Effect of temporary cements on the microtensile bond strength of self-etching and self-adhesive resin cement

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of self-etching and self-adhesive resin cement systems to dentin affected by the presence of remnants of either eugenol-containing or eugenol-free temporary cements. Materials and methods. Thirty extracted teeth were obtained and a flat dentin surface was exposed on each tooth. Acrylic blocks were fabricated and cemented either with one of two temporary cements, one zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and one eugenol free (ZOE-free), or without cement (control). After cementation, specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 1 week. The restorations and remnants of temporary cements were removed and dentin surfaces were cleaned with pumice. Resin composite blocks were cemented to the bonded dentin surfaces with one of two resin cements, either self-etching (Panavia F 2.0) or self-adhesive (RelyX U-100). After 24 h, the specimens were sectioned to obtain beams for submission to µTBS. The fracture mode was evaluated under a stereoscopic loupe and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data from µTBS were submitted to two-way repeated-measure ANOVA and the Tukey test (alpha = 0.05). Results. The cross-product interaction was statistically significant (p < 0.0003). The presence of temporary cements reduced the bond strength to Panavia self-etching resin cements only (p < 0.05). Fracture occurred predominantly at the dentin–adhesive interface. Conclusions. The presence of eugenol-containing temporary cements did not interfere in the bond strength to dentin of self-adhesive resin cements.     

酸蚀处理对新型自粘接树脂水门汀Clearfil SA Luting粘接性能影响的研究

目的：评价酸蚀处理对自粘结树脂水门汀Clearfil SA Luting与牙釉质和牙本质粘结强度的影响。方法：选取新鲜拔除的无龋坏人第三磨牙36个,制备近、远中牙釉质粘结面和颊侧牙本质粘结面,随机分为3组（n=12）,分别选用Clearfil SA Luting（SAC）、磷酸酸蚀配合Clearfil SA Luting进行粘结,测试两种处理方式对SAC与牙釉质、牙本质粘结强度的影响,同时与对照组Panavia F（PF）的粘接结果进行对照,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果：牙釉质粘结强度测试结果显示,磷酸酸蚀配合SAC组（39.64±6.24）MPa显著高于未酸蚀组SAC（27.25±7.03）MPa组与对照组PF（22.92±7.13）MPa（P〈0.05）,但SAC未酸蚀组（27.25±7.03）MPa与对照组PF（22.92±7.13）MPa间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。牙本质粘结强度测试结果显示,SAC未酸蚀组（10.09±3.26）MPa与PF对照组（14.23±6.39）MPa之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但均显著高于SAC配合磷酸酸蚀组（1.13±1.12）MPa（P〈0.05）。结论：酸蚀处理可以显著提高自粘结树脂水门汀SAC与牙釉质粘结强度,但却降低了其与牙本质粘结效果。     

酸蚀处理对新型自粘结树脂水门汀粘结强度的影响

目的:评价酸蚀处理对新型自粘结树脂水门汀Unicem与牙本质和牙釉质之间粘结强度的影响。方法:选取新鲜拔除的无龋坏人第三磨牙36个,制备颊侧牙本质粘结面和近、远中牙釉质粘结面,随机分为3组,每组12个牙,分别选用Unicem、磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem和Panavia F(对照组)进行粘结处理,分别测试牙本质、牙釉质粘结强度,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果:在牙本质粘结强度上,Unicem组(12.84±2.29 MPa)与Panavia F组(14.93±3.73 MPa)之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem组(9.12±1.54 MPa)(P<0.05);牙釉质粘结强度上,磷酸酸蚀配合Unicem组(17.24±7.62 MPa)和Panavia F组(17.99±3.66 MPa)无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于Unicem组(6.47±1.54MPa)(P<0.05)。结论:酸蚀处理可以显著提高自粘结树脂水门汀Unicem牙釉质粘结强度,却降低了牙本质粘结效果。     

