深绿卷柏提取物穗花杉双黄酮抗癌活性研究进展

穗花杉双黄酮是深绿卷柏中的主要活性成分之一,具有抗氧化、降血糖、保护血管、抗炎及抗肿瘤等广泛的药理作用。本文重点阐述穗花杉双黄酮抗肿瘤作用机制,为进一步研究开发穗花杉双黄酮提供理论依据。     

卷柏中穗花杉双黄酮化学对照品的制备方法

目的研究从卷柏中分离穗花杉双黄酮化学对照品的制备方法与分析技术。方法采用溶剂和色谱方法从卷柏中分离、纯化、制备穗花杉双黄酮对照品,以紫外、红外光谱、质谱、氢谱和碳谱鉴定结构,以薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法进行纯度检查。结果制得的穗花杉双黄酮经薄层色谱法检查无杂质斑点,经高效液相色谱法检测纯度达98.5%以上。结论所建立的分离、纯化方法简便,成本低。     

江南卷柏中双黄酮类化学成分研究

目的 研究江南卷柏中的双黄酮类成分.方法 利用色谱法对江南卷柏75％醇提部分的化学成分进行系统分离纯化,利用理化性质及核磁共振图谱等手段对分离得到的单体化合物进行结构鉴定.结果 从江南卷柏中分离得到了5个化合物,分别为穗花杉双黄酮( ametoflavone,1),罗巴斯塔双黄酮-4 ’-甲醚(4’-O-methylrobustaflavone,2),穗花杉双黄酮-4 ’甲醚(4'-O-methylametoflavone,3),穗花杉双黄酮-7-甲醚(7-O-methylametoflavone,4),7,4'-二甲氧基穗花杉双黄酮(7,4 ’-di- O-methylametoflavone,5).结论 其中化合物4为首次从江南卷柏中分离得到.     

5种卷柏科药材的显微与薄层色谱鉴定

目的:建立5种卷柏科药材(卷柏、垫状卷柏、江南卷柏、翠云草、薄叶卷柏)的显微与薄层色谱鉴定方法。方法:对茎横切面进行显微观察及对全草进行薄层色谱研究,通过比较,确立各种药材的鉴别特征。结果:5种药材均有稳定的显微特征及各自的薄层色谱。结论:研究结果为5种卷柏类药材的应用提供了鉴别依据;并说明比较研究是中药鉴定学科中不可忽视的基本方法。     

毛枝卷柏黄酮类成分的研究

目的对毛枝卷柏黄酮类化学成分进行系统研究。方法采用正相硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等分离纯化方法,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱方法鉴定其结构。结果从毛枝卷柏70%乙醇提取物中分离得到5个化合物,分别鉴定为:4'-甲氧基穗花杉双黄酮(1)、穗花杉双黄酮(2)、7,4',7',4'-四甲氧基穗花杉双黄酮(3)、橡胶树双黄酮(4)和2,6,8-三甲基-5,7-二羟基色原酮(5)。结论化合物1~5均首次从毛枝卷柏中分离得到。     

卷柏总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的:通过比较实验室和工业化生产车间制备的卷柏总黄酮提取物中总黄酮及穗花杉双黄酮含量,探讨实验室和工业生产制备的卷柏总黄酮的质量差异。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定卷柏提取物中总黄酮的含量;采用HPLC法测定穗花杉双黄酮的含量,并分析卷柏总黄酮部位中的总黄酮的成分组成。结果:工业化生产车间制备的卷柏总黄酮提取物中各含量指标与实验室制备样品无显著差异。结论:工业化生产车间大生产条件下制备的卷柏总黄酮部位与实验室制备的卷柏总黄酮部位无显著差异,为进一步的新药研究和工业化生产提供了保障。     

石上柏与江南卷柏等混用品的比较鉴定研究

目的:建立中药材石上柏(深绿卷柏Selaginella doederleinii Hieron.的全草)与来源于同属(卷柏属)的易混植物药材江南卷柏等的鉴别方法。方法:广泛收集石上柏等商品药材及饮片样品,采用性状、显微鉴定法进行鉴定研究,并将石上柏与来源于同属的类同品或混用品(江南卷柏、薄叶卷柏、布朗卷柏、翠云草等)进行薄层色谱比较研究。结果与结论:石上柏在性状与显微特征上与混用品江南卷柏有明显差异,薄层色谱与来源于同属其他的混用品间也有显著差别。     

