腰椎退变误诊为骨转移瘤1例报告

患者女 ,66岁。因腰痛伴双下肢麻木 2年 ,加重 1个月入院。病人 2年来反复腰部胀痛 ,不向双下肢放散。多于劳累、步行后出现或加重 ,于平卧硬板床、休息后好转。腰痛时多伴双下肢麻木、酸痛。近 1个月无明显诱因上述症状加剧 ,双踝轻度肿胀 ,步行困难。经卧硬板床、牵引、理疗、小针刀治疗缓解不明显。查体 :腰部生理曲度正常 ,腰脊柱内弥漫压痛 ,腰椎棘突上、棘突间压痛及叩痛明显 ,向双下肢放散不明显。腰椎主动活动 :屈 30°、伸 10°、双侧屈均 2 0°。双下肢皮肤感觉无异常 ,肌力、肌张力无异常 ,左膝腱、跟腱反射稍减弱 ,右侧正常 ,病…     

巨大椎管内蛛网膜囊肿行囊肿-腹腔分流1例

患者，男，60岁，因反复腰痛伴双下肢游走性疼痛9年入院，病程初期双下肢无麻木不适，至入院前2月开始患者自觉双下肢疼痛较前加重，需扶拐行走，并出现双足底及左足第4、5趾皮肤麻木。查体：跛行步态，脊柱无侧弯，胸腰段略有后凸畸形，腰椎活动受限，胸腰段棘突有明显叩痛，     

腰大肌表皮样囊肿1例报告

1病历资料 患者,女,43岁.主诉右侧腰背部疼痛、不适5个月入院.查体:腰椎生理曲度存在,腰椎活动略受限,T12～L2棘突旁压痛、叩痛(+),无放散痛,双下肢感觉、运动良好,肌力Ⅳ级,深反射对称,病理反射未引出.CT示:右侧腰大肌内可见类圆形囊性占位;腰椎MRI报告:右侧腰大肌囊性病变,未能明确性质.诊断为:腰大肌肿物.手术:右侧肾切口,分离至L2水平至腰大肌,完整剥出肿物约有鸡卵大小,切开见囊内为淡黄色液体及豆腐渣样物,并有少量毛发(图1～3).病理报告表皮样囊肿.术后未出现神经损伤症状,随访1年无复发.     

小儿椎管内神经鞘瘤一例报告

患儿男,10岁,因腰痛伴左大腿疼痛20余天入院。患儿不明原因出现腰背及左下肢疼痛,门诊以“腰痛待查”收入院。查体:患儿呈屈膝、屈髋侧卧位,双侧骶棘肌紧张,胸腰段脊柱侧后凸,棘突广泛性叩击痛,双下肢被动伸直时腰及双下肢剧烈疼痛,但肌力正常。两侧膝腱反射均消失,病理反射未引出。X线片示腰椎右侧凸,生理曲度消失。L1-2～L5S1椎间盘及L1～S1椎体经CT检查均未见明显异常。C-反应蛋白、血沉、链球菌溶血素“O”等实验室检查未见异常。入院后给予理疗、抗炎等对症处理无效,后静滴甘露醇及地塞米松脱水,疼痛症状减轻。胸腰椎增强MRI显示…     

腰椎椎体骨折手术后并发格林巴利综合征1例

<正>1病例资料47岁男性患者,因高处坠落致腰部疼痛、活动受限5h入院。查体:平卧位,脉搏78次/min,呼吸18次/min,血压112/78mm Hg,神志清楚,心、肺、腹查体无特殊,腰椎生理曲度变直,未见明显后凸畸形,皮肤无破溃,L3椎体棘突压痛明显,叩击痛阳性,无伴双下肢放射痛,腰椎主被动活动受限,双下肢感觉存在,肌力5级,生理反射存在,病理反射未引出,无大小便障碍。入院近期无腹泻、胃肠不适、感冒、发热病史。结合影像学检查诊断为L3椎体爆裂性骨折。术前     

腰椎硬膜外布鲁氏菌脓肿1例报告

布鲁氏菌脊柱炎是一种非常少见的脊柱感染,以侵犯椎体最多见,形成腰椎管脓肿的病例较为少见,于后壁形成脓肿者未见报道.我院收治1例腰椎椎管后壁硬膜外布鲁氏菌脓肿患者,报道如下. 患者女性,54岁.3个月前无明显诱因出现腰痛,2个月前疼痛逐渐加重伴双下肢疼痛麻木.发病以来无发热,无午后低热,无盗汗、乏力等.在当地医院就诊,行腰椎MRI检查,诊断为"腰椎管内转移瘤",建议患者行PET-CT检查,并给予口服止痛药物对症治疗,疼痛症状控制差.患者因腰痛伴下肢放射痛剧烈来我院就诊.查体:头颈部、心肺腹未见异常.脊柱无明显畸形,未见明显包块.腰椎前屈、后伸、侧弯及旋转活动明显受限.L3、L4棘突压痛明显,有叩痛和放射痛.     

腰椎间盘脱入硬脊膜后致截瘫一例报告

患者,男,59岁,病案号:130053。主因腰痛并双下肢麻痛、无力15天,大小便失禁5天,于1995年5月8日入院。查体:双下肢瘫软,自主行走困难,双侧骶棘肌紧张,腰3～5棘突部有压痛,叩击痛,向右臀部放射。肛门反射及右侧提睾反射未引出,左侧减弱。腰后伸时疼痛及放射痛加重。双下肢肌力Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,肌张力明显减弱,右小腿内外侧及足背感觉减退,双侧膝腱反射、跖及跟腱反射未引出,无病理征。行Omnipaque椎管造影(x=ray号:09120),揭示腰_3椎体下缘完全性阻断。脑脊液常规及生化正常。腰椎CT未见骨质破坏及椎间盘突出。硬膜脊髓内组织分辨不满意。分析为椎管内占位性     

后路椎间盘镜下腰椎管内骨软骨瘤切除1例

<正>患者,男,45岁,工人。因"右小腿外侧间歇性麻木1个月"入院。患者于1个月前无明显诱因出现右小腿外侧麻木,行走或弯腰活动时明显。无腰腿疼痛、无力及二便障碍。查体:腰椎生理曲度存在,无侧凸,腰部棘突无叩、压痛,双下肢直腿抬高试验90°阴性,感觉、肌力无减退,双侧跟腱反射、膝反射正常,双侧Babinski     

脊髓纵裂1例报告

患者：男性，22岁，主因腰部不适1个月来诊，体格检查：神志清楚，语言流利，查体合作，自然体位，四肢肌力，肌张力正常，脊柱外观无畸形，腰椎棘突及椎板无压痛及双下肢放射痛，腰椎活动范围正常，双下肢感觉及运动正常，     

石骨症并腰椎滑脱症1例

1 病例资料 患者,女,60岁,农民,数年前无明显诱因出现活动后腰痛,休息后好转.2年前因腰痛入院检查时发现石骨症.近2年来腰痛症状逐渐加重,口服止痛药、休息可短暂缓解疼痛,活动后腰痛反复发作,影响患者日常生活.2012年2月26日拟"石骨症、腰椎滑脱症"收住入院.查体:腰椎前凸明显,活动受限,骶棘肌痉挛,压痛(+),L3~5棘突间可触及台阶感.步态正常.双下肢感觉、运动及反射未见明显异常.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.