Pulmonary rehabilitation improves heart rate variability at peak exercise,exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appear to have impaired cardiac autonomic modulation with depressed heart rate variability (HRV). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended as an integral part of the management. However, the effect of PR on HRV at peak exercise remains unclear.

Methods

Sixty-four patients with COPD participated in a 12-week, 2 sessions-per-week, hospital-based PR program. Baseline and post-PR status were evaluated by spirometry, HRV, health-related quality of life (HRQL, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ), cardiopulmonary exercise test, respiratory muscle strength, and dyspnea Borg's scale.

Results

After PR, there were significant improvements in the time and frequency domains of HRV with increased standard deviation of the normal R–R intervals, difference between adjacent normal R–R intervals within a given time minus one, high-frequency and decreased low-frequency, as well as concurrent improvements in HRQL, exercise capacity, dyspnea score, and respiratory muscle strength (all p < 0.05).

Conclusions

PR results in significant improvements in autonomic function, with concurrent improvements in HRQL and exercise capacity.     

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in COPD patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Objectives

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), quality of life and exercise capacity are altered in relationship to dyspnea. Benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on quality of life, dyspnea, and exercise capacity were demonstrated, but when it is associated to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), its efficacy on dyspnea is not demonstrated. The aim of this systematic review with meta‐analysis was to verify the effect of IMT using threshold devices in COPD patients on dyspnea, quality of life, exercise capacity, and inspiratory muscles strength, and the added effect on dyspnea of IMT associated with PR (vs. PR alone).

Study selection

This systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted on the databases from PubMed, Science direct, Cochrane library, Web of science, and Pascal. Following key words were used: inspiratory, respiratory, ventilatory, muscle, and training. The searching period extended to December 2017. Two reviewers independently assessed studies quality.

Results

Forty‐three studies were included in the systematic review and thirty‐seven studies in the meta‐analysis. Overall treatment group consisted of six hundred forty two patients. Dyspnea (Baseline Dyspnea Index) is decreased after IMT. Quality of life (Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire), exercise capacity (6 min walk test) and Maximal inspiratory pressure were increased after IMT. During PR, no added effect of IMT on dyspnea was found.

Conclusion

IMT using threshold devices improves inspiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity and quality of life, decreases dyspnea. However, there is no added effect of IMT on dyspnea during PR (compared with PR alone).     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸训练新方法的临床应用研究

目的 观察针对COPD呼气流速受限的呼吸训练新方法的有效性,期望为COPD患者呼吸训练提供新的更为有效的方法.方法 选取2015年1月至2015年12月我院就诊的40例重度与极重度COPD稳定期患者作为研究对象,随机分成A组和B组,各20例,B组给予基础性药物治疗,A组在B组的基础上给予呼吸训练新方法,比较2组治疗前后的6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、功能性呼吸困难评分(MRC)、最大呼气压力(MEP)、最大吸气压力(MIP)及肺通气功能,同步由患者完成圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评分.结果 A组治疗后的MRC、SGRQ评分显著低于治疗前,6MWD、MEP、MIP及深吸气量(IC)显著高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),肺功能其他指标包括FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV较训练前无显著性变化(P值均＞0.05).B组6MWD、MRC、SGRQ评分、MEP、MIP及肺通气功能各项指标较8周前无显著变化(P＞0.05).结论 针对COPD呼气流速受限的呼吸训练能明显改善重度至极重度COPD患者的呼吸困难,提高日常生活活动能力和生存质量,增加运动耐力和呼吸肌功能,是一种简单易行的适合于重度至极重度COPD患者的呼吸训练锻炼方法.     

