乳前牙反的追踪观察研究

目的:探讨乳前牙反与恒前牙反、磨牙关系及类骨面畸形的关系。方法:对102例口腔社区调查中诊断为乳前牙反的儿童,6年后进行追踪调查。以同期调查中无乳前牙反及恒前牙反的102名儿童作为对照,进行牙颌发育情况的检查。结果:乳前牙反组102例中,51例(50.0%)为恒前牙反。与个别乳前牙反组相比,多个相邻乳前牙反组演变为恒前牙反的危险度比值比为6.8(95%可信限2.7～17.6),达到统计学显著水平。且多个乳前牙反组类错及骨面畸形的罹患率均明显高于对照组及个别前牙反组。结论:多个乳前牙反,尤其是多个相邻乳前牙反应是临床矫治工作的重点。     

上颌方丝弓矫治器加下颌He垫矫治前牙反He

为了探讨更有效地矫治后Ｈｅ的方法,本文选择了１９例恒前牙Ｈｅ,反覆Ｈｅ深而反覆盖浅,下牙列基本整齐,磨牙关系基本中性的病例,采用上颌方丝弓加下颌后牙Ｈｅ垫相结合的方法进行矫治,结果平均６月完成矫治。结论对具有深反覆Ｈｅ的恒前牙反Ｈｅ,采用上颌方丝弓与下Ｈｅ垫相结合的方法矫治,简化了治疗,缩短了疗程,提高了矫治效率。     

前牙反He乳牙列的测量分析

目的：分析乳前牙反Ｈｅ对牙列的影响。方法：作者对２６名３～５岁前牙反Ｈｅ之乳牙列进行测量,对其牙列宽度、长度、高度的均值及未端平面的类型进行分析。结果：各项牙列宽度、长度均为上颌大于下颌,除下颌牙列宽度为男性大于女性外,其余各项男女间均无显著性差异;末端平面双侧性多于混合性。其中双侧近中型占８０．７７％,双侧垂直型为７．６９％,未见远中型。混合性均为近中型＋垂直型,为１１．５４％。结论：乳前牙反Ｈ     

西安地区乳前牙反He牙弓形态特征的研究

通过对西安地区６０名乳前牙反Ｈｄ有１３０名乳牙正常Ｈｅ牙弓形态特征的调查结果显示：反Ｈｅ组上牙弓长度及宽度均小于正常Ｈｅ组，下牙弓则大于正常Ｈｅ组，长度的差异程度较宽度明显。牙间隙上牙列较正常Ｈｅ组少，下列较正常Ｈｅ组多。     

哺乳方法在乳牙前牙反He关系的探讨

作者于１９９０年３月－１９９１年５月对四川省双流县华阳镇２１９４名中小学生进行了错Ｈｅ畸形调查。发现多个相邻乳牙前牙反Ｈｅ对有乳牙反Ｈｅ的构成比有人工喂养组，辅助人工喂养组显著高乳喂养组。人经喂养、辅助人工喂养对多个相邻乳牙前牙反Ｈｅ的相对危险度分别为２．５３。２．６８。在排 其它可能引起反Ｈｅ的因素后，人工喂养辅助人工喂养仍为显著意义的危险因素。     

前牙区暂时性错He两年纵向观察分析

儿童替牙早期，常在前牙区出现恒中切牙间隙，恒切牙歪斜、拥挤等症状。通过取牙Ｈｅ石膏模型和摄全景片的方法，对９１名儿童从小学１年级起连续观察２年。发现：（１）中切牙间隙发生率第２年显著低于第１年；（２）切牙歪斜发生率也呈明显下降趋势；（３）前牙拥挤情况２年相仿。认为中切牙间隙和切牙歪斜的发生都与侧切牙胚有关，随恒侧切牙的萌出，症状得到改善，前牙区的拥挤可能与同名乳恒切牙近远中径差值有关，因此双尖牙替     

