西藏大学学生膳食营养状况调查分析

目的:了解西藏大学学生膳食营养状况.方法:采用随机抽样的方法对西藏大学1038名学生进行了营养调查,膳食调查主要采用了食物频率法(FFQ)以及连续3天的24小时回顾法,同时进行了血常规和血压等检查、体格测量等.将计算学生每人每日营养素的摄入量与中国居民推荐膳食营养素摄入量(recommended nutrient intake,RNI)及适宜摄入量(adequate intake,AI)进行比较.结果:西藏大学学生多数维生素摄入不足,在各种维生素中仅有2～3项达到或超过RNI及AI,新鲜蔬菜、豆类、牛奶、鸡蛋、海产品等摄入频率不够理想,有14.9%的学生不吃早餐.结论:学生的饮食结构不够理想,应该合理的进行膳食搭配.提高蔬菜水果类、鱼虾类、奶类、豆类等的摄入频率,积极提倡合理饮食,提高大学生营养状况.     

我校大学生膳食营养调查

目的了解我校在校生膳食营养状况,为改进膳食工作提供依据。方法采用结合一般体检结果 24h回顾法对我校200名在校大学生的膳食营养状况进行调查。结果参照《中国居民膳食指南（2007）》,对调查者饮食营养状况进行评价,我校学生每天食物摄入总能量达标,运动量达标,摄水量基本达标,但钙、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B2摄入不足,豆类、薯类、奶类及水果不足。女生铁摄入不足。体质指数基本正常。结论我校学生膳食营养摄入情况良好,但要注意增加豆类、薯类、水果及铁的摄入。     

陕西省宝鸡市居民膳食营养与慢性病关系调查分析

目的 了解陕西省宝鸡市居民膳食营养相关情况,为制订相关慢性病防控措施提供科学依据.方法 采用抽样调查、半定量食物频率调查法和营养成分分析等方法进行调查.结果 共调查5 020人.陕西省宝鸡市居民对蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、奶类等摄入量不足,分别为平均每人每天摄入213.5、126.8、5.2、50.7 g,而对食用油和盐摄入量超标,分别为52.6、9.5 g;不同性别对谷类、蔬菜类、豆类、奶类、油等摄入量比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,城市与农村比较,除油外,其余差异也均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;对维生素A、B2、B6和叶酸、钙等摄入量明显不足,对钠摄入量显著超过推荐量,不同性别对营养素摄入量比较,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;居民中超体质量者占27.0%,肥胖者占5.4%.结论 应提倡居民增加蔬菜类、水果类、鱼虾类、奶类等食物的摄入,限制油和盐的摄入,通过合理膳食防控高血压、糖尿病等相关慢性病的发生.     

儿童急性白血病患者营养状况调查

目的了解同期住院儿童血液病患者的膳食营养状况,进行正确合理的营养指导,促进疾病的恢复。方法采用24h回顾法和7d记账法,以调查问卷形式了解患者日常的食物种类和数量;用NCCW2006营养咨询软件统计患儿膳食中各种营养素的摄入量后进行评价。结果各年龄组之间能量摄入均不足,三大产能营养素中脂肪的供能比例较低;各组间维生素摄入差别较一致,其中VA、VBZ、VC摄入不足,VB1、VE摄入相对充足;矿物质中,Ca、Zn、Fe摄入不足,Se摄入充足。结论此次调查的血液病大部分患儿的能量、蛋白质、脂肪、VA、VB2、VC、Ca、Zn、Fe摄入量较低,营养状况及营养素的摄入情况需要改善。     

508例老年人营养状况分析

为了解老年人的食物摄入,饮食习惯及膳食结构,探讨膳食与健康的关系,我们于2001年秋和2002年春分别为门诊查体老年人进行了膳食调查。2001年秋季随机调查了244例门诊查体老年人,其中男201例,女33例,年龄60～78岁。2002年春季随机调查了262例,其中男230例,女32例,年龄60～75岁。采用询问法及查体结果分析法,调查数据统计分析采用Excel和SPSS软件,计算各指标的有关参数或作显著性检验。两次调查结果表明,热能和蛋白质摄入量偏高;钙不足;VitA摄入偏低,只占该人群参考摄入量(DRIs)的39.3%～55.0%;VitB1和VitB2的摄入量均不到DRIs的80%,女…     