A randomized controlled trial on inspiratory muscle training in pulmonary hypertension: Effects on respiratory functions,functional exercise capacity,physical activity,and quality of life

BackgroundImpaired respiratory muscle function may be one of the causes of increased dyspnea, reduced exercise capacity, and physical activity (PA), and poor quality of life in pulmonary hypertension (PH).ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT) on respiratory functions, functional exercise capacity, PA, and QoL in patients with PH.MethodsThirty patients with PH were randomly allocated to a TIMT (n = 15) and sham group (n = 15). Three patients in the sham group could not participate in the program. The TIMT group (n = 15) trained at 30% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and the sham group (n = 12) performed at lowest pressure without change in threshold pressure. In both groups, patients performed TIMT at home for 15 min, twice per day, with the MIP load determined by the trainer, and were supervised once weekly at the hospital for eight weeks. The primary outcomes were MIP and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). The secondary outcome measures included spirometric measurements, six-minute walking distance (6MWD), PA (SenseWear armband and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form-IPAQ-Short Form), and QoL (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure-MLHF).ResultsAfter the training, changes in MIP (p = 0.023) were higher in the intervention group compared with the sham group. Differences in MEP, FEV1 (%), FVC (%), FEV1/FVC (%), 6MWD, %6MWD, IPAQ-SF, MLHFQ, and armband parameters were not significantly different between the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of the study demonstrated that TIMT could increase MIP and did not improve other parameters of respiratory functions, functional exercise capacity, PA, and QoL in patients with PH.     

Pulmonary rehabilitation for idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis: A retrospective study on its efficacy,feasibility, and safety

BackgroundThe beneficial effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (IPPFE) remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of PR for IPPFE.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 25 patients with IPPFE referred for PR between April 2007 and March 2017. The PR mainly consisted of a 10-week exercise training program. The primary outcome was a change in 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Secondary outcomes included changes in dyspnea (transition dyspnea index [TDI]), anxiety and depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale [HADS]), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (St George's respiratory questionnaire [SGRQ]).ResultsThirteen patients participated in the PR program (PRP). Recurrent pneumothorax was the most common reason for patients not participating in the PRP. Four patients discontinued the PRP due to the recurrence of pneumothorax, new onset of pneumomediastinum, stroke, and another reason, respectively. Nine patients completed the PRP. Significant improvement was observed in 6MWD (median [interquartile range], 90 m [55–116 m]; P = 0.033). Clinically important improvements in the 6MWD, and TDI, HADS-anxiety, HADS-depression, and SGRQ total domain scores were observed in seven (78%), five (56%), four (44%), four (44%), and five (56%) of the nine patients, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with IPPFE benefited from PR in terms of exercise capacity, dyspnea, anxiety, depression, and HRQoL. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum may impede the implementation of a PRP for patients with IPPFE. While careful patient selection is required, PR may be an efficacious non-pharmacological approach for managing disabilities in patients with IPPFE.     

Effectiveness of 12‐week inspiratory muscle training with manual therapy in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled study

The benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients with COPD were reported. However, its effects are limited in severe COPD patients. Further researches are required in new and complementary modalities demonstrating IMT efficacy in severe COPD patients. This study aims to investigate effects of manual therapy (MT) additional over IMT on functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life in severe COPD patients. Sixty patients with COPD in GOLD stage III–IV were included in this prospective single‐blind randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either MT additional over IMT at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (n = 30) or only IMT (n = 30) for 12 weeks. MT group received MT during 12 weeks for 30 min additional to IMT. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life were evaluated by spirometry, mouth pressure device, six‐minute walk test, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, fatigue severity scale, and St. George''s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), respectively. MT group had significantly greater improvement in FEV1%, FVC%, PEF%, respiratory muscle strength, function, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life compared with IMT group (p < 0.05). 6MWT (p < 0.001, effect size Cohen''s d: 0.915), MIP (p < 0.001, effect size Cohen''s d: 1.235), and mMRC score (p < 0.001, effect size Cohen''s d: 0.982) were significantly improved in IMT with MT group. This study demonstrated that subjects in IMT with MT group had improved outcomes in functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue perception, and quality of life compared with alone IMT group.     

Is there any treatment other than drugs to alleviate dyspnea in COPD patients?

