广西2004—2019年初始抗病毒治疗儿童HIV感染者生长发育情况分析

目的 了解初始抗病毒治疗儿童HIV感染者的生长发育情况及其影响因素。方法 采用回顾性队列研究方法,从国家艾滋病抗病毒治疗信息系统下载广西2004—2019年初始抗病毒治疗儿童HIV感染者数据库。根据中国儿童生长发育标准计算Z评分,趋势性分析采用Cox-Stuart检验,广义估计方程用于分析HAZ（height-for-age Z-score）≥-2和WAZ（weight-for-age Z-score）≥-2的影响因素。结果 共计943例儿童HIV感染者进入队列。基线和治疗后第1、2、5、10年的HAZ中位数分别为-2.47、-2.14、-1.94、-1.55、-1.23,WAZ中位数分别为-1.85、-1.40、-1.30、-1.21、-1.09。经Cox-Stuart趋势检验,HAZ和WAZ随治疗时间均呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。基线和治疗后第1、2、5、10年HAZ≥-2的比例分别为38.1%、46.5%、51.6%、66.8%和74.6%,WAZ≥-2的比例分别为57.1%、76.9%、81.1%、85.8%和89.2%。经Cox-Stuart趋势检验,HAZ≥-2和WAZ≥-2的比例随治疗时间均呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。多因素广义估计方程分析结果显示,与HAZ≥-2的关联性因素有初始抗病毒治疗年龄为3~7岁（aOR=0.71,95%CI：0.53~0.94）、初始抗病毒治疗年龄为>7岁（aOR=0.66,95%CI：0.47~0.93）、治疗前CD4⁺T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μL（aOR=0.64,95%CI：0.47~0.87）、治疗前WHO临床分期为Ⅲ/Ⅳ期（aOR=0.74,95%CI：0.56~0.97）以及治疗时间（aOR=1.01,95%CI：1.01~1.01）;与WAZ≥-2的关联性因素有男性（aOR=0.72,95%CI：0.53~0.97）、治疗前WHO临床分期为Ⅲ/Ⅳ期（aOR=0.63,95%CI：0.45~0.86）以及治疗时间（aOR=1.01,95%CI：1.01~1.01）。结论 抗病毒治疗有效改善了儿童HIV感染者的生长发育状况,但治疗后第10年仍有较大比例的儿童生长发育迟缓,需加强抗病毒治疗工作人员培训和儿童HIV感染者父母宣传教育以提高抗病毒治疗效果并合理指导儿童营养。     

IVF/ICSI助孕的ICP患者围产儿不良结局危险因素预测

目的通过探索辅助生殖技术获得妊娠并发孕期肝内胆汁淤积患者中围产儿不良结局的相关危险因素,为尽可能减少ART子代不良结局的发生提供依据。方法收集通过体外受精-胚胎移植和卵细胞浆内单精子注射助孕住院并发ICP的病例。回顾性分析2012年1月IVF/ICSI助孕的ICP患者围产儿不良结局危险因素预测2017年1月在我院79例患者的高危因素与围产儿不良结局之间的关系。经单因素Logistic回归分析筛选不良结局的相关因素,建立多因素Logistic回归模型来预测。结果单因素分析发现家庭年收入、既往ICP病史、诊断ICP孕周、熊去氧胆酸的使用、有无瘙痒症状、新生儿体重及出生时即刻血糖、妊娠合并、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、胆汁酸、总胆红素、早产差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经多因素分析显示:新生儿出生即刻血糖、ALT、AST、TBiL与不良结局相关:新生儿血糖,OR=8.153,95%CI=2.267~29.318,P=0.001;ALT,OR=0.942,95%CI=0.900~0.987,P=0.011;AST,OR=0.934,95%CI=0.877~0.995,P=0.033;Tbi L,OR=0.948,95%CI=0.904~0.994,P=0.027。结论经校正混杂因素后,新生儿出生即刻血糖、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆红素为围生儿不良结局的危险因子,助孕相关因素不影响围产儿结局。     

The susceptibility of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury and chronic hepatitis C infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI) is a major safety concern in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). The impact of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection on the risk of ATDILI is still controversial. We aimed to assess the influence of CHC infection on ATDILI through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

