雄激素对发育中小鼠下颌下腺神经生长因子合成的影响

光镜下观察了发育中小鼠下颌下腺内神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)的免疫反应定位及雄激素对它的影响.在生后发育阶段NGF阳性染色定位于颗粒纡曲导管(granular convoluted tubule,GCT)细胞,并且随着该导管发育的进展而增加;已经证明的成年小鼠下颌下腺NGF表达的性差异在性成熟前已可见到.给发育中小鼠雄性激素促进下颌下腺中GCT的发育和NGF的合成.这些结果表明在小鼠下颌下腺发育过程中雄激素可能对NGF合成起过重要作用.     

成人下颌下腺内NT-3的表达及意义

目的　对成人下颌下腺内NT 3进行定位研究。方法　对正常成人下颌下腺采用HE和免疫组织化学SABC染色方法。结果　成人下颌下腺导管上皮细胞呈NT 3免疫反应阳性 ,其中以纹状管最为明显。导管上皮细胞核和腺泡细胞则为阴性。结论　成人下颌下腺中有NT 3的表达 ,提示NT 3可能参与了下颌下腺复杂的分泌功能     

小鼠下颌下腺发育中转化生长因子β受体的表达

背景：小鼠的下颌下腺是研究唾液腺的发育的良好模型,转化生长因子β是器官发育和疾病中重要的生长因子,但是在下颌下腺中转化生长因子β受体的表达以及作用机制至今并不明确。 目的：观察胚胎小鼠下颌下腺发育过程中转化生长因子βⅠ型受体和Ⅱ型受体以及p-ERK1/2的表达,揭示转化生长因子β在小鼠涎腺发育中的作用。 方法：取C57BL/6J小鼠胚胎期第14.5天的标本,使用转化生长因子βⅠ型受体和Ⅱ型受体以及p-ERK1/2抗体,对小鼠的下颌下腺进行免疫组化染色。取新生小鼠标本,大体观察下颌下腺,并且使用苏木精-伊红染色观察其形态。 结果与结论：①小鼠出生时,下颌下腺位于下颌骨下方;苏木精-伊红染色发现小鼠下颌下腺的腺泡、导管和闰管细胞也已经分化完成。②在胚胎期第14.5天,转化生长因子βⅠ型和Ⅱ型受体在腺泡上皮和导管上皮内高表达,而腺体上皮细胞外的间充质没有表达。③p-ERK1/2主要也是表达在下颌下腺的上皮细胞中,与转化生长因子βⅠ型受体和Ⅱ型受体在下颌下腺中的表达基本一致。说明在小鼠下颌下腺的发育过程中,转化生长因子β蛋白可能通过与上皮细胞表面的受体结合,激活ERK信号通路来调节涎腺腺泡和导管的发育。     

大鼠下颌下腺降钙素的定位研究

目的观察大鼠下颌下腺降钙素（CT）的分布。方法取16只健康的SD大鼠下颌下腺,采用免疫组织化学SP法进行染色。结果在大鼠下颌下腺,可见CT反应阳性物,它们主要分布于浆液性腺泡、混合性腺泡的浆液细胞内,各级导管的上皮细胞也呈CT反应阳性。结论下颌下腺可能具有分泌降钙素的功能,提示下颌下腺可能参与钙磷代谢的生理调节。     

瘦素及其受体在大鼠下颌下腺的定位研究

目的研究大鼠下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达及意义。方法取SD大鼠下颌下腺，分别进行HE染色和瘦素与瘦素受体的免疫组织化学染色。结果大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管和纹状管上皮细胞呈瘦素及其受体免疫反应阳性，其中颗粒曲管为强阳性反应，而纹状管为中等阳性反应，腺泡细胞为阴性。结论大鼠下颌下腺导管上皮细胞有瘦素及瘦素受体表达，提示下颌下腺也可能参与机体能量代谢与平衡的调节。     

小鼠下颔下腺中肥大细胞异质性研究

取小鼠下颌下腺,用甲苯胺蓝染色、Alcian蓝一藏红染色及免疫组织化学ABC法显示肥大细胞的异质性.结果表明;肥大细胞主要分布于间质的小血管、小叶间导管及神经节周围.此外还发现有些肥大细胞沿腺实质表面排列,有些肥大细胞伸出突起与相邻的神经元或肥大细胞接触.肥大细胞呈降钙素基因相关肽免疫反应阳性,但仅为相邻切片甲苯胺蓝染色的14 %.提示下颌下腺中肥大细胞的存在可能与腺体分泌活动及血流调节有关.     