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often limited in their activities by breathlessness. In these patients, exercise training may result in significant improvements in dyspnea, exercise tolerance, and health related quality of life (HRQoL). Further possibilities are to reduce ventilatory demand by decreasing the central respiratory drive or to lessen the perceived breathing effort by increasing respiratory muscle strength through specific respiratory muscle training. Upper limb training may also improve exercise capacity and symptoms in these patients through the modulation of dynamic hyperinflation. Ventilatory assistance during exercise reduces dyspnea and work of breathing and enhances exercise tolerance, although further studies should be required to define their applicability in the routine pulmonary rehabilitation programs. Lung volume resection surgery and lung transplantation in selected patients may control symptoms and improve HRQoL.     

The effect of body mass index on functional parameters and quality of life in COPD patients

Malnutrition increases dyspnea and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients by effecting respiratory muscle strength (RMS) and thereby decreasing quality of life (QoL). This is a prospective study conducted to find out the differences due to pulmonary function tests (PFT), arterial blood gases (ABG), RMS, exercise capacity (EC) and QoL in COPD patients having low and normal body mass index (BMI). The study was carried out between April 2003-June 2004 and included 65 male COPD patients with a mean age of 63.4 +/- 9.6. The patients were grouped into 2: Low BMI group (BMI < 21) and normal BMI group (BMI= 21-28). All patients were investigated with PFT (spirometry, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, diffusion capacity), ABG analyses, Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale, determination of EC by 6 minutes walking test (6 MWT) and determination of QoL by Turkish version of St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Of these cases, 29 (44.6%) had low and 36 (55.4%) had normal BMI; MMRC was higher in the first group without statistical significance (p= 0.074). The first group demonstrated significantly lower diffusion capacity (DLco) and DLco%, PEmax, PEmax%, RMS and RMS% (p< 0.05). ABG analyses, 6 MWT results and SGRQ symptom scores revealed no significant difference. As a conclusion, BMI is closely related to dyspnea score, RMS and QoL in COPD patients, therefore in patients with low BMI pulmonary rehabilitation programs including nutritional support should accompany medical treatment.     

Respiratory muscle weakness and its association with exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

IntroductionAlthough COPD patients commonly present respiratory complaints despite pharmacological treatment, dyspnea does not correlate directly and linearly with spirometric data, a fact that makes it difficult to select patients for pulmonary rehabilitation. Thus, seems logical that the measurement of respiratory muscle strength could help in this initial assessment if it presents a good correlation with exercise capacity. The aim of this study is to assess whether patients with muscle weakness, characterized as a reduction in maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) below 70% of predicted value, have a good relationship between the assessed respiratory muscle strength and the exercise capacity measured by the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) in patients with COPD.MethodsPatients diagnosed with COPD according to the 2019 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) on regular use of their medications, without exacerbations for 3 months or more and with respiratory muscle weakness (PImax < 70% of predicted) performed 6MWT in a 30‐m‐long flat corridor.ResultsData from 81 patients were analyzed. There was a strong correlation between the distance of the 6MWD with the PImax (r = 0.764, p < 0.0001). When separating the sample by the 350‐m cut in the 6MWD, we found that the patients with the worst performance in the test are those who present the greatest respiratory muscle weakness.ConclusionPImax correlates well with exercise capacity, and patients with respiratory muscle weakness could be referred to a pulmonary rehabilitation protocol tied to inspiratory muscle training.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者呼吸肌肌力和耐力的测定