底涂剂的化学处理对二氧化锆陶瓷树脂粘接效果的影响

目的 评估专用底涂剂的化学处理对二氧化锆陶瓷与自粘接型树脂水门汀间粘接效果的影响。方法 2.5 mm厚可切削二氧化锆陶瓷片（Vita InceramYZ）经烧结、研磨、清洗后,一半的陶瓷试件表面在0.3 MPa压力下接受50 μm Al2O3颗粒喷砂处理20 s。使用X射线荧光光谱仪对研磨和喷砂组的陶瓷表面成分进行定性定量分析。研磨和喷砂组的陶瓷片各分为2组：一组直接与自粘接型树脂水门汀（Biscem）进行粘接,另一组经底涂剂（Z Primer Plus）处理后与Biscem进行粘接。各实验组试件再分为两个亚组（n=10）经0、10000次冷热循环后接受剪切粘接 强度测量。使用多因素方差分析对数据进行统计。结果 喷砂后的陶瓷表面会有质量比为8.27%的Al2O3颗粒附着。 与喷砂处理相比,底涂剂处理对冷热循环前粘接强度的提高更加显著。冷热循环前后,未经过底涂剂处理的陶瓷与 树脂间粘接强度的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但经过底涂剂处理后陶瓷与树脂间粘接强度的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 底涂剂的化学处理能够显著提高二氧化锆陶瓷与自粘接型树脂水门汀的初期粘接强度,但在耐 久实验条件下其粘接界面不稳定,会出现快速老化。     

不同表面预处理对自黏结树脂水门汀釉质黏结性能影响的研究

目的:研究、测评不同表面预处理对自黏结树脂水门汀ClearfilTM SA Cement釉质黏结强度以及黏结界面微观形态的影响。方法:选取新鲜拔除的无龋损人磨牙24个,每个牙齿切取近中、远中釉质试件各1片,共获得48个釉质试件,分别用自凝树脂包埋并经水砂纸打磨后随机分为3个表面预处理组和1个对照组(自黏结组),分别进行不同表面预处理后制作自黏结树脂水门汀黏结试件,用万能材料试验机测试各组试件的剪切强度,并在SEM下观察其黏结界面。结果:磷酸预处理组黏结强度最高(39.64±6.24)MPa,与其他各组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),随后依次为自酸蚀黏结剂预处理组(33.36±5.86)MPa、全酸蚀黏结剂预处理组(31.42±4.82)MPa和不作表面预处理的自黏结组(27.25±7.03)MPa。SEM观察各组黏结界面均结合紧密,磷酸和全酸蚀黏结剂预处理组可见树脂突形成。结论:不同表面预处理对自黏结树脂水门汀ClearfilTM SA Cement釉质黏结强度提高程度不同,本实验条件下以磷酸预处理最好。     

Influence of different drying methods on microtensile bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to dentin

Objective. This study investigated the effect of different drying methods of dentin surface on the bonding efficacy of self-adhesive resin cements (SRCs). Materials and methods. Three SRCs (RelyX U200, RU; Maxcem Elite, ME; and BisCem, BC) and one resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2, RL) were used. The characteristics of the materials were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and surface roughness and contact angle measurements. Human dentin surfaces were finished with 600-grit silicon carbide paper and assigned to three groups according to these drying methods: ethanol dehydration, drying by waiting for 10 s after blot-drying and blot-drying. The four cements were used for luting composite overlays to the dried dentin. After 24 h storage at 37°C and 100% relative humidity, stick-shaped specimens with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm² were prepared and stressed to failure in tension at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (n = 27). Failure modes of fractured specimens were assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Results. RL was the most hydrophilic, followed by BC and ME and then RU. All the luting cements luted to ethanol-dehydrated dentin showed zero bond strengths. For the three SRCs, drying by waiting produced higher microtensile bond strengths than blot-drying. RU showed the best bonding performance in the above two dentin conditions. RL showed significantly higher bond strength in blot-drying condition than in drying-by-waiting (p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study suggests that dentin surface moisture has a crucial effect on the bond strength of SRCs.     