高效液相色谱法快速测定卷柏药材中穗花杉双黄酮含量

目的建立中药卷柏中特征性成分穗花杉双黄酮的快速含量分析方法,比较其在不同卷柏药材中的含量差异。方法采用岛津VP-ODS色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.2%醋酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.2 mL.min-1,检测波长为338 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量10μL。结果穗花杉双黄酮在0.295～8.853μg线性关系良好（r=0.999 99）,平均加样回收率为99.34%,RSD为0.94%（n=6）,其在卷柏药材中的含量为2.176～8.186 mg.g-1。结论穗花杉双黄酮在不同产地、不同品种卷柏中差异较大,本试验为卷柏药材质量评价和优良品种筛选提供简便快捷的方法。     

卷柏和垫状卷柏的鉴别

卷柏为卷柏科植物卷柏［Selaginellatamariscina（Beaur）Spring]和垫状卷拍［Selaginellapuluinata（Hook·etGrey·）Maxim］的干燥带根全草，用于多种血症。由于卷柏和垫状卷柏在我省均有分布，因此对其鉴别特征进行了探讨，以供生产和临床应用参考。1材料与试药卷柏与垫状卷柏采集于泉州郊区，试剂均为分析纯，聚酰胺薄膜由浙江黄岩化学品厂生产。2方法和结果2．1性状卷柏与垫状卷柏性状极为相近，其主要区别点是：卷柏主茎不分枝，基部簇生多数须根、呈律状。小技上腹叶不并行。斜向上，边缘有微齿。而垫状卷柏主茎有的从基部分枝，…     

江南卷柏中的黄酮碳苷类成分研究

目的:研究江南卷柏中的黄酮碳苷类成分。方法:采用溶剂提取、聚酰胺柱色谱、SehpadexLH-20柱色谱分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱分析鉴定结构,并对化合物Ⅰ进行活性测试。结果:从江南卷柏正丁醇部位得到4种黄酮碳苷,鉴定其中3种,分别为芹菜素-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-8-C-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(Ⅱ)和芹菜素-6-C-β-D-吡喃木糖-8-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)。化合物Ⅰ能浓度依赖性地抑制结肠癌细胞环氧化酶-2mRNA的表达。结论:化合物Ⅰ为首次从江南卷柏中分离得到,Ⅱ、Ⅲ为首次从卷柏属中得到。     

柿蒂及其未成熟品的鉴别研究

目的 对柿蒂及其未成熟品进行鉴别研究,为柿蒂的鉴别提供实验依据。方法 采用性状、显微鉴别,薄层鉴别及液相色谱法进行含量测定,对二者进行鉴别研究。结果 两者性状区别明显;显微鉴别石细胞存在明显差异;薄层鉴别中以没食子酸为对照品,未成熟柿蒂中没食子酸丰度明显高于柿蒂;未成熟柿蒂中所含没食子酸含量高于柿蒂。结论 性状鉴别、石细胞显微特征以及没食子酸含量可以为两者的鉴别提供参考依据。     

壮药材滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香比较研究

目的： 建立壮药材滇桂艾纳香专属性检验方法。方法： 采用基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、分子生物学及特征图谱等方法对滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香进行对比研究。结果： 三者的根、茎、叶性状基本相同，区别点在于滇桂艾纳香头状花序小（直径0.5~0.8 cm），东风草头状花序大（直径1.5~2 cm），高艾纳香头状花序具密集的长绒毛；三者的根、茎横切面，粉末显微特征基本相同，高艾纳香具基部膨大的非腺毛；薄层鉴别（1）中高艾纳香比滇桂艾纳香和东风草少1个斑点；薄层鉴别（2）中滇桂艾纳香比东风草和高艾纳香少1个特征斑点；ITS2序列N-J树聚类分析显示三者具有良好的单系性，三者种间最小遗传距离均大于种内最大遗传距离；与滇桂艾纳香对照图谱相比，东风草平均相似度为0.962，高艾纳香平均相似度仅为0.789。结论： 高艾纳香与滇桂艾纳香区别较大，不宜混用，在日常使用中应注意甄别；东风草与滇桂艾纳香在性状、显微、薄层、分子生物学、特征图谱等方面相似度较高，在对二者进行充分的药理活性以及临床试验等基础上，可考虑作为滇桂艾纳香的替代品使用，以缓解药用资源不足的问题。     

