Aqueous and serum lysozyme values in experimental uveitis in rabbits.

The purpose of this study was to determine what happens to normal aqueous lysozyme levels during experimentally induced uveitis. Horse-serum-induced uveitis increased the average rabbit aqueous lysozyme value (0.9 mug per milliliter) to 13.8 mug per milliliter, but did not elevate the average serum lysozyme value (4.0 mug per milliliter). These findings suggest that ocular inflammation alone is not sufficient to elevate the serum lysozyme level.     

Intraocular antibody synthesis during experimental uveitis

Determination of intraocular antibody synthesis against certain microorganisms is a diagnostic aid in identifying the causative agent in clinical uveitis. Little is known, however, concerning the kinetics and specificity of antibodies produced during intraocular inflammation. To investigate this subject we induced uveitis in rabbits by injecting small amounts of human serum albumin (HSA) into the vitreous. Aqueous humor and serum were taken before and after the induction of uveitis and levels of total IgG, rabbit albumin and anti-HSA-IgG were determined. The anti-HSA-IgG was quantitated using immunoaffinity purified anti-HSA-IgG as a standard. Six weeks after intravitreal HSA injection, high levels of total IgG (4.7 mg/ml) and albumin (15.4 mg/ml) were observed in the aqueous as compared to control eyes (IgG: 0.12 mg/ml; albumin: 0.48 mg/ml). Using albumin to correct for blood aqueous barrier breakdown we calculated that only 0.6% of the locally synthesized IgG was directed against intravitreally injected HSA. Two months after the intravitreal injection of HSA the main signs of the uveitis had subsided. A recurrent uveitis was subsequently induced by an intravenous HSA injection. This resulted in a marked increase of total IgG (14.3 mg/ml) and albumin (24.6 mg/ml) in the aqueous humor of the uveitis eyes. It was remarkable that the mean anti-HSA-IgG level (0.62 mg/ml) in the uveitis eyes was higher than that seen in serum (0.41 mg/ml). After this secondary uveitis, 9% of the locally synthesized antibodies were directed against HSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

99Tc-MDP对兔实验性葡萄膜炎房水及血清细胞因子的影响

目的 探讨99锝-亚甲基二膦酸盐(99Tc-MDP,商品名为云克)对兔实验性葡萄膜炎的治疗作用.方法 将实验兔21只随机分为生理盐水对照组、地塞米松治疗组、99Tc-MDP治疗组,每组各7只.ELISA法测定实验性兔葡萄膜炎动物模型造模前、造模后5 d、给药治疗后10 d、停药后5 d房水白细胞介素-10(interleukin-10,IL-10)及转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)含量值、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)及干扰素γ(interferon γ,IFN-γ)含量值.结果 生理盐水对照组房水中IL-10和TGF-β在给药后10 d分别为(86.2±51.2)ng·L-1、(91.2±67.9)ng·L-1,均低于造模后5 d的(95.1±44.7)ng·L-1、(135.6±106.3)ng·L-1;给药后10 d血清TNF-α及IFN-γ分别为(151.9±57.9)ng·L-1、(4.7±1.2)ng·L～,均低于造模后5 d的(175.6±96.0)ng·L-1、(5.8±2.3)ng·L-1.地塞米松治疗组给药后10 d房水IL-10和TGF-β分别为(106.9±28.5)ng·L-1、(168.1±56.6)ng·L-1,高于造模后5 d的(82.7±41.4)ng·L-1和(117.4±45.5)ng·L-1;给药后10 d血清TNF-α及IFN-γ分别为(80.3±23.4)ng·L-1、(3.2±2.3)ng·L-1,低于造模后5 d的(188.2±104.9)ng·L-1、(5.7±3.6)ng·L-1.99Tc-MDP治疗组给药后10 d房水IL-10和TGF-β分别为(136.2±47.2)ng·L-1、(183.1±79.6)ng·L-1,高于造模后5 d的(98.1±31.3)ng·L-1和(131.7±53.4)ng·L-1;给药后10 d血清TNF-α及IFN-γ分别为(82.7±66.1)ng·L-1、(2.8±1.4)ng·L-1,均低于造模后5 d的(191.7±72.4)ng·L-1、(6.8±4.1)ng·L-1;与生理盐水对照组比较,地塞米松治疗组及99Tc-MDP治疗组均可使兔房水IL-10及TGF-β升高,血清TNF-α及IFN-γ降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).但地塞米松治疗组与99Tc-MDP治疗组之间比较差异无统计学意义.结论 99Tc-MDP有升高兔实验性葡萄膜炎房水中IL-10和TGF-β及降低血清中TNF-α和IFN-γ的作用.由于其全身并发症少,可能成为有前景的葡萄膜炎治疗用药.     