粘接处理剂对自粘接树脂水门汀和RMGIC的牙本质粘接强度的影响

目的:实验评价牙本质粘接处理剂对自粘接树脂水门汀和树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(RMGIC)的牙本质微拉伸粘接强度的影响.方法:选用离体人无龋第三恒磨牙24颗,用低速切片机垂直于牙体长轴方向将磨牙冠(牙合)中1/3交界线处切开待用.实验组牙本质表面涂布牙本质粘接处理剂,对照组不涂粘接处理剂.后将试样分别用自粘接树脂水门汀(Unicem,3M ESPE;seT PP,SDI)或树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(Fuji CEM,GC)原位对位粘接.水浴中储存24h后,用低速切片机把样本切割成约1mm×1mm×8mm条状,随后进行微拉伸测试.用扫描电镜观察粘接界面形貌.结果:无论是否使用粘接处理剂,Unicem的牙本质粘接强度显著高于seT PP 和Fuji CEM(P <0.01).与对照组相比,实验组的粘接强度显著提高(P <0.05).结论:粘接处理剂表面处理增强自粘接树脂水门汀及树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀的牙本质粘接强度.     

自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem牙本质粘结强度的评价

目的 评价自酸蚀树脂水门汀ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度并探讨酸蚀对其粘结强度的影响。方法 选择离体无龋第三恒磨牙15颗。沿垂直于牙体长轴方向将磨牙冠中1/3处切开,将牙本质面分别用自酸蚀树脂水门汀Panavia F和Resi-Cem原位对位粘结。其中ResiCem组牙本质面分别用磷酸酸蚀0、5、10、15 s。用低速切片机把样本切割成约1 mm×1 mm×8mm条块后进行微拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察粘结界面。结果 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度[(16.9±5.3)MPa]与Panavia F[(17.0±5.2)MPa]间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。磷酸酸蚀显著地降低ResiCem与牙本质间的粘结强度(P<0.05),并随着酸蚀时间的延长而降低。结论 ResiCem的牙本质微拉伸粘结强度与Panavia F相当,但酸蚀会降低ResiCem的牙本质粘结强度。     

An effect of immediate dentin sealing on the shear bond strength of resin cement to porcelain restoration

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to determine differences in shear bond strength to human dentin using immediate dentin sealing (IDS) technique compared to delayed dentin sealing (DDS).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty extracted human molars were divided into 4 groups with 10 teeth each. The control group was light-cured after application of dentin bonding agent (Excite® DSC) and cemented with Variolink® II resin cement. IDS/SE (immediate dentin sealing, Clearfil™ SE Bond) and IDS/SB (immediate dentin sealing, AdapterTM Single Bond 2) were light-cured after application of dentin bonding agent (Clearfil™ SE Bond and Adapter™ Sing Bond 2, respectively), whereas DDS specimens were not treated with any dentin bonding agent. Specimens were cemented with Variolink® II resin cement. Dentin bonding agent (Excite® DSC) was left unpolymerized until the application of porcelain restoration. Shear strength was measured using a universal testing machine at a speed of 5 mm/min and evaluated of fracture using an optical microscope.

RESULTS

The mean shear bond strengths of control group and IDS/SE group were not statistically different from another at 14.86 and 11.18 MPa. Bond strength of IDS/SE group had a significantly higher mean than DDS group (3.14 MPa) (P < .05). There were no significance in the mean shear bond strength between IDS/SB (4.11 MPa) and DDS group. Evaluation of failure patterns indicates that most failures in the control group and IDS/SE groups were mixed, whereas failures in the DDS were interfacial.

CONCLUSION

When preparing teeth for indirect ceramic restoration, IDS with Clearfil™ SE Bond results in improved shear bond strength compared with DDS.     