潜艇人员膳食与营养素摄入状况调查

目的了解潜艇人员的膳食及营养素摄人状况。方法选择某潜艇部队潜艇人员68人,非潜艇人员50人。通过膳食调查了解能量和营养素摄人状况。结果同军队规定的标准比较,潜艇人员的蛋白质、VitC、vifE、硒的营养素摄入量充足,VitA、VitB1、VitB2摄入量不足,脂肪摄人量偏高（P〈0．05）。结论潜艇人员膳食摄入呈现高脂肪、高蛋白、低碳水化物的状态,某些抗氧化营养素摄入不足。     

上海市浦东新区部分养老机构入住老年人膳食营养调查与分析

目的:了解上海市浦东新区部分养老机构老年人膳食营养状况,为今后合理指导养老机构入住老年人膳食营养提供理论参考依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,通过记账法收集养老机构中330名中老年人的膳食种类和摄入量。结果:养老机构中老年人膳食以植物性食物摄入为主,其中谷类、蔬菜类、豆类及其制品、肉禽水产类、蛋类摄入量达到中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄人量,水果类、乳类摄入量低于标准;三大产热营养素产热分配比例中,碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪的供能百分比分别为65%、14%、21%,是符合推荐摄入量;优质蛋白质占48.4%,摄入偏少,脂肪酸摄入不合理,钙的摄人量为356.2mg/d,远低于参考摄人量,而铁的摄入量虽然达到参考摄入量,但食物来源不合理,88.1%来自于植物性食物。结论:上海浦东新区养老机构中老年人膳食结构不平衡,应加强宣传教育,提高营养知识水平;建议老年人多吃鱼虾类、乳类及其制品和新鲜的蔬菜水果,从而达到促进健康和合理营养的目的。     

南昌市1169例孕中期妇女膳食调查与评估

目的：了解南昌市孕妇的膳食营养状况,为指导孕妇科学饮食提供依据。方法采用回顾性研究法,对南昌市1169名孕中期妇女24h、3d及1周的膳食进行调查和营养评估。结果孕妇三大产热营养素的热能供给比例基本合理,谷类薯类、水果类、畜肉类摄入充足。大豆类、奶类、蔬菜类、禽肉类、鱼虾类、蛋类摄入偏低,钙、铁、锌、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C等多种营养素存在不同程度摄入不足。结论我市孕妇膳食结构不尽合理,营养状况不容乐观,普遍存在营养素缺乏现象,应加强孕妇营养健康教育和指导。     

高脂血症患者膳食状况调查分析

目的通过调查高脂血症患者膳食结构分析评价其合理性并提出干预对策。方法采用食物频数法和24h膳食回顾对208例高脂血症患者的膳食状况进行调查。结果被调查患者膳食中禽肉类比重过高;蔬菜水果及粮谷类摄入不足,膳食纤维摄入量未达到要求。脂肪摄入超过推荐量标准。结论被调查的高脂血症患者膳食结构不合理,建议适当降低总能量和脂肪的摄入,增加膳食纤维的摄入,平衡膳食,均衡营养;加强高脂血症患者的营养教育。     

军队老干部膳食结构及微量元素摄入15年变化分析

目的了解军队老干部在15年中膳食结构及微量元素摄入的变化情况。方法对1995、2005和2010年来我院疗养的军队老干部进行膳食调查,并对膳食中铁、锌、硒、铜、锰五种微量元素摄入情况进行分析与评价。结果 膳食结构中,谷类食物摄入逐年下降,已经接近中国居民平衡膳食宝塔推荐摄入量的低值;肉类、食盐、烹调油摄入量逐年升高并大大超过推荐量;乳类摄入量明显不足;热能、蛋白质、烟酸、VB1、VC、VE及胆固醇的摄入已超过推荐量,且呈逐渐上升趋势,VA、VB2及钙摄入量呈明显上升趋势,但还未达到推荐摄入量;脂肪供能比增长较快,2010年已达38.5%,大大超过推荐摄入量。微量元素铁、锌、硒摄入量呈逐年上升趋势,至2010年军队老干部膳食中铁、锌、硒、铜、锰五种微量元素已基本达到推荐摄入量。结论军队老干部营养状况改善明显,各种微量元素摄入量普遍得到提高,但脂肪、胆固醇、食盐摄入过高及乳类摄入不足的问题还比较严重,应继续加强营养宣传教育和正确引导。     