重症监护室患者中心静脉导管相关性血流感染现状及危险因素meta分析

  目的  分析ICU患者导管相关性感染的危险因素。  方法  检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、CNKI、万方、CBM、EBSCO等数据库中有关ICU患者中心静脉导管相关性血流感染独立危险因素的相关文章,合并结局指标并使用RevMan 5.3软件进行meta分析。  结果  纳入13篇文献,共12 283例患者,出现感染的人数为773例,感染发生率为6.29%。危险因素共9项,包括导管留置时间≥7 d(OR=5.30,95% CI:3.39~8.27)、合并糖尿病(OR=21.15,95% CI:11.45~39.08)、置管前使用抗生素(OR=6.63,95% CI:5.12~8.58)、高龄(OR=3.01,95% CI:2.74~3.31)、穿刺次数＞2次(OR=60.10,95% CI:30.63~117.94)、APACHEⅡ评分较高(OR=16.07,95% CI:8.97~28.77)、股静脉置管(OR=12.41,95% CI:3.82~40.30)、男性(OR=7.93,95% CI:3.69~17.04)、经历过急诊手术(OR=8.12,95% CI:3.43~19.19), 均P＜0.05。  结论  导管留置时间≥7 d、患者合并糖尿病、置管前使用抗生素、患者年龄＞55岁、置管次数＞2次、APACHEⅡ评分较高、选择股静脉为留置部位、男性、经历过急诊手术是ICU患者发生中心导管相关性血流感染的主要危险因素。临床上应重视高危人群和相关危险因素,采取有效的干预措施,减少中心静脉导管相关性血流感染的发生。      

Prognostic factors associated with rebleeding in cirrhotic inpatients complicated with esophageal variceal bleeding

Background  Esophageal variceal bleeding is a frequent and severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors of esophageal variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic inpatients. 

Methods  Consecutive cirrhotic patients who were admitted to Changhai Hospital because of esophageal variceal bleeding were retrospectively analyzed. To assess the independent factors for recurrent hemorrhage after esophageal variceal bleeding, medical assessment was completed at the time of their initial hospital admission, including documentation of clinical, biochemical, and treatment methods that might contribute to variceal rebleeding. Univariate and multivariate analyses were retrospectively performed.

Results  Totally 186 patients (35.8%) were assigned to a rebleeding group and the other 334 patients (64.2%) to a non-rebleeding group. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that four variables were positively correlated with rebleeding: Child-pugh grade B (OR=2.664, 95% CI 1.680–4.223) (compared with Child-pugh grade A), total bilirubin (Tbil) (OR=1.0006, 95% CI 1.002–1.0107), creatinine (OR=1.008, 95% CI 1.002–1.015) and the cumulative volume of blood transfusion (OR=1.519, 95% CI 1.345–1.716). The presence of ascites (OR=0.270, 95% CI 0.136–0.536) and prophylactic antibiotics (OR=0.504, 95% CI 0.325–0.780) were negatively correlated with rebleeding of the cirrhotic inpatients. According to standardized coefficient, the importance of rebleeding predictors ranked from the most to the least was as follows: the cumulative volume of blood transfusion, Child-pugh grade B, Tbil and creatinine.

Conclusion  Rebleeding in cirrhotic inpatients was associated with more blood transfusions, Child-pugh grade B, higher Tbil and creatinine.

     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后症状性血管痉挛186例

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后影响症状性血管痉挛发生的危险因素.方法回顾性分析186例经影像学和腰椎穿刺证实的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床表现和影像学检查.结果 186例中55例（29.6 %）发生症状性血管痉挛;FisherⅢ级,临床状况不良,反复SAH发作患者的症状性血管痉挛发生率显著升高（P〈0.01）;性别、不同年龄组患者、不同动脉瘤治疗方式组（手术夹闭或栓塞）患者症状性血管痉挛发生率无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;入院后是否使用抗纤溶药物（AFD）治疗对症状性血管痉挛发生率无明显影响（P〉0.05）.多因素分析显示FisherⅢ级[OR=2.549,95%可信区间（CI）1.406～4.517]、临床状况不良（OR=2.342,95% CI 1.320～4.159）和反复SAH发作（OR=2.492,95% CI 1.394～4.448 ）是影响症状性血管痉挛发生的危险因素.结论 FisherⅢ级、临床状况不良和反复SAH发作是症状性血管痉挛的独立危险因素.可根据蛛网膜下腔积血量、入院时临床状况和SAH发作次数预测症状性血管痉挛的发生.     