不同牙本质清洁剂对牙本质与自粘接树脂水门汀粘接强度的影响

目的 评价乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）和次氯酸钠（NaClO）对自粘接树脂水门汀与牙本质间粘接强度的影响。方法 选择新鲜无龋、无裂纹的人离体前磨牙27颗,去除颊侧釉质,暴露浅层牙本质,随机分为对照组（A组）、EDTA组（B组）和NaClO组（C组）。分别选用蒸馏水、3%EDTA溶液和1%NaClO溶液处理牙本质表面后与自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem进行粘接,将其中24个试件置于37 ℃生理盐水中浸泡24 h后测定剪切强度,采用SPSS 17.0统计学软件对数据进行统计分析,在扫描电镜（SEM）和体视显微镜下分别观察粘接界面及断裂模式。结果 A组与B组的剪切强度分别为（8.55±0.63） MPa和（8.47±0.56） MPa,二者间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;C组的剪切强度为（12.97±0.59） MPa,与A组和B组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。SEM下观察可见,C组自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质间结合紧密,但均未见树脂突,而A组与B组粘接界面均不理想。体视显微镜下观察可见,A组与B组试件破坏模式以内聚破坏为主,C组试件全部为内聚破坏。结论 1%NaClO处理牙本质可以提高自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间的粘接强度,3%EDTA处理对提高自粘接树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间的粘接强度无影响。     

酸蚀对自黏结树脂水门汀与牙本质黏结强度的影响

目的:评价酸蚀预处理对自黏结树脂水门汀Unicem、G-Cem、Clearfil SA Cement、BisCem与牙本质微拉伸黏结强度的影响。方法:选用人无龋离体第三恒磨牙32颗,用低速切片机将选用磨牙冠1/4处沿垂直于牙体长轴方向切开,暴露牙本质。实验组在牙本质表面涂布37%磷酸,冲洗、吹干,对照组不做处理。然后将各组与直径为5 mm、高为4 mm的树脂块分别用 Unicem、G-Cem、Clearfil SA Cement、BisCem进行黏结。水浴24 h后,用低速切片机将样本切割成约1 mm×1 mm×8 mm条状,再进行微拉伸测试,并通过扫描电镜观察黏结界面。采用SPSS16.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:Unicem组（12.9±3.2） MPa、G-Cem组（11.7±2.6） MPa及Clearfil SA Cement组（10.9±2.3） MPa与牙本质的微拉伸黏结强度显著高于BisCem组（6.8±2.4） MPa（P<0.05）。酸蚀预处理后,Unicem组（9.2±2.5） MPa、G-Cem组（6.1±2.3） MPa及Clearfil SA Cement组（4.8±1.7） MPa黏结强度显著降低（P<0.05）,而BisCem组（7.1±2.9） MPa黏结强度无显著差异。结论:牙本质的表面酸蚀预处理降低了自黏结树脂水门汀G-Cem、Clearfil SA Cement及Unicem 的牙本质黏结强度,但对BisCem的牙本质黏结强度无显著影响。     

Nd:YAG激光对自黏结树脂水门汀与牙本质黏结强度的影响

目的:采用剪切强度实验和扫描电镜,评价脉冲Nd:YAG激光对自黏结树脂水门汀与牙本质之间黏结强度的影响。方法:选择新鲜、无龋、无裂纹的人离体前磨牙10颗,分为颊、舌2部分,暴露牙本质黏结面,形成20个测试试件,随机分为激光组和对照组(n=10)。激光组以0.8W、10Hz脉冲Nd:YAG激光作用于涂墨汁的牙本质表面25s,联合自黏结树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem充填;对照组直接使用自黏结树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem充填于牙本质表面,放置在37℃生理盐水中24h后,测试剪切强度,在牙科显微镜下观察断裂模式并分类。采用SPSS 17.0软件包对数据进行统计学处理。最后,扫描电镜下观察试件的树脂水门汀-牙本质的纵剖面。结果:对照组和激光组的剪切强度分别为(9.48±1.80)MPa和(11.15±1.71)MPa,有显著差异(P<0.05)。牙科显微镜下观察,2组试件断裂大部分发生在树脂水门汀-牙本质界面。扫描电镜观察,2组自黏结树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间结合较紧密,但均未见树脂突。结论:Nd:YAG激光(0.8W、10Hz)处理牙本质,能提高自黏结树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem与牙本质之间的黏结强度。     