特勤疗养营养管理系统对特勤疗养员膳食营养干预的效果分析

目的：应用“特勤疗养营养管理系统”对特勤疗养员进行膳食营养干预,以期建立有效的特勤疗养膳食营养管理模式。方法按整群抽样方法抽取南京军区杭州疗养院海勤疗养区180名特勤疗养员进行膳食调查,了解当前特勤疗养员存在的膳食营养问题,应用“特勤疗养营养管理系统”进行膳食营养干预,再次选择一定的样本量进行膳食调查,比较干预后特勤疗养员膳食营养状况的改善情况。结果与干预前相比,除水果外,各类食物的剩余率较干预前减少,其中粮食、畜肉、禽肉、禽蛋、鱼虾类、牛奶、蔗糖、植物油、蔬菜、干菜类的剩余率减少明显（ P＜0．05）;不合理膳食结构改善明显,三大产能营养素供能比例基本符合军标要求;烹调油摄入量为65．1 g/d,胆固醇摄入量为792．4 mg/d,基本满足军标要求;除维生素A外,其余各营养素的摄入量均已达标或超标,其中维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C和钙的摄入量增加明显（ P＜0．05）。结论“特勤疗养营养管理系统”的应用能有效提高营养师配餐水平、降低食物剩余率,并改善特勤疗养员饮食行为及膳食营养状况。     

Feeding high-risk infants with family history of allergy

Since the turn of the century, CM (cow's milk) formulas have become progressively more common as breast milk substitutes when mother's milk is unavailable, and CM allergy (CMA) has thus gradually become a more common disorder. Therefore the management of CMA infants confronts pediatricians and allergists with one of the most demanding challenges. In the first year of life of many children, CM provides almost the entire dietary supply of proteins, carbohydrates, and fat; its high nutritional value and low cost should be noted. However, children with CMA can avoid CM without nutritional loss if nutrients are provided by other foods such as meat, fish, vegetables and fruit. Thus the choice of an adequate CM substitute for high-risk infants with family history of allergy is mandatory. The ideal CM substitute should be hypoallergenic; have an adequate nutritional value according to the infant's age; be easily available and inexpensive; and be palatable in order to obtain a good compliance. CM substitutes now available are soy protein formulas (SPF) and hydrolysate formulas (HF). Consequently pediatricians are now over-whelmed with a variety of information on new formulas called hypoallergenic and are faced with a difficult choice among them.     

妊娠妇女在不同孕期血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B_(12)的检测及临床意义

目的检测妇女妊娠期血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量,为预防和治疗妊娠贫血提供实验依据。方法用化学发光免疫分析方法检测妊娠妇女血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量。结果血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量随孕期增长而降低,早孕妇女与正常对照组比较,铁蛋白和叶酸明显低于对照组(P<0.05),维生素B12无统计学意义(P>0.05);中、晚孕期妇女血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量与正常对照组比较,铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12均显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论测定妇女妊娠期血清铁蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12的含量,可以鉴别妇女妊娠期贫血的原因,预防和治疗孕妇贫血,并保障胎儿的正常生长发育。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸浓度的监测及其影响因素分析

目的：监测妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）浓度，并对其影响因素进行分析。方法：采用荧光偏振免疫分析法检测266例妊娠期高血压疾病患者和250例正常晚期妊娠妇女血浆tHcy浓度，并同时检测其血清叶酸、维生素B12（VitB12）浓度，对血浆tHcy浓度和血清叶酸、VitB12浓度的关系进行分析。结果：妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHcy浓度显著高于正常妊娠组（P〈0．01），且重度患者显著高于轻度患者（P〈0．01），血清叶酸浓度、VitB12浓度妊娠期高血压疾病组均显著低于正常妊娠组（P〈0.01）。相关分析显示，两组血浆tHcy浓度与血清叶酸、VitB12浓度均呈负相关性。结论：妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHcy浓度明显升高，叶酸、VitB12缺乏可能是诱发妊娠期高血压疾病患者血浆tHcy浓度升高的重要因素之一。     