Chlorogenic acid, an antioxidant principle from the aerial parts ofArtemisia iwayomogi that acts on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical

The antioxidant activity ofArtemisia iwayomogi was determined by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical The methanol extract ofA. iwayomogi showed strong antioxidant activity, and thus fractionated with several solvents. The antioxidant activity potential of the individual fraction was in the order of ethyl acetate>n-butanol>water>chloroform>n-hexane fraction. The ethyl acetate andn-butanol soluble fractions exhibiting strong antioxidant activity were further purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant chlorogenic acid was isolated as one of the active principles from then-butanol fraction, together with the inactive components, 1-octacosanol, scopoletin, scopolin, apigenin 7,4′-di-O-methylether luteolin 6,3′-di-O-methylether (jaceosidin), apigenin 7-methylether (genkwanin), 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxyacetophenone 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and quebrachitol. The antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid was comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid, which is a well known antioxidant.     

檀香及两个易混品的鉴别研究

目的 通过对正品檀香与两份易混品进行比较研究,证明易混品与正品有明显区别.方法 通过性状鉴别、显微鉴别,结合薄层色谱和挥发油含量测定,对3份样品进行比较鉴定.结果 2种易混品与正品檀香显微特征、薄层色谱和挥发油含量均有明显差异.结论 两种易混品与正品檀香有区别,不可代檀香药用.     

Antiulcer Activity of the Root Bark of Oroxylum indicum. Against Experimental Gastric Ulcers

Abstract

The current study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the root bark of Oroxylum indicum. Vent. (Bignoniaceae) against experimental gastric ulcers. The 50% alcohol extract of root bark of Oroxylum indicum. and its different fractions, viz., petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n.-butanol, were studied (p.o.) against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. The alcohol extract (300 mg/kg) and its different fractions (100 and 300 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in gastric ulceration. Out of all these fractions, the petroleum ether (96%) and n.-butanol (99%) fractions showed maximum inhibition of gastric lesions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. The results were comparable with omeprazole (reference standard). In the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model, treatment with both the active fractions and omeprazole showed significant antioxidant activity as evident from the reduction in the extent of lipid peroxidation that was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA), along with significant rise in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione levels (GSH), when compared with the control group. In 6-h pylorus-ligated animals, active fractions of drug at 100 mg/kg showed significant reduction in the ulcer index. Furthermore, in the pylorus-ligation model, significant reduction (p < 0.05) was observed in total acidity, total acid output, pepsin activity, and pepsin output, along with a significant rise in the total carbohydrate to protein ratio (reflecting mucin activity) when compared with the control group. TLC studies revealed the presence of baicalein in the petroleum ether and hydrosylate in n.-butanol fraction. Fingerprinting of both the active fractions was developed by performing HPLC analysis. Baicalein was found to be a major flavonoid present both in petroleum ether and n.-butanol hydrosylate. The mechanism of its antiulcer activity could be attributed to a decrease in gastric acid secretory and antioxidant activities leading to gastric cytoprotection. This activity could be linked to the presence of baicalein in the root bark of the plant.     

Antioxidant Potential of Gynura procumbens

Abstract

The leaves of Gynura procumbens (Merr.) Compositae, commonly called “sambung nyawa” in Malaysia, are often eaten raw with rice. The methanol extract was prepared from the dried leaves using a Soxhlet apparatus. The methanol extract was then fractionated into chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions using a separating funnel. In the current study, the antioxidant potency of G. procumbens extract and fractions were investigated, employing various established in vitro systems, such as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, β -carotene–linoleic acid model system, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, reducing power, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Based on the results obtained, the extract and fractions showed different antioxidant potential. Among the fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction displayed higher antioxidant properties. The contents of the potential antioxidant component of the extract and fractions were also determined using HPTLC densitometric and spectrophotometric (using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent) methods. HPTLC study revealed that the methanol extract and the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions contain 0.74% and 2.9%, 7.76% and 12.75%, and 4.52% and 0.33% of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin, respectively. The total phenolic content of the extract and fractions varied from 4.37% to 23.43% of dry weight, expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). With further data analysis, it was found there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the total phenolic content of the sample and its DPPH scavenging activity and reducing power with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.891 and 0.926, respectively. These results suggest that phenolics in these plants provide substantial antioxidant activity.     