The effect of sandblasting on adhesion of a dual-cured resin composite to methacrylic fiber posts: microtensile bond strength and SEM evaluation

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength of a dual-cured resin composite to fiber posts. METHODS: Thirty-two glass methacrylate-based fiber posts (GC Corp.) were used in the study. Posts were divided into two groups, according to the surface pretreatment performed. Group 1: sandblasting (Rocatec-Pre, 3M ESPE). Group 2: no pretreatment. In each of the two groups posts received three types of additional "chair-side" treatments. (1) Silane application (Monobond S, Ivoclar Vivadent); (2) adhesive application (Unifil Core self-etching bond, GC); (3) no treatment was performed. A dual-cured resin composite (Unifil Core, GC) was applied on the posts to produce cylindrical specimens. Specimens were cut to obtain microtensile sticks that were loaded in tension at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/min until failure. The morphology of the post/composite interface and the post surface morphology were evaluated under SEM. Statistical analysis was performed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey test for post hoc comparisons (p<0.05). RESULTS: Post surface pretreatment did not prove to be a significant factor in post-composite bond strength (p=0.08), whereas "chair-side" treatment modalities and the interaction between pretreatment and treatment showed a significant influence on bond strength (p<0.001). When no "chair-side" treatment was performed, bond strength was significantly higher on sandblasted posts. Additional adhesive application resulted in significantly lower bond strength on sandblasted posts. When no pretreatment was performed, silane application resulted in higher bond strength than adhesive application. CONCLUSIONS: Sandblasting may give an increase in microtensile strength to methacrylate-based glass fiber posts, eliminating the need for additional "chair-side" treatments. Reducing the number of clinical steps could contribute to simplify the clinical procedures.     

Microtensile bond strength tests: scanning electron microscopy evaluation of sample integrity before testing

The failure of a certain number of microtensile specimens during their preparation and before loading is a common and undesirable occurrence. This study was aimed at observing, under a scanning electron microscope, enamel and dentin microtensile specimens, in order to find structural faults that might be responsible for their premature failure. In a sample of 80 sticks, none of the specimens was found to be free of defects. These may consist of microcracks in enamel, most often at the periphery of the stick, or in dentin at the level of hybrid layer. Gaps were often seen at the interfaces between the substrates. Voids were sometimes visible within the resin composite thickness. Enamel specimens tended to exhibit more defects than dentin specimens. It is fair to suspect that, because of the brittleness of the tissue, enamel microtensile specimens are intrinsically more prone to failure, thus yielding bond strengths which are not significantly higher than those measured on dentin specimens. This leads one to question the reliability of the microtensile method for testing adhesion on enamel. It seems sensible to develop a method for a quantitative assessment of specimens integrity before loading as a possible predictor for their performance under load.     

Bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to root dentin. Comparison of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming technique with needle and ultrasonic irrigation

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with various irrigating solutions on the bond strength of a self-adhesive resin cement to root dentin. Materials and methods. Seventy-two mandibular premolar roots were divided into six groups after post space preparation and treated with a needle irrigation with distilled water and NaOCl, ultrasonic irrigation with NaOCl, PIPS with NaOCl, PIPS with EDTA and PIPS with distilled water at 0.3 W, 15 Hz and 20 mJ per pulse for 60 s. Fiber posts were cemented with a newly marketed, self-adhesive resin cement. The data obtained from the push-out tests were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD post-hoc tests (p = 0.05). Results. PIPS with distilled water resulted in higher push-out values than those of needle (with both distilled water and NaOCl) and ultrasonic irrigation (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The use of PIPS may provide higher bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to root dentin than needle and ultrasonic irrigation techniques.     