呼吸肌功能测定通常包括呼吸肌肌力（ＲＭＳ）和呼吸肌耐力（ＲＭＥ）。应用自行研制的ＲＭＳＥ－１型呼吸肌功能测定仪对健康正常人和缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者进行测定。如果表明，缓解期ＣＯＰＤ患者ＲＭＳ指标如最大吸气口腔压（ＭＩＰ）和最大呼气口腔压（ＭＥＰ）与正常人组差异无显著性；而ＲＭＥ指标如最大吸气负荷（Ｌｏａｄ＿ｍ）、最大负荷时的平均口腔压（Ｐ＿（ｍｅａｎ））以及最大负荷时的最大持续吸气压（ＳＩＰ＿ｍ）与ＭＩＰ之比（ＳＩＰ＿ｍ／ＭＩＰ）较正常人组明显减低，差异非常显著。提示ＲＭＥ测定较ＲＭＳ测定更为敏感。认为ＲＭＥ测定作为呼吸肌功能评定的客观方法，对观察ＣＯＰＤ患者呼吸肌锻炼效果和指导呼吸康复治疗有重要意义。     

Clinical outcomes of expiratory muscle training in severe COPD patients

The most common symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are breathlessness and exercise limitation. Although both general and inspiratory muscle training have shown clinical benefits, the effects of specific expiratory muscle training remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of expiratory training on lung function, exercise tolerance, symptoms and health-related quality of life in severe COPD patients. METHODS: Sixteen patients (FEV(1), 28+/-8% pred.) were randomised to either expiratory muscle or sham training groups, both completing a 5-week programme (30 min sessions breathing through an expiratory threshold valve 3 times per week) (50% of their maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) vs. placebo, respectively). Lung function, exercise capacity (bicycle ergometry and walking test), and clinical outcomes (dyspnoea and quality of life (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)) were evaluated both at baseline and following the training period. RESULTS: Although lung function remained roughly unchanged after training, exercise capacity, symptoms and quality of life significantly improved. The improvement in both walking distance and the SGRQ score significantly correlated with changes in MEP. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that a short outpatient programme of expiratory training can improve symptoms and quality of life in severe COPD patients. These effects could be partially explained by changes in expiratory muscle strength.     

Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Including Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease after Stratification by the Degree of Static Hyperinflation

Background

Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) improves inspiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity and health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is no additional effect on top of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). It is unclear whether patients with different baseline degrees of static hyperinflation respond differentially to IMT as part of a PR program. Therefore, the aim was to study the effects of IMT as an add-on on PR after stratification for baseline degrees of static hyperinflation.

Methods

In this single center retrospective study data were extracted between June 2013 and October 2020 of COPD patients who participated in a comprehensive PR program including IMT. IMT was performed twice daily, one session consisted of 3 series of 10 breaths and training intensity was set initially at a load of approximately 50% of patients’ maximal static inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP). The primary outcome measure was MIP. Secondary outcomes were the distance achieved on the 6-min walk test (6MWD), endurance cycling exercise capacity at 75% of the peak work rate (CWRT) and disease-specific health status using the COPD assessment test.

Results

754 patients with COPD were screened for eligibility and 328 were excluded because of repeated PR programs, missing data or baseline residual volume (RV)?>?350%. In total, 426 COPD patients were categorized into RV categories 50–130% (n?=?84), 131–165% (n?=?86), 166–197% (n?=?86), 198–234% (n?=?85) and 235–349% (n?=?85). In the whole sample, MIP, endurance exercise capacity and health status improved significantly. The change in 6MWD was higher in the lowest baseline degree of static hyperinflation [+?39 (9–92) m] compared with the baseline highest degree of static hyperinflation [+?11 (??18–54) m] (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions

IMT as part of a PR program in patients with COPD with different baseline degrees improved MIP irrespective of the degree of static lung hyperinflation. Improvement in functional exercise capacity was significantly higher in the group with the lowest degree of static hyperinflation compared with the patients with the highest degree of static hyperinflation.

     

Respiratory and limb muscle function in lung allograft recipients.