长沙和深圳市儿童肥胖症患病率与危险因素研究

目的：研究长沙和深圳市儿童肥胖的发生率及其危险因素。方法：以在中国长沙和深圳两市6 288名6～9岁儿童肥胖调查中发现的209名肥胖儿童?±葱员稹⒛炅浜脱＝信浔妊≡?09名体质量正常的儿童作对照,进行病例对照研究,计算各危险因素的调整OR值和95%可信区间。结果：儿童超体质量和肥胖的发生率在长沙为9.28%和3.30%,在深圳为12.17%和4.22%。两地儿童的超体质量发生率差异有统计学意义,而肥胖发生率差异没有统计学意义。中国城市儿童肥胖患病率为3.95%。用多因素Logistic回归分析对潜在的混杂因素加以调整后,父亲肥胖（OR：1.78, 95% CI：1.01～3.16）,母亲怀孕期体质量增加15 kg以上（OR：5.22, 95% CI：2.78～9.80）,出生体质量4 kg以上（OR: 2.55, 95% CI：1.24～5.26）,每周不健康快餐1次以上(OR：3.94, 95％ CI：1.11～13.99),每天看电视2 h以上（OR：2.35,95％ CI：1.01～5.47）等因素与儿童肥胖有关。结论：父亲肥胖、妊娠期体质量增加、出生体质量和不健康生活方式是中国南方城市儿童肥胖的重要危险因素。     

Association between Maternal Drug Use and Cytochrome P450 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring

Objective This study aimed to assess the associations between maternal drug use,cytochrome P450(CYP450)genetic polymorphisms,and their interactions with the risk of congenital heart defects(CHDs)in offspring.Methods A case-control study involving 569 mothers of CHD cases and 652 controls was conducted from November 2017 to January 2020.Results After adjusting for potential confounding factors,the results show that mothers who used ovulatory drugs(adjusted odds ratio[a OR]=2.12;95% confidence interval[CI]:1.08-4.16),antidepressants(a OR=2.56;95%CI:1.36-4.82),antiabortifacients(a OR=1.55;95%CI:1.00-2.40),or traditional Chinese drugs(a OR=1.97;95%CI:1.26-3.09)during pregnancy were at a significantly higher risk of CHDs in offspring.Maternal CYP450 genetic polymorphisms at rs1065852(A/T vs.A/A:OR=1.53,95%CI:1.10-2.14;T/T vs.A/A:OR=1.57,95%CI:1.07-2.31)and rs16947(G/G vs.C/C:OR=3.41,95%CI:1.82-6.39)were also significantly associated with the risk of CHDs in offspring.Additionally,significant interactions were observed between the CYP450 genetic variants and drug use on the development of CHDs.Conclusions In those of Chinese descent,ovulatory drugs,antidepressants,antiabortifacients,and traditional Chinese medicines may be associated with the risk of CHDs in offspring.Maternal CYP450 genes may regulate the effects of maternal drug exposure on fetal heart development.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术后发生恶心呕吐的危险因素分析

