CT双对比颞下凳关节造影术的临床应用

目的 介绍ＣＴ双对比颞下凳关节造影技术，并评价其在颞下凳关节功能紊乱综合征中的诊断价值。方法 对１４例常规关节造影诊断困难的病例，进行ＣＴ双对比颞下凳关节造影检查。结果 １４例患者经ＣＴ双对比造影检查为正常者１例，可复性盘前移位者１例，不可复性盘前移位者２例，关节盘穿孔２例，关节盘粘连８例。结论ＣＴ 双对比颞下凳关节造影术是演唱 关节造影的重要补充，对关节盘粘连有特殊的诊断价值。     

MRI与CT双对比关节造影诊断颞下颌关节盘粘连的比较研究

目的比较颞下颌关节盘粘连的磁共振（MRI）和CT双对比造影结果，探讨它们在关节盘粘连中的诊断价值。方法对18例颞下颌关节关节盘粘连病例的MRI和CT双对比造影结果进行比较分析，分析内容包括粘连的部位、程度、是否有骨改变以及两者对盘粕连诊断的相关性。结果18例关节盘粘连在CT双对比造影上得到显示;而根据MRI仅诊断关节盘粘连6例.粘连部位在关节给节顶部附近。结论对颞下颌关节盘粘连的显示.CT双对比关节造影较MRI敏感而准确。     

颞下颌关节上腔造影双层显示对关节盘前移位的X线片影像分析

目的：探讨颞下颌关节上腔造影双侧显示的关节前移位的影像特点。方法：总结１９９４～１９９６ 年间在我院颞下颌关节门诊诊治的颞下颌关节前移位的１９７ 例进行双层显示的颞下颌关节造影。结果：可复性关节盘前移位８２例,占４１．６２％ 。不可复性关节盘前移位１１５ 例,占５８．３８％ ;关节前内移位者７４ 例,占３７．５６％ ,关节盘前外移位者８ 例,占４．０７％ ,单纯性关节前移位者１１５ 例,占５８．３７％ 。结论：颞下颌关节上腔造影双层显示不仅能诊断可复性盘前移和不复性盘前移,同时能够判断关节盘前移位过程中是否存在内外移位。     

MRI与CT双对比关节造影诊断颞下凳关节盘粘连的比较研究

目的 比较颞下凳关节盘粘连的磁共振（ＭＲＩ）和ＣＴ双对比造影结果，探讨它们在关节盘粘连中的诊断价值。方法 对１８例颞下凳关节关节盘粘连病例的ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ双对比造「影结果进行比较分析，分析内容包括粘连的部位、程度、是否有骨发迹以及两者对盘粘连诊断的相关性。结果 １８例关节盘粘连在ＣＴ双对比造影上得到显示；而根据ＭＲＩ仅诊断关节盘粘连６例，粘连部位在关节结节顶部附近。结论 对颞下凳关节盘粘连的显示，Ｃ     

颞下颌关节盘前移位和穿孔的关节内窥镜研究

目的 :探讨颞下颌关节内窥镜下颞下颌关节盘移位和关节盘穿孔的病理改变特征。方法 :76例 84侧临床诊断为颞下颌关节盘前移位以及关节盘穿孔的病例进行颞下颌关节内窥镜检查。结果 :可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎 ,关节腔内有絮状物 ,关节结节表面有纤维形成。不可复性关节结节表面纤维形成 ,关节软骨软化 ,软骨剥脱 ,同时伴有纤维粘连。关节盘穿孔大多数位于双板区与后带。关节盘穿孔出现滑膜增生 ,关节窝及关节结节表面纤维形成 ,软骨剥脱甚至骨质暴露。结论 :关节内窥镜检查可诊断关节盘前移位与关节盘穿孔 ,并能发现病理性改变 ,如滑膜炎 ,滑膜增生 ,纤维变性 ,软骨软化 ,关节内粘连等。在不可复性盘前移位病例中发现关节退行性改变 ,关节盘穿孔为严重的骨关节病。     

颞下颌关节盘前移位和穿孔的关节内窥镜研究

目的：探讨颞下颌关节内窥镜下颌下颌关节盘移位和关节盘穿孔的病理改变特征。方法：７６例８４例临床诊断为颞下颌关节盘胶移位以及关节盘穿孔的病例进行颞下颌关节内窥镜检查。结果：可复性关节盘前移位的病例出现滑膜炎，关节腔内有絮状物，关节结节表面有纤维形成。不可复笥关节结节表面纤维形成，关节软骨软化，软骨剥脱，同时伴有纤维粘连。     

颞下颌关节内粘连的影像学诊断

目的探讨颞下颌关节内粘连的影像学诊断标准。方法从１０３例颞下颌关节内疾患的病例中收集了２６例颞下颌关节内粘连病例，将临床检查、关节造影检查与颞下颌关节内窥镜检查相对照。结果颞下颌关节内粘连的关节造影检查可见：关节腔造影剂量减少，关节上腔造影剂变薄、狭窄；开闭口位时关节盘后带的压迹部位始终位于同一位置；造影剂边缘不整齐或造影剂中断以及关节内粘连伴有关节盘前移位。结论以上结果可作为关节造影诊断关节内粘连的依据。     