Lung transplantation recipients have reduced exercise capacity despite normal resting pulmonary and hemodynamic function. The limiting factor may be contractile dysfunction of skeletal muscle. To test this postulate, we measured limb and respiratory muscle function in nine clinically stable lung allograft recipients (six men and three women, aged 30 to 65 yr, at 5 to 102 mo after transplantation) with reduced exercise capacity. Respiratory muscle strength was tested by measuring maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (MIP and MEP, respectively). Ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength was measured during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). In a subset of six recipients, we also measured contractile properties and fatigue characteristics of the tibialis anterior muscle, using electrical stimulation of the motor point. Data were compared with values from age- and sex-matched control subjects. MIP values of transplant recipients did not differ from control values; however, MEP was blunted by 30% relative to control (p < 0.05), and MVC was decreased by 39% (p < 0.05). The force-frequency relationships and fatigue characteristics of the tibialis anterior were not different between the patient and control groups. We conclude that stable lung allograft recipients experience expiratory and lower limb weakness that may contribute to exercise intolerance.     

慢性阻塞性肺病体重指数与肺功能的相关性研究

目的通过比较低体重指数和正常体重指数慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者的肺功能、血气、呼吸困难评分、运动能力和呼吸肌肉功能,探讨COPD患者体重指数和肺功能的相关性。方法选稳定期中重度COPD患者为研究对象,均为男性,以体重指数（BMI）≤18．5kg／m^2者为低体重指数组和30〉BMI〉18．5kg／m^2为正常体重指数组;比较两组肺功能、血气、6分钟步行距离和最大吸气压和最大呼吸压,分析BMI和上述各项指标的相关性。结果低体重组21例,正常体重组19例,两组肺功能、血气、呼吸困难评分、6分钟步行距离无统计学差异;最大呼气气压两组无统计学差异,但最大吸气压正常体重指数组高于低体重指数组,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）;相关性分析表明除最大吸气压与BMI有较强的相关性外（相关系数0．301,P〈0．05）,其余各指标与BMI相关性均无统计学差异。结论COPD患者的体重指数和最大吸气压可能有一定的相关性。     

Effects of Pulmonary Hypertension on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

IntroductionThe impact of pulmonary hypertension (PH) on exercise tolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been fully elucidated. It is necessary to characterize pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with moderate to severe COPD in order to improve their management. The aim of the study was to determine whether in COPD the presence of PH is associated with reduced exercise tolerance in a cohort of stable COPD patients.MethodsCross-sectional analysis of 174 COPD patients clinically stable: 109 without PH and 65 with PH (COPD-PH). We assessed socio-demographic data, lung function, quality of life, dyspnea, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), constant workload endurance time (CWET), and six-minute walk test (6MWT). We elaborated a logistic regression model to explore the impact of PH on exercise capacity in COPD patients.ResultsCOPD-PH patients showed lower exercise capacity both at maximal (CPET) (43(20) versus 68(27) Watts and 50(19)% versus 71(18)% predicted peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak), COPD-PH and COPD, respectively), and at submaximal tests (6MWT) (382(94) versus 486(95) m). In addition, the COPD-PH group had lower endurance time than the non-PH COPD group (265(113) s and 295(164) s, respectively).ConclusionsThe presence of PH is an independent factor that impairs exercise capacity in COPD.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力下降的生理学研究

目的研究平板踏车联合无创正压通气（NIPPV）运动锻炼对COPD患者呼吸生理学的影响,探讨与运动耐力改善相关的生理学机制,期望为COPD患者呼吸康复提供新的更为有效的方法。方法按2011年修订版GOLD标准选择稳定期重度至极重度COPD患者为研究对象,分为3组：即平板踏车联合NIPPV运动锻炼组（A组）、平板踏车运动锻炼组（B组）、既无NIPPV又无平板踏车运动锻炼组（C组）,每组观测20例。在运动锻炼前后分别测定6MWD、MRC评分、MEP、MIP及肺通气功能。结果经平板踏车联合NIPPV运动锻炼后COPD患者6MWD、MEP、MIP明显增加（P〈0．01）,MRC评分明显降低（P〈0．01）,肺功能FEV1％pred、FEV1／FVC、MVV、PEF等指标稍有改善,但锻炼前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;而MVV则有明显改善（P〈0．01）,差异具有统计学意义。结论重度至极重度稳定期COPD患者在平板踏车上进行面罩NIPPV运动锻炼有助于改善其运动耐力和吸气肌力,缓解呼吸困难,是一种较好的适合于重度至极重度稳定期cOPD患者的呼吸康复锻炼方法。     