目的 探讨术中药物干预对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者术后发生恶心呕吐的预测因素。方法 分析南京鼓楼医院2012年12月~2016年1月986例（男156例，女830例）AIS后路矫形手术患者相关资料。记录美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）分级、体质量指数（BMI）、术前Cobb角、术前呼吸合并症、心血管合并症、手术时间、麻醉方式、输入胶体液总量、晶体液总量、输血总量、术中出血量、尿量、术中平均动脉压（MAP）最低值及中心静脉压（CVP）最低值、术中芬太尼用量、术中应用右美托咪定、应用地塞米松、恩丹司琼以及氟哌利多的情况。记录术后48 h内恶心呕吐的发生情况、手术前后血红蛋白变化值（ΔHb）、术后镇痛的情况、使用止吐药的次数及种类和术后住院时间。进行单因素分析后，应用多因素Logistic 回归分析（前进法），筛选术后48 h内发生术后恶心呕吐的预测因素。结果 986例AIS患者中151例发生术后恶心呕吐（发生率15.3%）。多因素Logistic回归分析提示，术中芬太尼用量大（>0.65 mg）[P<0.001，OR=9.303，95%CI 2.373~8.622]、手术前后Hb变化值大（>28.5 g/L）（P<0.001， OR=1.107，95%CI 1.060~1.157）、使用芬太尼自控镇痛（P<0.001，OR=11.671，95%CI 2.381~11.284）是AIS矫形患者发生术后恶心呕吐的危险因素。术中应用右美托咪定（P=0.002，OR=0.027，95%CI 0.006~0.123）、术中应用地塞米松复合恩丹司琼（P= 0.032，OR=0.241，95%CI 0.066~0.886）是其保护因素。结论 术中芬太尼用量大、ΔHb大以及术后使用芬太尼自控镇痛，增加AIS术中患者发生术后恶心呕吐的风险。术中使用右美托咪定以及使用地塞米松复合恩丹司琼是发生术后恶心呕吐的保护因素。     

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Victoria: rural and urban outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival rate from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in rural and urban areas of Victoria, and to investigate the factors associated with these differences. DESIGN: Retrospective case series using data from the Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry. SETTING: All out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occurring in Victoria that were attended by Rural Ambulance Victoria or the Metropolitan Ambulance Service. PARTICIPANTS: 1790 people who suffered a bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest between January 2002 and December 2003. RESULTS: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation was more likely in rural (65.7%) than urban areas (48.4%) (P = 0.001). Urban patients with bystander-witnessed cardiac arrest were more likely to arrive at an emergency department with a cardiac output (odds ratio [OR], 2.92; 95% CI, 1.65-5.17; P < 0.001), and to be discharged from hospital alive than rural patients (urban, 125/1685 [7.4%]; rural, 2/105 [1.9%]; OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.09-34.91). Major factors associated with survival to hospital admission were distance of cardiac arrest from the closest ambulance branch (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82-0.92), endotracheal intubation (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.49-4.80), and the presence of asystole (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38-0.67) or pulseless electrical activity (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95) on arrival of the first ambulance crew. CONCLUSIONS: Survival rates differ between urban and rural cardiac arrest patients. This is largely due to a difference in ambulance response time. As it is impractical to substantially decrease response times in rural areas, other strategies that may improve outcome after cardiac arrest require investigation.     

氧化应激介导糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤机制的研究进展

糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)是糖尿病严重的微血管并发症之一,也是进展为终末期肾病的主要原因,目前临床治疗手段有限.DKD发病机制复杂,足细胞损伤是DKD的核心事件,而氧化应激与DKD足细胞损伤密切相关.在DKD中氧化应激可通过多种途径介导足细胞凋亡和裂孔隔膜损伤.抗氧化应激药物可通过减轻足细胞损伤来延缓DKD的进展.研究氧化应激介导DKD足细胞的损伤机制,可为DKD的临床治疗提供新的思路和策略.     

Ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. The Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group.

OBJECTIVE--To determine the incidence, clinical predictors and prognostic importance of perioperative ventricular arrhythmias. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study (Study of Perioperative Ischemia). SETTING--University-affiliated Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif. SUBJECTS--A consecutive sample of 230 male patients, with known coronary artery disease (46%) or at high risk of coronary artery disease (54%), undergoing major noncardiac surgical procedures. MEASUREMENTS--We recorded cardiac rhythm throughout the preoperative (mean = 21 hours), intraoperative (mean = 6 hours), and postoperative (mean = 38 hours) periods using continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Adverse cardiac outcomes were noted by physicians blinded to information about arrhythmias. MAIN RESULTS--Frequent or major ventricular arrhythmias (greater than 30 ventricular ectopic beats per hour, ventricular tachycardia) occurred in 44% of our patients: 21% preoperatively, 16% intraoperatively, and 36% postoperatively. Compared with the preoperative baseline, the severity of arrhythmia increased in only 2% of patients intraoperatively but in 10% postoperatively. Preoperative ventricular arrhythmias were more common in smokers (odds ratio [OR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 15.0), those with a history of congestive heart failure (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.9 to 9.0), and those with electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.7). Preoperative arrhythmias were associated with the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative arrhythmias (OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.3 to 16.0, and OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.7 to 15.0, respectively). Nonfatal myocardial infarction or cardiac death occurred in nine men; these outcomes were not significantly more frequent in those with prior perioperative arrhythmias, albeit with wide CIs (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.4 to 6.2). CONCLUSION--Almost half of all high-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery have frequent ventricular ectopic beats or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Our results suggest that these arrhythmias, when they occur without other signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction, may not require aggressive monitoring or treatment during the perioperative period.     