大鼠下颌下腺内自分泌运动因子及其受体的定位

目的:探讨自分泌运动因子及其受体在大鼠下颌下腺中的表达特点,为进一步研究自分泌运动因子及其受体对下颌下腺是否有功能意义提供依据。方法:应用HE和免疫组织化学SABC法染色。结果:大鼠下颌下腺颗粒曲管、纹状管及小叶间导管上皮细胞呈自分泌运动因子及其受体免疫反应阳性。免疫反应产物分布于胞质,胞核为免疫反应阴性。下颌下腺的腺泡上皮细胞均呈自分泌运动因子及其受体免疫反应阴性。结论:正常大鼠下颌下腺仅导管上皮有自分泌运动因子及其受体的分布,提示下颌下腺产生的自分泌运动因子对下颌下腺及机体可能有重要调节意义。     

运动神经诱向因子1及其受体在大鼠下颌下腺的表达

实验用运动神经诱向因子１的单克隆抗体及抗独特型单克隆抗体的免疫组织化学染色研究了运动神经诱向因子１及其受体在大鼠下颌下腺的表达。邻片免疫组织化学法显示：成年雄性大鼠下颌下腺的浆液性腺泡及各级导管上皮细胞增多呈运动神经诱向因子１及其受体的免疫的应阳性，副交感神经节细胞也呈运动神经诱向因子１及其受体免疫反应阳性，提示下颌下腺的以上结构均能自分泌运动神经诱向因子１。生后１日龄大鼠、仅见个别腺导管显示为极     

甲磺酸伊马替尼调控Telocytes对下颌下腺唾液分泌功能的影响液分泌功能的影响

目的 探讨甲磺酸伊马替尼调控Telocytes(TCs)对下颌下腺唾液分泌功能的影响。 方法 采用免疫荧光染色技术对TCs免疫标记物（C-kit/CD117、CD34）进行双标记染色,进而对小鼠下颌下腺内TCs进行定位。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）显示小鼠下颌下腺内TCs的超微结构及其与周围细胞之间的关系。建立甲磺酸伊马替尼干预模型,实验小鼠分5组：正常组（共24只）,用药1周、2周、3周、4周组（共24只）,药物以80 mg/(kg·d)每日灌胃,免疫荧光显示,用药前后下颌下腺内TCs的变化;免疫印迹法(Western blotting)观察用药前后CD117、CD34及下颌下腺内α唾液淀粉酶（α-Amy）蛋白表达水平的变化。 结果 免疫荧光染色显示,TCs广泛分布于下颌下腺结缔组织内,胞体较小有突起（Tps）,Tps相互连接成网络样结构,包绕着腺泡及导管,随甲磺酸伊马替尼干预时间延长,用药组Tps构成的网络样结构变稀疏。超微结构显示,Tps呈念珠状,与邻近组织紧密相连,周围可见胞外囊泡。 随用药时间的增加Tps减少,TCs胞内囊泡增多,胞内细胞器减少。免疫印迹法显示,用药后CD117、CD34、α-Amy 蛋白表达水平相应减少且互为正相关。 结论 小鼠下颌下腺内存在TCs, 甲磺酸伊马替尼对TCs的干预可能会通过影响TCs的结构、免疫表型和细胞间通讯降低下颌下腺唾液分泌功能。     

大鼠下颌下腺和舌下腺5-羟色氨1A受体亚型基因表达的原位杂交组织化学研究

目的:观察5-HTlAR mRNA能否在大鼠下颌下腺及舌下腺表达,从基因水平进一步证明大鼠下颌下腺及舌下腺能否合成5-HTlAR.方法:采用原位杂交组织化学方法.结果:5-HTlAR mRNA阳性杂交信号分布于大鼠下颌下腺的浆液性腺泡上皮细胞和各级导管的上皮细胞,而在舌下腺的分布较为局限,阳性信号仅分布在小叶间和小叶内导管的上皮细胞.结论:大鼠下颌下腺、舌下腺均可合成5-HTlAR.     

