对症支持治疗,治疗组在对照组常规治疗基础上使用洛匹那韦/利托那韦抗病毒治疗;同时,根据患者临床分型对上述患者实施非重症组与重症组亚组分析。比较对照组和治疗组核酸转阴时间、住院时间、退热时间、症状缓解时间及药物不良反应发生情况。结果在非重症组患者中,治疗组与对照组在退热时间、症状缓解时间、核酸转阴时间及住院时间方面的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);而在重症组患者中,治疗组核酸转阴时间显著长于对照组[(23.62±2.12)d vs.(9.25±0.95)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在药物不良反应方面,治疗组腹泻发生率为46.5%,显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但均为轻到中等程度腹泻,经对症治疗后腹泻症状消失。结论洛匹那韦/利托那韦联合干扰素治疗新冠肺炎非重症患者效果不明显,治疗重症患者,核酸转阴时间更长,虽临床应用总体安全性较好,但存在腹泻等不良反应,不推荐使用。     

洛匹那韦/利托那韦及阿比多尔治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎的疗效和安全性观察

目的评价真实世界中洛匹那韦/利托那韦(LPV/r)及阿比多尔治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2020年1月20日至2月10日广州市第八人民医院收治的确诊为COVID-19的178例患者临床资料,根据患者的抗病毒治疗方案,分为LPV/r组59例、阿比多尔组36例、LPV/r与阿比多尔合用组25例及未使用任何抗病毒药物的常规治疗组58例。主要观察终点为咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸转阴时间。结果 LPV/r组、阿比多尔组、合用组及常规治疗组患者治疗前基线情况差异无统计学意义;咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸转阴时间分别为(10.20±3.49)、(10.11±4.68)、(10.86±4.74)、(8.44±3.51)d,各组间差异无统计学意义(F=2.556,P=0.058),且咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸转阴率、临床症状改善率及肺部感染影像学改善率也无明显差别(P>0.05)。但4组治疗7d由普通/轻型转为重型/危重型的比例存在统计学意义的差异(χ2=9.311,P=0.017):合用组(24.0%,6/25),阿比多尔组(16.7%,6/36),LPV/r组(5....     

HIV/HCV合并感染者肝损伤研究进展

由于具有相同的传播途径,人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)和丙型肝炎(丙肝)病毒(HCV)合并感染者多见.据估计,约33%的HIV感染者合并HCV感染,在静脉吸毒、经输血和血制品感染者中,该比例甚至高达85%～90%以上[1-2].本文对HIV/HCV合并感染者肝损伤的研究进展作一综述.     

含克力芝组合的HAART方案对HIV/HCV混合感染的疗效探讨

目的探讨含克力芝(LPV/r)组合的高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)方案,对艾滋病病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)混合感染治疗的效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,选择HIV/HCV混合感染患者43例,通过Spw-Pb网络数据平台随机分为研究组与对照组。研究组22例,采用以洛匹那韦/利托那韦(LPV/r)为基础的HAART治疗方案;对照组21例,采用以依非韦伦(EFV)为基础的HAART治疗方案。研究组与对照组检测基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、HIV病毒载量、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)等指标;治疗后48周分别检测上述指标,研究终点为48周。观察病毒学、免疫学、ALT、CHO、TG等指标的变化。结果 HAART治疗48周,研究组与对照组HIV-RNA阴转率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组与对照组基线CD4+T淋巴细胞、ALT、CHO、TG比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);HAART治疗48周,研究组CD4+T淋巴细胞计数增长明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而研究组与对照组ALT、CHO、TG比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论含LPV/r组合的抗病毒方案对HIV/HCV混合感染治疗效果较优越,CD4+T淋巴细胞增长较明显,胆固醇、甘油三酯变化不大,建议HIV/HCV混合感染HAART治疗选择LPV/r方案为佳。     

Pretreatment assessment and predictors of hepatitis C virus treatment in US veterans coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus

The US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) cares for many human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV)-coinfected patients. VA treatment recommendations indicate that all HIV/HCV-coinfected patients undergo evaluation for HCV treatment and list pretreatment assessment tests. We compared clinical practice with these recommendations. We identified 377 HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans who began HCV therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin and 4135 HIV/HCV-coinfected veterans who did not but were in VA care at the same facilities during the same period. We compared laboratory and clinical characteristics of the two groups and estimated multivariate logistic regression models of receipt of HCV treatment. Overall, patients had high rates of receipt of tests necessary for HCV pretreatment assessment. Patients starting HCV treatment had higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lower creatinine, higher CD4 counts and lower HIV viral loads than patients not starting HCV treatment. In the multivariate model, positive predictors of starting HCV treatment included being non-Hispanic whites, having higher ALTs, lower creatinines, higher HCV viral loads, higher CD4 counts, undetectable HIV viral loads and receiving HIV antiretrovirals. A history of chronic mental illness and a history of hard drug use were negative predictors. Most HIV/HCV-coinfected patients received the necessary HCV pretreatment assessments, although rates of screening for hepatitis A and B immunity can be improved. Having well-controlled HIV disease is by far the most important modifiable factor affecting the receipt of HCV treatment. More research is needed to determine if the observed racial differences in starting HCV treatment reflect biological differences, provider behaviour or patient preference.     