Guideline-discordant care in acute myocardial infarction: predictors and outcomes

OBJECTIVES: To determine (i) factors which predict whether patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive care discordant with recommendations of clinical practice guidelines; and (ii) whether such discordant care results in worse outcomes compared with receiving guideline-concordant care. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Two community general hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 607 consecutive patients admitted with AMI between July 1997 and December 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical predictors of discordant care; crude and risk-adjusted rates of inhospital mortality and reinfarction, and mean length of hospital stay. RESULTS: At least one treatment recommendation for AMI was applicable for 602 of the 607 patients. Of these patients, 411(68%) received concordant care, and 191 (32%) discordant care. Positive predictors at presentation of discordant care were age > 65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.6), silent infarction (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6-4.6), anterior infarction (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7-3.8), a history of heart failure (OR, 6.3; 95% CI, 3.7-10.7), chronic atrial fibrillation (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-6.4); and heart rate >/= 100 beats/min (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.1). Death occurred in 12.0% (23/191) of discordant-care patients versus 4.6% (19/411) of concordant-care patients (adjusted OR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.22-4.82). Mortality was inversely related to the level of guideline concordance (P = 0.03). Reinfarction rates also tended to be higher in the discordant-care group (4.2% v 1.7%; adjusted OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 0.90-7.1). CONCLUSIONS: Certain clinical features at presentation predict a higher likelihood of guideline-discordant care in patients presenting with AMI. Such care appears to increase the risk of inhospital death.     

视神经脊髓炎谱系病的危险因素与复发特点临床分析

目的 通过对视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)的病例研究,探讨NMOSD的危险因素和复发特点.方法 纳入2016年1月-2017年8月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院神经内科和重庆陆军特色医学中心神经内科确诊的204例NMOSD患者,男性54例,女性150例,平均年龄37.5岁.对照组818例,与NMOSD组年龄相匹配.收集患...     

A comparison of general practice encounters with patients from English-speaking and non-English-speaking backgrounds

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether doctor-patient encounters in general practice with patients from a non-English-speaking background (NESB) differ from encounters with patients of English-speaking background (ESB) in terms of the type of practice where the encounters occur and the type of problems managed. DESIGN AND SETTING: A national cross-sectional survey of GP-patient encounters from a sample of all active registered GPs in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: A random sample of 1047 GPs recruited in the 12 months from April 1999 to March 2000, each providing details of 100 consecutive patient encounters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: GP demographics, practice characteristics, patient demographics (including whether the patient mainly spoke a language other than English at home), and problems managed at the encounter. RESULTS: After adjusting for significant predictors, encounters with NESB patients were significantly more likely to occur at solo practices than practices of five or more GPs (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.49-3.09), in metropolitan practices (OR, 6.34; 95% CI, 4.04-9.96), and with GPs who mostly consulted in a language other than English (OR, 5.44; 95% CI, 3.78-7.83). NESB encounters were relatively more likely to involve a respiratory problem (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04-1.26), endocrine/metabolic problem (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.63) or digestive problem (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27), and relatively less likely to involve a psychological problem (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.88) or social problem (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.49-0.92). CONCLUSION: Differences in morbidity management rates between encounters with NESB patients and ESB patients may reflect both differences in underlying prevalences of some disorders in the population of general practice patients, as well as different reasons among the two groups for attending general practice.     