功能调节器矫治乳前牙反He对恒切颌影响的头影测量研究

目的 通过对反Ｈｅ矫治前、后及追踪复查的头影侧位片进行测量分析,说明功能调节器（ＦＲ３）矫治乳牙反ｅ对上下颌骨及恒胚牙的生长发育具有重要意义。方法 ＦＲ３矫治乳前牙反Ｈｅ１７例,男８例,女９例,年龄平均５．６岁。对矫治前、后及矫治后与追踪的头影侧位片进行测量分析,研究矫治乳牙反Ｈｅ对恒牙胚及颌骨的影响,并追踪观察其矫治效果。结果 矫治后Ｐｔｍ－６距、Ｐｒｍ－ＡＮＳ距、ＳＮＡ角显著增大,上恒切牙胚向     

恒牙初期前牙反He治疗前后下颌咀嚼运动轨迹的比较研究

目的：评价恒牙初期前牙反Ｈｅ及其正畸治疗对下颌咀嚼运动的影响,方法：在磁电转换式下颌运动轨迹描记仪（ＭＫＧ）的基础上,结合计算机图像处理技术开发了相应的计算机软硬件系统,对１５名恒牙初期前牙反Ｈｅ病人正畸治疗前后的下颌咀嚼运动轨迹进行了研究,并与３０名正常Ｈｅ青少年进行对照,结果 前牙反Ｈｅ的咀嚼运动轨迹向前下者居多,闭口末集中性不佳,轨迹不规则,不稳定,缺乏Ｈｅ接触的侧向滑动,循环为垂直上下,缺     

儿童骨性前牙反He颅面形态的类型研究

由于Ⅲ类错Ｈｅ形成的表面具复杂和多样性，本文目的是探讨骨性前牙反Ｈｅ儿童面形态的类型研究对象为１０－１３岁一前牙反Ｈｅ患者，共６９便，其中男性３５例，女性３４例，平均１１．６岁。通过反映颅底结构、上颌和下颌骨长度、面部矢状和垂直向关系、牙及牙槽、软组织形态的１９项头测量指标的样本聚类分析，将本组病例儿童的颅面形态划分为四个亚类，其中上颌发育不足、下颌长度正常，但位置前移以及产下面高不足是儿童骨性前     

乳牙反He的调查与分析

目的：本文通过普查,了解乳牙反Ｈｅ的患病率,调查分析其病因。方法：对８１３名２－６．５岁儿童进行口腔检查,其中６９名乳牙反Ｈｅ患者进行家长问卷调查,临床资料作统计与分析。结果：乳牙反Ｈｅ患者的患病率为８．４９％,四个年龄组中有３－４岁组最高,５－６．５岁组最低,两者有显著性差异。其余各组及男女均无显著性差异。结论;乳牙反Ｈｅ为牙性－机能性反Ｈｅ,不良习惯是导致乳牙反Ｈｅ的主要因素。     

Properties of the ANB angle and the Wits appraisal in the skeletal estimation of Angle's Class III patients

The aims of the present study were: (1) to investigate the statistical differences in jaw relationship assessments with the ANB angle and the Wits appraisal in Angle Class III children, and (2) to suggest guidelines for the use of these two parameters in this group of children. Seventy-five Angle Class I children with anterior crowding (male, 37; female, 38) and 96 Angle Class III children with anterior crossbite (male, 38; female, 58) were examined. All had undergone treatment that started at 8 or 9 years of age. Pre-treatment lateral cephalograms were used cross-sectionally for the analysis. The mean age was 8 years 7 months +/- 9 months in the Class I subjects, and 9 years 0 month +/- 7 months in the Class III subjects. To compare the assessments using ANB angle and the Wits appraisal in the Angle's Class III subjects, nine measured values from each individual subject were converted into Z scores in relation to the means and standard deviations of the two parameters in the Angle Class I subjects. The jaw discrepancy is assessed more severely using the ANB angle than by the Wits appraisal in these Angle Class III subjects. The paired t-test showed that the Z score of the ANB angle was significantly smaller than that of the Wits appraisal (P < 0.001). In Angle Class III subjects with a counter-clockwise mandibular rotation and a flattened occlusal plane, the ANB angle is a more critical cephalometric parameter than the Wits appraisal.     

Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development

A sample of 4724 children (2353 girls and 2371 boys) (5-17 years old) were grouped not only by chronological age but also by stage of dental development (deciduous, early mixed, late mixed, and permanent dentition). The registrations included functional occlusion (anterior and lateral sliding, interferences), dental wear, mandibular mobility (maximal opening, deflection), and temporomandibular joint and muscular pain recorded by palpation. Headache was the only symptom of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) reported by the children. The results showed that one or more clinical signs were recorded in 25% of the subjects, most of them being mild in character. The prevalences increased during the developmental stages. Girls were in general more affected than boys. Significant associations were found between different signs, and TMD was associated with posterior crossbite, anterior open bite, Angle Class III malocclusion, and extreme maxillary overjet.     

Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and occlusion in the mixed and permanent dentition

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between occlusal factors: Angle classification, overbite, overjet, openbite, anterior and posterior crossbite, scissors bite or buccal crossbite and lateral openbite--and the presence of mandibular dysfunction in a sample of 359 Turkish children with mixed and permanent dentition. Z Test was used to compare the results. It was found that, Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition and openbite, overbite = 0, overjet = 0, anterior-posterior crossbite in the mixed dentition were related with TMD.     

Epidemiologic panorama of dental occlusion

The purpose of this study was to explore the possible significant sex difference in occlusion, provide information about the occlusal variation among Egyptians, and present an epidemiologic panorama of dental occlusion among different ethnic world populations. The hypothesis was that the occlusal variation is not independent of sex. A sample of 501 female and male adult subjects was studied. Normal occlusion, Angle's classification of malocclusion, and the Dewey-Anderson modifications for typifications were recorded. Chi-square tests were used. The results obtained from this study indicate that a significant sex difference in occlusion exists for normal occlusion, Angle Class I, and Angle Class III. Further, considering an anterior crossbite as the sole indicator of an Angle Class III malocclusion is erroneous; an anterior crossbite may exist in other classes, and Angle Class III type 1 (edge-to-edge) is more prevalent than either Class III type 2 (normal anterior overbite) or type 3 (anterior crossbite). Although numerically different, occlusal variation follows a universal general distributional pattern for most world populations. Some speculations are presented for clinical implications and for research suggestions.     

恒牙列早期安氏Ⅲ类错患者下颌边缘运动轨迹的研究

目的　定量定性分析恒牙列早期安氏Ⅲ类错患者下颌边缘运动轨迹的特征及其与颅面形态的关系。 方法　选择恒牙列早期安氏Ⅲ类错患者21例作为试验组,20例恒牙列早期个别正常人作对照组,使用K6-I型 下颌运动描记仪描记两组研究对象的下颌边缘运动轨迹,同时拍摄X线头侧位片,分析二者的相关性。结果　试 验组下颌边缘运动范围与对照组无统计学意义。对照组ICP-最大张口线距与前下面高呈正相关,开口度与下颌支 高度及后面高呈正相关;试验组ICP-最大张口线距与前下面高及下前牙牙槽高度呈正相关,开口度与下颌体长度 及下前牙牙槽高度呈正相关。结论　安氏Ⅲ类错患者的下颌边缘运动与颅面形态的关系和个别正常人不同。     

颌骨骨折坚强内固定术后咬合关系不良的防治

目的：探讨颌骨骨折钛板坚强内固定术后咬合关系不良的防治对策。方法：总结183例患者，分析其中12例术后出现咬合关系不良的原因，并提出防治措施：结果：12例患者中，后牙早接触，前牙开he者5例，一侧后牙开he者3例，后牙尖时尖者2例，反he者2例。经颌间弹力牵引固定，10例患者恢复咬合关系，1例再次手术，1例经调he恢复咬合关系。结论：坚强内固定术后咬合关系不良多发于复杂性颌骨骨折，手术操作不当和术后缺少有效的颌羊固定是防治颌骨骨折钛板坚强内固定术后咬合关系不良的有效手段。     