HIV感染者/AIDS病人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡与CD+4T淋巴细胞水平的临床实验研究

目的探讨艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS患者)外周血淋巴细胞凋亡与CD4 T淋巴细胞水平的关系。方法采用流式细胞技术测定HIV/AIDS患者外周血淋巴细胞凋亡百分率和CD4 T淋巴细胞计数。结果各对比组中淋巴细胞调亡百分率有统计学差异(F=898,P<0.01),表现为AIDS组>HIV感染组>对照组(q12=46,q13=58,q23=12,P均<0.01);CD4 T淋巴细胞水平亦呈现出统计学差异(F=13 270,P<0.01),表现为对照组>HIV感染组>AIDS组(q12=33,q13=203,q23=185,P均<0.01)。结论HIV/AIDS患者CD4 T淋巴细胞水平与外周血淋巴细胞凋亡具有一定程度的关联性,为进一步深入研究提供了有益的线索。     

HIV/AIDS合并梅毒患者临床特征及长期抗病毒治疗研究

[摘要]　目的　探讨HIV/AIDS合并梅毒患者临床特征及长期抗反转录病毒治疗（anti-retroviral therapy, ART）的病毒学、免疫学效果以及梅毒复发和/或再感染情况。方法?收集2017年1月1日—2019年12月31日在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院进行初始ART的HIV/AIDS患者的基本信息和实验室检测数据,分析患者的临床特征及其ART后病毒学、免疫学效果以及梅毒复发及再感染情况。结果?共纳入728例HIV合并梅毒感染者,其中99.6%为男性,97.7%为同性性传播感染者,ART时间中位数为950（691,1217） d,从诊断到开始ART的中位时间为15.5（8.0,41.0） d,诊断至开始ART时间≥180 d以上的患者占14.7%（107/728）。经过治疗,患者CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数增加了242（130,369）个/μl,99.3%（723/728）的患者HIV载量控制在400拷贝ml以内。经足量、规律驱梅治疗6～12个月后,梅毒复发和/或再感染率为18.4%（134/728）。结论?HIV/AIDS合并梅毒患者经长期ART后病毒学、免疫学效果良好,梅毒的复发和/或再感染率较高,梅毒足量规则治疗的同时,加强性健康宣教和定期随访复查至关重要。     

Anti-hepatitis C virus treatment may prevent the progression of liver fibrosis in non-responder human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients

AimTo evaluate changes in liver histology in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection non-responders to a suboptimal Interferon + Ribavirine regimen.Materials and methodsWe investigated 49 patients with two sequential liver biopsies: 18 were non-responders to Interferon + Ribavirine treatment (Group hepatitis C virus Rx) administered after the 1st liver biopsy who underwent a 2nd liver biopsy after a median period of 3.92 year and 31 were patients who remained untreated for hepatitis C virus disease (Group hepatitis C virus untreated) after the 1st liver biopsy because of refusal and underwent a 2nd liver biopsy after a median period of 5.05-years. Most patients in both groups were under highly active antiretroviral therapy. At the time of 1st liver biopsy similar degrees of necro-inflammation, fibrosis and steatosis were observed in both groups. Changes in liver lesions between 1st and 2nd liver biopsys were adjusted for different intervals between liver biopsys by a mathematic formula.ResultsLiver fibrosis did not change in 88.9% of patients in Group hepatitis C virus Rx and in 77.4% in Group hepatitis C virus untreated. A marked deterioration in liver fibrosis was observed in 5 (16%) patients in Group hepatitis C virus untreated and in none in Group hepatitis C virus treated. Necro-inflammation and steatosis remained substantially unchanged in both groups.ConclusionLiver histology remained substantially unchanged in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus patients non-responder to anti-hepatitis C virus therapy over 4 years observation, suggesting an effective anti-hepatitis C virus early treatment for all hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected patients who can reasonably tolerate therapy.     

Clinical outcomes of first antiretroviral regimen in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection

OBJECTIVES: Despite the benefits of HAART, initiation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-HCV co-infected patients is often delayed as a consequence of patient and physician concern pertaining to liver toxicity. It is unclear whether this is justified. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated treatment duration and outcome in 186 patients initiating a first HAART regimen. RESULTS: Despite frequent HIV RNA suppression and CD4 T-cell increase following initiation of HAART, the median duration of therapy was only 8 months. Therapy was discontinued primarily for gastrointestinal intolerance (26%), poor adherence (19%), neurocognitive side effects (13%), and substance abuse (6%). Regimes were changed to reduce pill burden and/or frequency of dosing as well (11%). Only six (4%) subjects interrupted therapy as a result of clinically apparent liver toxicity. None were on low dose ritonavir-containing therapy. In those subjects remaining on HAART for at least 12 months, the median ALT level increased marginally from a baseline of 44 IU/mL to 56 IU/mL. The median AST was 44 IU/mL at baseline and at month 12. CONCLUSIONS: These results support our contention that regimen potency, durability, and extrahepatic side effect profile should remain the paramount considerations related to the selection of HAART regimen in HIV-HCV co-infection.