Electronic medical record systems are associated with appropriate placement of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy in rural health facilities in Kenya: a retrospective pre-post study

Background and objective

There is little evidence that electronic medical record (EMR) use is associated with better compliance with clinical guidelines on initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among ART-eligible HIV patients. We assessed the effect of transitioning from paper-based to an EMR-based system on appropriate placement on ART among eligible patients.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective, pre-post EMR study among patients enrolled in HIV care and eligible for ART at 17 rural Kenyan clinics and compared the: (1) proportion of patients eligible for ART based on CD4 count or WHO staging who initiate therapy; (2) time from eligibility for ART to ART initiation; (3) time from ART initiation to first CD4 test.

Results

7298 patients were eligible for ART; 54.8% (n=3998) were enrolled in HIV care using a paper-based system while 45.2% (n=3300) were enrolled after the implementation of the EMR. EMR was independently associated with a 22% increase in the odds of initiating ART among eligible patients (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.33). The proportion of ART-eligible patients not receiving ART was 20.3% and 15.1% for paper and EMR, respectively (χ²=33.5, p<0.01). Median time from ART eligibility to ART initiation was 29.1 days (IQR: 14.1–62.1) for paper compared to 27 days (IQR: 12.9–50.1) for EMR.

Conclusions

EMRs can improve quality of HIV care through appropriate placement of ART-eligible patients on treatment in resource limited settings. However, other non-EMR factors influence timely initiation of ART.     

腹膜透析相关的混合菌感染的发生和治疗失败的危险因素——814例多中心回顾性研究

目的 明确混合菌腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎（PDAP）发生和治疗失败的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集2013~2019年期间,在吉林省4家三甲医院腹膜透析（PD）中心随访的PDAP患者临床资料,将其分为混合菌PDAP组和对照组。比较两组患者的临床资料与治疗结果,应用多因素回归分析探讨影响混合菌PDAP发生和当次治疗失败的独立危险因素。结果 共纳入814例次PDAP,分为混合菌PDAP组（79例次PDAP）和对照组（735例次PDAP）。与对照组相比,混合菌PDAP组老年人（>65岁）和难治性PDAP占比更高,第1天透出液白细胞计数更多,抗生素治疗天数更长（P<0.05）。混合菌PDAP组拔管和发生治疗失败（拔 管+PDAP相关性死亡）的风险分别是对照组的2.972倍（OR=2.972,95% CI 1.634~5.407,P<0.001）和2.692倍（OR=2.692, 95%CI1.578~4.591,P<0.001）。老年人（>65岁）发生混合菌PDAP的风险是中青年人的1.937倍（OR=1.937,1.207~3.109,P=0.006）;合并糖尿病（OR=5.554,95% CI 1.021~30.201,P=0.047）、致病菌类型为混合真菌（OR=343.687,95%CI 21.554~5480.144,P< 0.001）或铜绿假单胞菌感染（OR=11.518,95% CI 1.632~81.310,P=0.014）分别可使混合菌PDAP患者治疗失败（拔管+PDAP相关性死亡）的风险增加4.554倍、342.687倍、10.518倍。结论 本地区近3年混合菌PDAP在整体PDAP中的占比较以往升高,混合菌感染是当次PDAP治疗失败的独立危险因素。老年人是发生混合菌PDAP的独立危险因素,合并糖尿病与致病菌混合真菌感染或混合铜绿假单胞菌感染是混合菌PDAP当次治疗失败的独立危险因素。     