Expression of podoplanin and classical cadherins in salivary gland epithelial cells of klotho-deficient mice

We have recently shown that salivary gland myoepithelial cells express podoplanin. Podoplanin indirectly binds the actin filament network which links classical cadherins. The study here is aimed to investigate the expression of podoplanin and cadherins on salivary gland myoepithelial cells and the changes in the aging cells using klotho-deficient (kl/kl) mice. The submandibular glands of kl/kl mouse lack granular ducts which express klotho in wild type mice, suggesting that klotho may be a gene responsible for granular duct development. Although aging resulted in growth suppression of myoepithelial cells because of the sparse distribution of the cells in kl/kl mouse salivary glands, the expression of podoplanin and E-cadherin was shown in aging myoepithelial cells. It is thought that podoplanin participates in the actin-E-cadherin networks which are maintained in aging myoepithelial cells. It was also shown that granular ducts were filled with P-cadherin, and that the P-cadherin amount was larger in the wild type mouse submandibular glands than in the sublingual and parotid glands of wild type mouse, and in the submandibular glands of kl/kl mouse. These findings suggest that the granular duct is an organ secreting soluble P-cadherin into the saliva.     

Immunolocalization of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in rat and mouse salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozyme I and isozyme II have been localized with the immunoperoxidase bridge method in cells of mouse and rat salivary glands and exorbital lacrimal glands. Immunostaining proved optimal in Carnoy fixed specimens for some sites and in Bouin fixed glands for other sites. Staining in mouse largely resembled that in rat glands, but minor species differences were observed. Serous acinar cells in the submandibular gland stained uniformly and exclusively for CA I. From 50 to 100% of the serous acinar cells in the parotid glands evidenced content of both CA I and CA II. A minor population of serous acinar cells in the mouse exorbital lacrimal gland stained for CA I and CA II, but these glands in the rat failed to stain. Immunostaining was observed in ducts in Bouin fixed glands. Some cells in striated ducts of submandibular and sublingual glands stained for CA I and CA II and other cells in these ducts were negative. Such cellular heterogeneity was also observed in excretory ducts of submandibular and sublingual glands. These findings thus demonstrate the presence of CA in two morphologically and functionally diverse cell populations in rodent salivary glands. Immunolocalization of the CA isozymes in serous acinar cells and intercalated duct cells, presumably packaged in secretory granules, implies a role for this enzyme in salivary secretions whereas localization of CA in striated and excretory ducts suggests their traditional function in fluid and electrolyte transport.     

胎儿下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达及定位

目的：观察胎儿下颌下腺内瘦素和瘦素受体的表达、分布及发育规律。方法：HE染色法和免疫组织化学SABC法。结果：胎儿下颌下腺内纹状管和小叶问导管上皮细胞呈瘦素及瘦素受体免疫阳性反应,免疫反应产物分布于导管上皮细胞胞质内,细胞核星阴性反应。在胚胎发育的不同阶段,免疫反应强度亦不等。结论：瘦素和瘦素受体表达于胎儿下颌下腺内,可能参与调节胎儿下颌下腺和胃肠的发育及功能活动。     

小鼠下颌下腺NGF基因表达的性别差异研究

实验应用地高辛标记人β神经生长因子ＤＮＡ探针原位杂交组化技术，研究小鼠下颌下腺神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）表达的性别差异。实验结果显示，雄性和雌性小鼠下颌下腺ＮＧＦ基因表达的部位基本相同，原位杂交反应产物都选择性分布于纹状管和颗粒曲管上皮细胞中，但雄性小鼠原位杂交信号强，雌性小鼠杂交信号较弱，原位杂交阳性小管在雄性小鼠以粗大的颗粒曲管为主，在雌性小鼠以细小的纹状管为主，颗粒曲管较少，而且在单位面积中雄性     

颌下腺神经内分泌细胞的初步探讨

用NSE-PAP免疫组织化学方法对大鼠、小鼠、猫,猴和人的颌下腺进行了比较观察。在大鼠和小鼠的颌下腺中,阳性反应主要定位于颗粒曲管细胞。纹状管及小叶间导管细胞呈中度阳性反应。猫,猴和人的颌下腺没有颗粒曲管,阳性反应主要定位于纹状管及小叶间导管细胞。对这些NSE阳性细胞的神经内分泌细胞属性进行了讨论。     

The prenatal human submandibular gland: a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study