Acute experimental uveitis caused by a single administration of heterologous blood protein to the vitreous body of rabbits

The initial allergic reaction of an uveitis character was evoked by a single application of horse's serum into the rabbit vitreous. The dynamics of the development of the inflammation was observed macro and microscopically. It was stated that there exists a close correlation of the intensification of the inflammatory reaction in the macroscopic and microscopic evaluation; the microscopic changes in the eye tissues preceded the macroscopic changes and they persisted longer.     

Role of aqueous and vitreous cultures in diagnosing infectious endophthalmitis in rabbits

Staph.aureus endophthalmitis was induced in both eyes of 32 rabbits. Endophthalmitis developed in all the 64 eyes within 24-36 h. All vitreous cultures were positive while only 21 simultaneous aqueous cultures were positive. Thus, the importance of vitreous cultures in diagnosing bacterial endophthalmitis is emphasised.     

Intraocular lens explantation in uveitis

Visual rehabilitation after cataract surgery has been improved with the development of IOLs. These lenses are well tolerated in many uveitis patients when complete control of preoperative inflammation is achieved. However, in some patients, IOL placement after cataract extraction results in chronic inflammation, deposition of inflammatory cells and debris on the IOL surface, and inflammatory membrane formation despite antiinflammatory coverage. Patients with systemic diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as sarcoidosis and JRA, and those with chronic ocular inflammatory conditions or inflammation involving the intermediate segment of the eye may be at high risk for these complications. In patients in whom antiinflammatory therapy fails, adequate control of inflammation may be achieved after lens explantation.     

Chemotactic activity and cellular infiltration of aqueous humor in experimental herpes simplex uveitis.

The degree of chemotactic activity of the aqueous humor for a specific type of inflammatory cell is in direct proportion to the extent of such cells infiltrating the aqueous humor of rabbits with either primary or secondary experimental herpes simplex uveitis. Chemotaxis may thus be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of herpetic uveitis.     

Intraocular penetration of ketoconazole in rabbits.

We studied penetration of the antifungal agent ketoconazole into the cornea, aqueous humor, and vitreous of rabbits after topical, subconjunctival, and oral administration. The effect of debridement of corneal epithelium on penetration was also investigated. Ketoconazole levels in the cornea and aqueous humor were high after topical or subconjunctival administration, and increased markedly (especially in the cornea) if the corneal epithelium had been debrided before administration of the drug. For example, concentration of ketoconazole in the cornea 1 h after topical drug administration with or without complete corneal epithelial debridement was 44.0 +/- 10.1 and 1,391.5 +/- 130.0 micrograms/g, respectively. Drug levels in the vitreous were not detectable after topical or subconjunctival drug administration, but were improved slightly by prior epithelial debridement (8.3 and 0.12 micrograms/mL after 1 h, respectively). Orally administered ketoconazole resulted in high corneal concentrations (45.0 +/- 7.6 micrograms/g after 1 h) that were still substantial 24 h later (55.0 +/- 7.0 micrograms/g); levels in the aqueous were low.     

^99Tc—MDP对兔实验性葡萄膜炎的治疗作用

目的探讨^99锝-亚甲基二膦酸盐（^99Tc-MDP,云克）对兔实验性葡萄膜炎的治疗作用。方法实验兔22只随机分为生理盐水组、地塞米松组、云克组。ELISA法测定实验性葡萄膜炎兔动物模型造模前、造模后5d、给药治疗后10d、停药后5d、4个不同阶段白细胞介素（IL-2）、干扰素（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）的血清质量浓度;浊度法及细胞技术池测定不同治疗阶段房水蛋白及房水细胞计数,于不同阶段摘除眼球行组织病理学观察。结果与生理盐水组比较,地塞米松组及云克组均可使兔血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF—α水平和房水细胞计数、房水蛋白质量浓度降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,地塞米松组与云克组2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。地塞米松组及云克组在治疗后眼球的组织病理学显示炎症较治疗前减轻。结论云克在一定程度上有降低兔实验性葡萄膜炎血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α质量浓度及房水细胞计数、房水蛋白质量浓度以及减轻眼球炎症的作用。