高血压患者外周血红蛋白水平与动脉硬化程度显著相关

目的 探讨外周血红蛋白（Hb）与动脉硬化的相关性。方法 采用回顾性分析方法，随机选取高血压患者419例为研究对象。采用动脉硬化测定仪检测双侧肢体的脉搏波传导速度（ba-PWV），取左右两侧较高值。根据ba-PWV值将高血压患者分为4组，S0组：动脉正常组（ba-PWV<1400 cm/s），49例（11.7%）；S1组：轻度动脉硬化组（1400 cm/s2000 cm/s），111例（26.5%）。记录其临床资料，采用多元Logistics回归分析高血压患者动脉硬化的危险因素。结果 与正常动脉组相比，不 同程度动脉硬化组之间的年龄、肥胖、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、总胆汁酸、腺苷脱氨酶、尿素氮、肌酐、胱抑素C、低密度脂蛋白、红细胞、血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原、FT3差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，年龄是高血压患者动脉重度硬化（OR=1.094，95%CI:1.052~1.137，P<0.05）、中度动脉硬化（OR=1.081，95%CI:1.039~1.125，P<0.05）的独立危险因素。Hb是高血压患者重度动脉硬化（OR=1.025，95%CI:1.003~1.045，P<0.05）及中度动脉硬化（OR=1.035, 95%CI:1.008~1.056，P<0.05）的新发独立危险因素，即Hb水平每增加1个标准差，高血压患者发生不同程度的动脉硬化风险增加1倍。结论 外周血红蛋白水平与高血压动脉硬化程度呈显著相关，外周血红蛋白有望成为高血压动脉硬化新的预测指标。     

Could tumor characteristics identified by colonoscopy predict the locally advanced rectal carcinoma?

Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiation is now considered the standard care for locally advanced rectal carcinoma （T3-4 or/and N1-2 lesions）, but the accuracy of staging examinations including endorectal ultrasonography （ERUS） and MRI is far from excellent. In addition, the above staging equipment or professionals who perform the examinations may not be available in some hospitals, while preoperative colonoscopy and biopsy are usually obtainable in most hospitals.The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of locally advanced rectal carcinoma and identify candidates for neoadjuvant chemoradiation.Methods This was a retrospective study. Patients who were treated for rectal cancer at Changhai Hospital from January 1999 to July 2008 were identified from our prospectively collected database. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Software System （version 15.0）. The Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed,Results A total of 1005 cases were included in this research, of which 761 cases were identified as locally advanced rectal carcinoma depending on postoperative TNM staging. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated seven independent risk factors that could be used to predict a locally advanced rectal carcinoma independently： a high grade （including poor differentiation and undifferentiation） （OR： 3.856; 95% CI： 2.064 to 7.204;P=0.000）; large tumor size （OR： 2.455; 95% CI： 1.755 to 3.436; P=0.000）; elevated preoperative serum CEA level （OR：1.823; 95% CI： 1.309 to 2.537; P=0.000）; non-polypoid tumor type （OR： 1.758; 95% CI： 1.273 to 2.427; P=0.001）; the absence of synchronous polyps （OR： 1.602; 95% CI： 1.103 to 2.327; P=0.013）; the absence of blood in stool （OR： 1.659;95% CI： 1.049 to 2.624; P=0.030）; and a greater circumferential tumor extent （OR： 1.813; 95% CI： 1.055 to 3,113;P=0.031）. Based on these findings, a Logistic equation was established, the accuracy of which was 64% according to the information of the additional 50 cases.Conclusions Some independent risk factors related with locally advanced rectal carcinoma were identified, based on which it is possible to establish a Logistic equation as a tool to predict candidates of neoadjuvant chemoradiation.Further research about optimization of the equation is warranted.     

接受抗病毒治疗HIV/AIDS患者艾滋病心理痛苦现状及影响因素

目的：调查接受抗病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者艾滋病心理痛苦现状及影响因素。方法：2022年3月—2022年6月,采用便利抽样法从北京地区艾滋病社会组织招募765例HIV/AIDS患者进行在线调查,调查内容为一般资料调查表和艾滋病心理痛苦量表。采用χ²检验、Fisher确切概率法和Logistic回归分析艾滋病心理痛苦的影响因素。结果：本次调查共收集有效数据765份,被调查HIV/AIDS患者艾滋病心理痛苦检出率83.27%。Logistic回归分析结果表明没有固定工作(OR=5.004,95%CI=1.867～13.410,P=0.001)、接受抗病毒治疗1～3年(OR=2.613,95%CI=1.354～5.044,P=0.004)、不按时服药(OR=31.277,95%CI=4.143～236.092,P=0.001)是艾滋病心理痛苦发生的危险因素,而已婚(OR=0.320,95%CI=0.187～0.550,P<0.001)、坚持使用安全套(OR=0.267,95%CI=0.127～0.563,P=0.001)、确诊时间长(OR=0.115,95%C...