The submandibular glands of 6 human fetuses, 13.5-16 weeks old, were studied using light and electron microscopic techniques. The developing gland at this stage consisted of a bush-like network of terminal buds (primitive acini) and primary ducts surrounded by a loose mesenchyme. Both components had a lumen which was surrounded by 1 or 2 layers of epithelial cells. Those cells adjacent to the lumen were attached by desmosomes but lacked well developed terminal bars. The cells were separated by an intercellular space, into which projected numerous microvilli. The cytoplasm of the epithelial cells contained the usual organelles with some cells containing large accumulations of glycogen granules. Serous granules and the luminal contents were both strongly PAS and AB positive. The function of this secretory material, at this stage of human development, is unknown. No mucus-like granules were observed. The terminal buds and primary ducts were surrounded by a well developed basal lamina and contained a few elongated cells which appeared morphologically as developing myoepithelial cells. Morphologically the development of the human submandibular gland, at 13.5-16 weeks of age, is roughly equivalent ot the developmental stage of the gland seen in the newborn rat or mouse. By birth, the human submandibular gland would likely reach a mature state, because there would be ample time remaining, in a normal gestation, for the maturation process to be completed.     

Histochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) activity in the submandibular gland of the mouse: effect of androgen, thyroid hormone, or postnatal age

Ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+-ATPase activity was localized histochemically in the submandibular gland of the mouse under various conditions using p-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate at pH 9. In untreated adult males and females, intense staining was seen in the basally striated portions of the epithelial cells lining the excretory and striated ducts. The region of the lateral cell membranes, but not of the apical plasmalemma, also stained. In granular convoluted tubules (GCTs), strong staining was seen only in a narrow band of the basalmost region of the cells; in males this stained region was thinner than in females, and frequently was absent. The baso-lateral margins of acinar and intercalated duct cells gave a very weak reaction. In untreated males, or in females that were treated with dihydrotestosterone, overall staining for the enzyme was always less than in untreated females, due to the diminished reactivity of androgen-stimulated GCT cells and the decreased number of striated ducts. However, in females treated with triiodothyronine, enhanced activity of Na+-K+-ATPase was indicated by stronger staining in all cell types, including the hypertrophied GCT cells. Na+-K+-ATPase activity was undetected in the submandibular glands at birth, but moderate staining was seen in the larger excretory and striated ducts by 5 days of age. From 10 days of age onward, intense staining was seen in the excretory and striated portions of the ramifying duct system. Developing GCT cells could not be distinguished from their precursor cells in the striated ducts until 25 days of age. These data indicate that the salt-handling capacity of the submandibular gland of the mouse varies with both endocrine status and age.     

三叶因子2在大鼠下颌下腺的表达及性差

目的:探讨三叶因子2(TFF2)在大鼠下颌下腺的定位及其在不同性别中的表达差异.方法:对大鼠下颌下腺进行TFF2免疫组织化学显色和RT-PCR检测TFF2mRNA表达.结果:TFF2免疫反应阳性物质主要位于闰管、纹状管和小叶间导管上皮细胞胞质,特别是近管腔面更多,纹状管和小叶间导管管腔内亦有阳性物质分布;颗粒区管的少颗粒暗细胞或无颗粒细胞强阳性;多颗粒细胞弱阳性或阴性.雄性大鼠的下颌下腺表达TFF2mRNA明显多于雌性.结论:TFF2主要分布在下颌下腺导管的上皮细胞,以雄性丰富,且主要以腔分泌方式发挥作用.     

Dynamics of parenchymal cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis in the young adult female mouse submandibular gland

The submandibular salivary gland of the young adult female mouse has two secretory cell types, acinar and granular duct, which are separated by intercalated ducts. Based on the occurrence of autologous cell division in these cells, they have been traditionally classified as expanding populations. However, differentiation from stem or progenitor cells in the intercalated ducts, usually associated with renewing populations, has also been detected. The question of renewing or expanding populations is resolved by quantitating and integrating the rates of autologous cell division, differentiation, and apoptosis for each cell type. The integrated data shows that both acinar and granular duct cell populations exhibit a substantial positive growth index, whereas the growth index for the intercalated duct cells is moderately negative. On balance, it suggests that the submandibular gland of the young adult female mouse is still growing. Comparison of young female mice with older females suggests that, although overall parenchymal growth slows with age, there is no longer a net loss of intercalated duct cells. Comparison with young adult male submandibular glands indicates that gender differences exist in the rates and mechanisms used for maintaining the different cell populations. The acinar and granular duct cell populations in young adult female mouse submandibular glands are expanding at the expense of the intercalated duct cell population, which appears to be contracting.