抗CCP、抗AKA和抗RA33抗体检测在类风湿性关节炎诊断中的应用

目的探讨环瓜氨酸多肽（CCP）抗体、抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）、类风湿因子（RF）和抗RA33抗体对类风湿性关节炎（RA）的临床应用价值。方法88例RA患者和50例其他自身免疫病患者分别采用ELISA法检测抗CCP和抗RA33抗体，免疫荧光法检测抗AKA抗体，速率散射比浊法检测类风湿因子（RF），观察各指标对RA的诊断价值。结果患者抗CCP抗体、抗AKA抗体、抗RA33抗体和RF的敏感度分别为68．2％，28．4％，39．8％和71．6％，特异度为92．0％，100％，94．0％和70．0％；抗CCP抗体的检测阳性率高于抗AKA抗体和抗RA33抗体（P〈0．01），与RF无统计学显著性差异（P=0．622）。三种抗体对RF阴性组RA诊断的阳性率为63．0％，37％，44．4％，与RF阳性组RA阳性率70．5％，24．6％，37．7％相比较，两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论抗CCP，抗AKA，抗RA33抗体均是RA诊断的特异性指标，对诊断RF阴性RA具有较高敏感度和特异度，将上述抗体与RF进行联合检测，有助于RA的早期诊断。     

Antibody microarray-based oncoproteomics

The driving force behind oncoproteomics is the belief that certain protein signatures or patterns exist that are associated with a particular malignancy. If so, the correlation of clinical parameters with defined protein expression patterns would allow us to predict disease progression and perhaps even postulate improved therapeutic modalities. The technological challenges to achieve these goals are significant, as the human proteome is not defined. No general methodological approach exists today, and human cancer can, furthermore, be divided into several disease subgroups. One potential solution to finding cancer-associated protein signatures is the emerging technology of affinity proteomics. This approach addresses some of the shortcomings of traditional proteomics and combines it with the power of microarrays. The present review focuses on the role of antibody microarrays in oncoproteomics and its potential to provide a truly proteome-wide analytical approach.     

Antibody therapeutics:

Recombinant monoclonal antibody (rMAb) therapy may be instituted to achieve one of two broad outcomes: i) killing of cells or organisms (e.g., cancer cells, bacteria); and ii) neutralisation of soluble molecules (e.g., cytokines in chronic disease or toxins in infection). The choice of rMAb isotype is a critical decision in the development of a therapeutic antibody as it will determine the biological activities triggered in vivo. It is not possible, however, to accurately predict the in vivo activity because multiple parameters impact on the functional outcome, for example, IgG subclass, IgG-Fc glycoform, epitope density, cellular Fc receptors polymorphisms and so on. The present understanding of the molecular interactions between IgG-Fc and effector ligands in vitro has allowed the generation of new antibody structures with altered/improved effector function profiles that may prove optimal for given disease indications. Thus, when maximal antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity is indicated a non-fucosylated IgG1 format may be optimal; when minimal activity is indicated an aglycosylated IgG2 may be the form of choice.     

Antibody microarray-based oncoproteomics

The driving force behind oncoproteomics is the belief that certain protein signatures or patterns exist that are associated with a particular malignancy. If so, the correlation of clinical parameters with defined protein expression patterns would allow us to predict disease progression and perhaps even postulate improved therapeutic modalities. The technological challenges to achieve these goals are significant, as the human proteome is not defined. No general methodological approach exists today, and human cancer can, furthermore, be divided into several disease subgroups. One potential solution to finding cancer-associated protein signatures is the emerging technology of affinity proteomics. This approach addresses some of the shortcomings of traditional proteomics and combines it with the power of microarrays. The present review focuses on the role of antibody microarrays in oncoproteomics and its potential to provide a truly proteome-wide analytical approach.     

运用抗体效价检测技术鉴定自免溶贫患者的抗体特异性

目的 应用抗体效价检测技术检测自免溶贫患者血样中的同种抗体和类同种抗体.方法 收集上海市血液中心血型参比实验室2021年3月～4月临床上直抗阳性患者血液样本,使用血清、放散液原液和抗体效价标定的放散液稀释液进行抗体鉴定.结果 血清检出4例有特异性抗体,放散液原液检出3例有特异性抗体,放散液稀释液检出9例有特异性抗体.结...     