Influence of the curing mode on the degree of conversion of a dual-cured self-adhesive resin luting cement beneath ceramic

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the effect of the delayed photoactivation and ceramic barrier on the degree of conversion (DC) of self-adhesive resin cement. Materials and methods. Circular specimens (5 mm in diameter × 1 mm in thickness) of the RelyX U-100 resin cement were made using the following curing protocols (n = 10): (G1) 40 s beneath a IPS Empress II ceramic; (G2) 40 s of direct photocuring; (G3) 80 s beneath the ceramic; (G4) 80 s of direct photocuring; (G5) self-curing; (G6) 5 min in the absence of light (self-curing) followed by transceramic photocuring for 40 s; (G7) 5 min in the absence of light (self-curing) followed by transceramic photocuring for 80 s. All the specimens were photoactivated by LED (800 mW/cm²). After 24 h of dry storage, the DC was measured by FTIR, on the top surface of the specimens. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Results. Direct photocuring with no ceramic interposition, regardless of the curing time (40 s and 80 s) promoted the highest conversion mean (56.79 ± 1.19 and 59.98 ± 2.93, respectively) and the 5 min delay time for the transceramic photocuring presented a similar mean compared to the immediate transceramic photocuring. The DC was influenced by the ceramic barrier, decreasing the conversion values (49.72 ± 1.91 for 40 s and 52.36 ± 2.50 for 80 s), with no statistical difference from the groups with the previous 5 min of photoactivation delay. The self-cure only showed the worst DC values. Conclusion. Direct photocuring provided a higher degree of conversion for the self-adhesive resin cement. The delayed light activation did not influence the degree of conversion for the resin cement tested.     

Bonding effect of adhesive resin cement to ZrO2−Al2O3 composite ceramics (3Y20A)

ZrO₂−Al₂O₃ Composite Ceramics (3Y20A) has been discussed as a reinforcing material for castable glass ceramics. It is a goal of this study to obtain stable adhesive strength of 3Y20A using adhesive resin cement. As for the experimental conditions, four types of adhesive resins and three surface treatment methods were selected, and the effect of their bonding strength was compared. As a result, the surface roughness of 3Y20A was increased and its bonding strengh was improved with a 46% hydrofluoric acid treatment and 5-atm alumina sandblasting. In addition, the use of a silane coupling agent has a tendency to improve bonding strength. After 10,000 thermal cycles, the bonding strength of Panavia 21 was more stable than that of Super Bond C & B, Imperva Dual cement, and Bistite Resin Cement.

     

Dentin treatment effects on the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements

Mazzitelli C, Monticelli F, Toledano M, Ferrari M, Osorio R. Dentin treatment effects on the bonding performance of self-adhesive resin cements. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 80–86. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci
The effects of dentin surface treatments on the microtensile bond strengths and on the interfacial characteristics of self-adhesive resin cements were investigated. Flat dentin surfaces were obtained from human molars and were treated as follows: (i) no treatment of dentin; (ii) 0.1 M EDTA scrubbed for 60 s; or (iii) 10% polyacrylic acid applied for 30 s. Three self-adhesive cements were used to lute composite overlays on deep-coronal dentin surfaces in the presence of simulated pulpal pressure (15 cm of H₂O). Bonded specimens were cut into beams 1 mm thick and stressed in tension until failure. Fractured sticks were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Additional specimens were stained with Masson's trichrome and observed under light microscopy for interfacial evaluations. The bond strength to dentin of the hydrophobic and solvent-free cement (RelyX Unicem) was unaffected by the tested dentin treatments. The bond strength of the 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based cement (Bis-Cem) decreased after treatment of dentin with EDTA and/or polyacrylic acid. The hydrophilic and water-containing cement (G-Cem) attained a higher bond strength when luted on polyacrylic acid-conditioned dentin. In conclusion, smear layer removal, opening of dentinal tubules, and the water content of dentin differently influence the bond strengths and the interfacial characteristics of self-adhesive cement–dentin interfaces.