Contribution of dietary patterns to blood heavy metal concentrations in Korean adults: Findings from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and blood levels of lead and mercury in Korean adults. A total of 858 Korean adults (⩾20 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V-1 2010 were included in this study. Data of biochemical measurements including blood lead and mercury levels, nutrients intakes and anthropometric measurements were acquired. ‘Balanced diet’, ‘Grain and kimchi’, and ‘Alcohol and noodle’ dietary patterns were derived from a factor analysis, and the subjects were divided into tertiles by each dietary pattern score. A logistic multiple regression analysis showed that the balanced diet pattern was negatively associated with blood levels of lead before and after adjustment. On the other hand, the alcohol and noodle pattern was positively associated with blood lead and mercury levels. These results indicate that the alcohol and noodle dietary pattern characterized by high alcohol consumption and lack of various foods, and the balanced dietary pattern, including vegetable, fish, meat and milk intake, was associated with the blood concentrations of heavy metals in Korean adults.     

The diet of Auckland men and women aged 25-64 years.

The dietary intake of a sample of 537 men and 372 women aged 25-64 years, randomly selected from the Auckland general electoral rolls, was assessed in order to describe current nutritional patterns in Auckland and to compare dietary intakes between men and women. A 118 item food frequency questionnaire was given to each participant to recall usual intake over the previous three months. After adjusting for energy intake, men consumed significantly more fat and cholesterol than women, consistent with their increased intake of red meat (median serves per month = 28 for men, 23 for women) and their greater tendency to eat fried meat (80.3% v 71.7%) and to drink full cream milk (82.7% v 70.7%). In contrast, women consumed more carbohydrate and fibre than men after adjusting for energy, consistent with their increased intake of vegetables (median serves per month = 136 for women, 116 for men) and fruit (median serves per month = 71 for women, 39 for men). These dietary differences between men and women may partly explain the increased coronary heart disease rates in men.     

山西省风湿免疫病与环境因素的相关性研究

目的：探讨山西省风湿免疫病与环境因素的相关性。方法：选择山西医科大学第二医院风湿科住院部风湿病患者200例,采取抽样调查的方法进行问卷调查。调查内容主要为患者居住地市环境指标[包括空气质量指数(AQI)、大气颗粒物(PM)2.5、PM 10、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和臭氧]、饮食习惯[包括高简单碳水化合物/低简单碳水化合物为主、高盐/低盐为主、高脂饮食与否、高蛋白饮食与否、高膳食纤维(主要是蔬菜)摄入量、深海鱼肉及优质植物蛋白(豆类及坚果)摄入量],并与健康对照组(120例)进行比较,分析以上环境因素与风湿病的关系。结果：与太原相比,吕梁及朔州人群发生风湿免疫病的可能性较低(P<0.05),其他各设区市比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);风湿病患者简单碳水化合物、盐、食用油的摄入量明显高于健康对照组,蔬菜、深海鱼肉、豆类坚果等优质蛋白的摄入量明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论：环境因素,尤其是空气质量和饮食习惯及结构均与风湿免疫病的发生息息相关。     

Attaining optimal bone status: lessons from the 1997 National Nutrition Survey

AIMS: To examine the adequacy of calcium intake in relation to current recommendations, demographic differences in calcium intake and dietary sources in the New Zealand population. METHODS: 24-hour diet recall and qualitative food frequency data from the 1997 New Zealand National Nutrition Survey (NNS97) were used. RESULTS: No age-gender subgroups had median intakes meeting the latest (1998) US recommendations. Women's median intakes failed to meet even the considerably lower 1990 Australian recommendations. 20% of New Zealanders and one in four women had intakes below the UK Estimated Average Requirements for calcium. Intakes below the UK Lower Reference Nutrient Intake (the level at which the risk of deficiency is virtually 100%) were common (15-20%) among women aged 15-18 years, those living in the most deprived areas or Maori. Milk and milk products were the major sources of the nation's calcium intake. CONCLUSION: Although other factors such as genetics, hormonal status, vitamin D status and exercise influence skeletal health, adequate calcium intakes are important in minimizing bone loss. A reduction in the proportion of New Zealanders with inadequate calcium intakes will most readily be achieved if more people meet the milk products Dietary Guideline (minimum of two servings daily). Health professionals can play an important role in raising perceptions of the benefits of adequate calcium intakes, promoting the milk products Dietary Guideline, and emphasising that lower fat diets can include adequate calcium through use of reduced fat milk products.