Influence of surgical orthodontic treatment on masticatory function in skeletal Class III patients

Skeletal Class III patients exhibit malocclusion characterised by Angle Class III and anterior crossbite, and their occlusion shows total or partially lateral crossbite of the posterior teeth. Most patients exhibit lower bite force and muscle activity than non‐affected subjects. While orthognathic surgery may help improve masticatory function in these patients, its effects have not been fully elucidated. The aims of the study were to evaluate jaw movement and the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masticatory muscles before and after orthognathic treatment in skeletal Class III patients in comparison with control subjects with normal occlusion. Jaw movement variables and EMG data were recorded in 14 female patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion and 15 female controls with good occlusion. Significant changes in jaw movement, from a chopping to a grinding pattern, were observed after orthognathic treatment (closing angle P < 0·01; cycle width P < 0·01), rendering jaw movement in the patient group similar to that of the control group. However, the grinding pattern in the patient group was not as broad as that of controls. The activity indexes, indicating the relative contributions of the masseter and temporalis muscles (where a negative value corresponds to relatively more temporalis activity and vice versa) changed from negative to positive after treatment (P < 0·05), becoming similar to those of control subjects. Our findings suggest that orthognathic treatment in skeletal Class III patients improves the masticatory chewing pattern and muscle activity. However, the chewing pattern remains incomplete compared with controls.     

Need for preventive and interceptive intervention for malocclusion in 3–5-year-old Finnish children

Abstract The need for preventive and interceptive intervention for malocclusion was studied in a sample of 931 Finnish children aged 3–5 years. Orthodontic intervention was estimated to be needed for 14.4% of the children due to crossbite or functional crossbite of the anterior or lateral segments, or to the early loss of primary molars with an observed tendency to space closure. Education was needed for 2.7% of the children in cases of finger-sucking, and restorative caries therapy for 12.2% of the children in cases with carious primary molars. The need for further inspection in order to follow up development was noted in 21.2% of the children. The indications occasioning this consideration were the numerical variation of primary teeth (1.4%), joined primary teeth (0.8%), the early loss of primary molars without observed risk of space closure (0.2%), luxated and exarticulated primary incisors (5.5%), true Class III (Angle) malocclusion (0.4%), and the dummy-sucking habit (13.1%).     

Classification of Angle Class III malocclusion and its treatment modalities

To obtain the best results in the treatment of patients with Angle Class III malocclusion, the etiologies of the malocclusion should first be clarified, and then an appropriate treatment modality should be decided. Angle Class III malocclusions in 120 subjects who had orthognathic surgery were analyzed with cephalometrics and facial photos and classified into 3 categories based on the abnormalities of the maxilla. Type A is true mandibular prognathism, which means that the maxilla is normal but the mandible is overgrown. Type B is characteristic of the overgrown maxilla and mandible with anterior crossbite. Type C indicates a hypoplastic maxilla with anterior crossbite. Treatment modalities should be differentially decided according to this new classification of Angle Class III malocclusions.     

矫治乳前牙反对恒牙胚及颌骨位置变化影响的研究

目的研究矫治乳前牙反对恒牙胚及颌骨位置变化的影响。方法选择30例乳前牙反患儿进行矫治,并对治疗前后X线头影测量值的变化进行分析。结果SNG、G-SN、G-SV、SNA、UI/NA、UI-NA、ANB、Wits、NA/PA的增加值,SNB、LI/NB、LI/MP的减小值均具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余测量值变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。矫治乳前牙反使上颌骨、乳上切牙明显向前移动,恒牙胚随之唇向移动。结论矫治乳前牙反对预防恒牙期再度出现反有临床意义。