Ultrasound-Enhanced Monoclonal Antibody Production

With the rapidly growing demand for monoclonal antibody (mAb)–based products, new technologies are urgently needed to increase mAb production while reducing manufacturing costs. To solve this problem, we report our research findings of using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to enhance mAb production. LIPUS with frequency of 1.5 MHz and pulse repetition frequency of 1 kHz, as well as duty cycle of 20%, was used to stimulate hybridoma cells to enhance the production of mAb, anti-CD4 (hybridoma GK1.5). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results show a 60.42 ± 7.63% increase of mAb expression in hybridoma cells. The evidence of structural changes of the cellular outer membrane in both transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images and the more than 20% lactate dehydrogenase release indicates that the increased mAb production is related to the increased cell permeability induced by LIPUS. This value-added ultrasound technology provides a potential cost-effective solution for pharmaceutical companies to manufacture mAb-based drugs. The technology, in turn, can reduce the drug manufacturing costs and decrease health care spending.     

HCV分片段抗原EIA与重组免疫印迹法分析检测HCV抗体的比较研究

【目的】探讨国产丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)分片段抗体试剂的敏感性和特异性,为丙型肝炎的早期诊断和替代昂贵的进口重组免疫印迹法确认试剂(HCV RIBA3.0)提供实验依据。【方法】用HCV分片段抗体试剂检测经确认的标本中HCV-C、NS3、NS4、NS5抗体并与HCV RIBA3.0比较。【结果】82份样品中80份判定为阳性,阳性率为97.56%,2份判定为可疑,为2.4%,40份阴性样品中有2份判定可疑,为5.00%。【结论】国产分片段抗体检测试剂检测HCV抗体,与美国第三代RIBA3.0试剂的检测符合率基本一致,有低价高效的临床实用价值。     

蛋白芯片技术联合检测抗dsDNA抗体、抗Smith抗体和抗Rib-P抗体对SLE诊断价值分析

目的 评价蛋白芯片技术联合检测抗dsDNA抗体、抗Smith抗体和抗Rib-P抗体对于系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)诊断的价值.方法 采用蛋白芯片技术对85例SLE患者、129例其他自身免疫性疾病患者和43例健康体检者血清中的抗dsDNA抗体、抗Smith抗体和抗Rib-P抗体进行检测.结果 SLE患者组血清中的抗dsDNA抗体、抗Smith抗体和抗Rib-P抗体的阳性率(50.59％,32.94％和37.65％)及其联合检测的阳性率(78.82％)明显高于疾病对照组(0.75％,2.33％,2.33％和5.43％),差异有统计学意义(x2分别为100.269,52.36,62.481和155.51,P均＜0.01).正常对照组均为阴性.SLE患者抗dsDNA抗体的敏感度50.59％,特异度99.22％;抗Smith抗体敏感度32.94％,特异度97.67％;抗Rib-P抗体的敏感度37.65％,特异度97.67％;三项自身抗体联合检测的敏感度78.82％,特异度94.57％.联合检测的敏感度明显高于抗dsDNA抗体、抗Smith抗体和抗Rib-P抗体的单项检测.结论 抗dsDNA抗体、抗Smith抗体、抗Rib-P抗体作为SLE重要的抗体,具有很高的特异度,在一张蛋白芯片上同时检测可互相补充,提高了SLE的诊断敏感度和诊断效率,减少了漏诊和误诊,对SLE的诊断、治疗和预后具有重要的意义.     