Influence of inhaled procaterol on pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive condition that classically causes dyspnea during physical activity. Destruction of alveoli and bronchostenosis are thought to lead to shortness of breath and result in decreased physical activity. In this study, we examined the influence of inhaled procaterol on exercise therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation.MethodsPatients with moderate to severe stable COPD were randomly divided into 2 groups those who inhaled procaterol before exercise (n=10) and those who did not (control group) (n=11). For 12 weeks, all patients performed their pulmonary rehabilitation exercises at home. We measured the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) to assess exercise tolerance and used St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before and after the 12-week exercise program.ResultsCompared to the control group, the group receiving inhaled procaterol showed significant improvement of 6MWD and SGRQ scores.ConclusionOur data suggest that a pulmonary rehabilitation program combined with inhaled procaterol can improve both HRQOL and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.     

Effect of high-intensity exercise on cerebral,respiratory and peripheral muscle oxygenation of HF and COPD-HF patients

ObjectiveTo investigate cerebral oxygenation (Cox) responses as well as respiratory (Res) and active peripheral muscle (Pm) O₂ delivery during high-intensity cycling exercise and contrast responses between patients with coexistent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-heart failure (HF) and HF alone.MethodsCross-sectional study involving 11 COPD-HF and 11 HF patients. On two different days, patients performed maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and constant load exercise on a cycle ergometer until the limit of tolerance (Tlim). The high-intensity exercise session was 80% of the peak CPET work rate. Relative blood concentrations of oxyhemoglobin ([O₂Hb]), deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) of Res, Pm (right vastus lateralis) and Cox (pre-frontal) were measured using near infrared spectroscopy.ResultsWe observed a greater decrease in [O₂Hb] at a lower Tlim in COPD-HF when compared to HF (P < 0.05). [HHb] of Res was higher (P < 0.05) and Tlim was lower in COPD-HF vs. HF. Pm and Cox were lower and Tlim was higher in (P < 0.05) HF vs. COPD-HF. In HF, there was a lower ∆[O₂Hb] and higher ∆ [HHb] of Pm when contrasted to Cox observed during exercise, as well as a lower ∆ [O₂Hb] and higher ∆ [HHb] of Res when contrasted with Cox (P < 0.05). However, COPD-HF patients presented with a higher ∆ [HHb] of Res and Pm when contrasted with Cox (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The coexistence of COPD in patients with HF produces negative effects on Cox, greater deoxygenation of the respiratory and peripheral muscles and higher exertional dyspnea, which may help to explain an even lower exercise tolerance in this multimorbidity phenotype.     

多系统萎缩与帕金森病患者肺及呼吸肌功能检测意义

目的 评估多系统萎缩(MSA)和帕金森病(PD)患者的呼吸功能.方法 对临床诊断的16例MSA、20例PD患者及17例年龄、性别匹配的正常对照者行肺及呼吸肌功能测定.结果 MSA组较PD组肺一氧化碳弥散量(DLCO)占预测值百分比降低[(62.86±15.66)％比(76.67±18.98)％,P＜0.05].两组最大吸气压(MIP)占预测值百分比[MSA组(39.08±22.99)％、PD组(39.83±24.83)％比对照组(57.44±19.90)％,P＜0.05]、最大呼气压(MEP)占预测值百分比均较对照组均降低[MSA组(49.59±22.97)％、PD组(49.26±22.86)％比对照组(77.10±21.46)％,P＜0.001].结论 临床相对常见神经系统变性病MSA和PD均存在呼吸功能受累,以呼吸力学功能障碍为著;MSA患者可能还存在肺换气功能障碍.应重视神经变性病患者呼吸功能.