Antioxidant phenolic compounds and flavonoids of Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze in vitro

Different solvent extracts of leaves and bark of Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) Kuntze were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively, for antioxidant properties. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined as pyrocatechol and rutin equivalents, respectively, and correlated with antioxidant activities. More polar solvent extracts (n-butanol and ethyl acetate) had relatively higher antioxidant activity than nonpolar solvent extracts (petroleum ether). The n-butanol extract also exhibited a higher phenolic and flavonoid content than the other solvent extracts did. The DPPH assay was highly correlated with the ABTS assay (R ² = 0.9628, P < 0.0001). Two phenolic and four flavonoid compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate leaf extracts. Compounds 3–6 were isolated for the first time from the genus of Mitragyna and compound 5 showed the highest antioxidant activity.     

蒙药巴特日七味丸不同提取部位体外抗菌活性筛选和急性毒性研究

目的 考察蒙成药巴特日七味丸不同提取部位对临床常见7种致病菌的体外抗菌活性,并对筛选出的有效活性部位进行急性毒性评价。方法 采用微孔板TTC法和微孔板比浊法测定吸光度（OD）值和最低抑菌浓度（minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC）,观察巴特日七味丸不同提取部位的抗菌作用,并初步确定其有效活性部位;以巴特日七味丸水提物为对照,采用小鼠半数致死量（half lethal dose,LD₅₀）和最大耐受量试验对巴特日七味丸有效活性部位进行急性毒性评价。结果 巴特日七味丸6种提取部位,包括石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯-正丁醇和水残余等部位均具有一定的抗菌活性,其中乙酸乙酯-正丁醇部位具有较强的抗菌活性,并对金黄色葡萄球菌和肠炎沙门氏菌的抑菌作用较强,MIC分别为0.04,0.08 mg·mL^-1。巴特日七味丸水提物和有效活性部位均没有出现LD₅₀值;最大耐受量相当于临床成人（体质量70 kg）安全用药剂量的120倍左右,均未出现急性毒性现象。结论 巴特日七味丸不同提取部位均具有抗菌活性,其乙酸乙酯-正丁醇部位活性较强,并且急性毒性较低,其作用机制有待于进一步研究。     

Antioxidant properties and chemical constituents of ethanolic extract and its fractions of Ocimum gratissimum

In this study, chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Ocimum gratissimum (Og) were investigated. Leaves of Og were extracted using ethanol to obtain an ethanolic crude extract (ECE), and then ECE was sequentially partitioned with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and deionized water to give the corresponding petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction, and water fraction. Total phenolic contents of ECE and its fractions were estimated using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, and total flavonoid contents were assessed using a colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, total antioxidant capacity assay, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) free radical scavenging assays. All samples of Og exhibited activity in all in vitro antioxidant assays, and EAF exhibited the highest activity among the tested samples. By further purification procedure, four compounds were isolated from EAF. They were identified as: β-sitosterol (1), ursolic acid (2), salvigenin (3), and trans-ferulic acid (4) by analyses of NMR and MS spectral data. EAF is rich in antioxidants that can be used as an effective preservative in food industry.     

滇南金线兰的植物形态和显微鉴定

目的 对滇南金线兰进行生药鉴定,明确其原植物形态和显微特征。方法 采用生药学鉴定方法,观察滇南金线兰的原植物形态、组织构造及粉末显微特征。结果 叶片呈卵形或卵状披针形,具金红色叶脉,花不倒置,唇瓣黄色,呈Y字形,前部明显扩大并2裂,裂片狭长圆形或狭倒披针形,中部收狭成长10 mm左右、其边缘具狭翅。显微结构中,根、茎横切面中皮层明显,具草酸钙针晶、黏液细胞等;叶横切面上表皮细胞乳突状,下表皮气孔类型多样,以不定式气孔为主。粉末中可见草酸钙针晶和导管。结论 滇南金线兰的生药鉴定为其资源开发利用提供了参考依据。