抗核抗体、抗核抗体谱及抗双链DNA抗体的联合检测系统性红斑狼疮的诊断价值

目的 探讨抗核抗体（ANA）、抗核抗体谱（ANAs）及抗双链DNA抗体（抗dsDNA抗体）的联合检测对系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的诊断价值。方法 选择2012年1月至2014年1月间泉州市某市级医院收治的SLE患者150例作为SLE组,同期收治的其他风湿性疾病患者30例作为疾病对照组,门诊体检健康者30例作为正常对照组。应用间接免疫荧光法检测血清 ANA ,应用免疫印迹法检测血清ANAs和抗dsDNA抗体水平。结果 SLE组ANA、抗dsDNA抗体、抗AHA、抗nRNP、抗AnuA、抗Sm阳性率显著高于疾病对照组和健康对照组（ P ＜0．01）。S L E患者中仅5．33％的患者出现单项抗体阳性,其余94．67％的患者一次性检测出2项或以上抗体阳性。SLE患者治疗后ANA、抗dsDNA抗体、抗AHA、抗Sm和抗SS‐A阳性率均不同程度下降,其中ANA、抗dsDNA抗体、抗AHA好转率分别为23．33％、83．33％和63．33％。结论 SLE患者ANA、ANAs和抗ds‐DNA抗体阳性率较高,联合检测和动态观察 ANA、ANAs和抗 ds‐DNA抗体对SLE诊断和治疗具有一定意义。     

潍坊地区无偿献血者HLA抗体和HNA抗体检测情况分析

目的:通过随机抽样检测潍坊地区无偿献血者血清HLA抗体及HNA抗体阳性率,评估在潍坊献血人群中开展HLA及HNA抗体筛查的必要性.方法:随机选取有输血、妊娠、移植等免疫史的无偿献血者208例作为实验组,选取无上述免疫史的无偿献血者168例作为对照组,运用流式荧光微珠法对两组标本进行HLA抗体和HNA抗体检测,运用统计分...     

类风湿关节炎患者抗核抗体类型及相关抗体的研究

目的 研究类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)病人抗核抗体(antinuclear antibody,ANA)阳性的比例及类型,进一步探讨ANA阳性对应的相应抗体以及RA患者ANA与血清类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor,RF)和抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody,ACPA)水平的关系,从而对RA患者的病因进行研究。方法 选取山东中医药大学附属医院风湿免疫科的病人462例。其中RA患者342例,骨关节炎患者120例。分别检测两组患者的ANA阳性率、ANA类型和ANA谱以及ANA阳性率与RF和ACPA水平的关系。结果 342例RA患者中,ANA阳性的比例为64.04%,而骨关节炎患者ANA阳性率仅为4.17%,二者相比差异有统计学意义(χ²=127.47,P<0.01)。RA患者的ANA阳性类型以核颗粒型和核均质型为主(占71.69%)。研究RA患者ANA阳性率与血清RF和ACPA水平的关系发现血清RF和ACPA水平高的患者ANA阳性率要高于RF和ACPA水平低的病人(χ²=46.33, P<0.05)。结论 RA患者的ANA阳性率明显高于正常人,其类型以核颗粒型和核均质型为主。RA的ANA阳性率与血清RF和ACPA的水平呈正相关。抗核抗体在RA的发病中可能发挥着重要的作用。     

临床就诊患者抗核抗体和抗核抗体谱检测结果分析

目的比较间接免疫荧光法(IIF)筛查抗核抗体(ANA)与线性免疫印迹法(LIA)检测抗核抗体谱(ANAs)特异性抗体结果不一致性,分析二者的相互关系及临床意义。方法采用间接免疫荧光法与线性免疫印迹法对871份血清标本进行抗核抗体检测,检测结果可分为自身免疫病组(AID)和非AID组,并分析结果的相互关系和临床意义。结果IIF法与LIA法检测抗核抗体的阳性率分别为21.01%和15.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.64,P<0.01),IIF法阳性者中以均质型(34.4％),颗粒型(33.9％)和胞质颗粒型(17.5％ )多见。LIA法中阳性抗体出现较多的是抗SSA,抗Ro-52等。ANA和ANAs在自身AID患者中的阳性率分别是96.4%和73.2%,显著高于非AID患者(13.1%和8.1%);ANA和ANAs在AID组和非AID组间阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论间接免疫荧光法是良好的筛查试验,ANA核型与ANAs相结合对自身免疫性疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要意义;临床诊断中,IIF筛查ANA应与LIA检测ANAs同时进行,以避免单一方法检测导致AID患者的漏诊。