关节盘前移位颞下颌关节仿真模型的建立

目的:通过CT及MR数据结合三维重建软件建立关节盘前移位颞下颌关节的数字化仿真模型。方法:根据马绪臣颞下颌关节病分类标准,选取成年颞下颌关节紊乱病志愿者1名,X线片及CT检查排除颌骨疾患及颌面部肿瘤,MR斜矢状位扫描明确右侧颞下颌关节盘分界角向前为12.21°,盘前分界超过关节结节顶点。通过Simpleware及Ansys等三维重建软件处理其右侧颞下颌关节的CT薄层扫描数据及3D-MR扫描数据,建立关节盘前移位颞下颌关节的数字化仿真模型。结果:建立了包括骨皮质、骨松质、软骨和关节盘在内的关节盘前移位颞下颌关节数字化仿真模型,客观反应了关节盘前移位时颞下颌关节的外形及解剖特点。结论:成功建立了关节盘前移位颞下颌关节的数字化仿真模型,为关节盘前移位的研究奠定了基础。     

无症状颞下颌关节关节盘位置磁共振成像观察

为了解国人无症状人群中是否存在颞下颌关节关节盘移位，并探讨其对临床工作的参考意义，应用颞下颌关节斜矢状位和斜冠状位磁共振成像，对５０侧（３９例）无症状志愿受试者关节盘位置进行观察，发现盘移位率达３２％。对关节盘前移位和旋转移位的诊断及无症状关节存在盘移位在临床工作中的参考意义进行了讨论     

关节盘前移位测量与相关因素分析

目的：分析颞下颌关节紊乱病患者的关节盘前移位的程度的相关因素。方法：颞下颌关节紊乱病患者90例，在关节造影片上测量关节盘前移位的角度，分析关节盘前移位的角度与临床症状、关节骨质变化和锻状突位置的关系。结果：①可复性盘前移位者的AOB角显著小于不可复性盘前移位组(P＜0．01)，疾病的迁延，没有导致盘移位程度的增大；②与可复性盘前移位相比，不可复性盘前移位患者慢性期开口度明显变小，关节盘前移位的程度更大。结论：关节盘前移位以及锻状突在关节窝内的非正中位置特征，可能与关节组织结构的改建有关。病程迁延不一定会导致关节盘位置的变化。     

牙颌面专用CT颞下颌关节造影的临床应用

目的　探讨牙颌面专用CT颞下颌关节 (temporomandibularjoint ,TMJ)造影对关节盘移位及关节骨结构的诊断效果。方法　对 10 9例 (119侧 )TMJ行牙颌面专用CT关节造影检查 ,将关节盘移位分为 5型 ,髁突骨质改变分为 4型。结果　① 119侧关节均有不同类型的关节盘移位 ,其中 84侧仅有关节盘前移位 ;另 35例则为关节盘旋转移位和侧向移位。②骨关节病的发生率 :男性、女性分别为 6 0 0 %和 6 1.7% ;骨关节病的发生率与关节盘移位类型无关 (χ2 =1.5 6 ,P >0 .0 5 )。③ 73侧骨关节病关节中 ,4 9侧 (6 7.1% )病变发生于髁突外侧 ,8侧病变发生于髁突内侧 ,另有 5侧髁突骨质改变部位不能确定。结论　TMJ造影牙颌面专用CT技术可同时多层面显示关节盘及关节骨性结构的病变 ,尤其是可对关节盘旋转移位及侧向移位、关节盘穿孔等作出准确诊断 ,因而明显优于常规关节造影     

基于光谱CT的钙抑制技术评估颞下颌关节紊乱病患者关节盘位置

目的探索钙抑制光谱CT技术在评估颞下颌关节盘位置及测量关节盘后带厚度中的应用。方法对2019年2至7月解放军总医院海南医院放射科门诊就诊的23例颞下颌关节紊乱病患者[平均年龄23岁(12~62岁),男性14例,女性9例]行MRI斜矢状位、斜冠状位质子密度加权成像及光谱CT扫描,共纳入可评估关节45侧,依扫描设备分为MRI测量组及钙抑制光谱CT测量组。采用钙抑制算法对光谱CT进行去钙处理,并重建斜矢状位及冠状位钙抑制光谱CT图像。基于斜矢状位及冠状位图像评估关节盘位置,基于斜矢状位图像测量关节盘后带最大厚度。结果45侧颞下颌关节盘位置在MRI图像及钙抑制光谱CT图像上基本一致。MRI测量组与钙抑制光谱CT测量组所测后带厚度的组内相关系数为0.843(0.712,0.914),Bland-Altman图分析MRI与钙抑制光谱CT测量关节盘后带厚度的差值点[95.6%(43/45)]位于95%一致性界限内。Wilcoxon配对检验提示MRI测量组[2.57(1.76,3.65)mm]与钙抑制光谱CT测量组[2.67(1.74,4.56)mm]差异无统计学意义(P=0.07)。结论钙抑制光谱CT成像可以准确评估关节盘位置及关节盘后带厚度。     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of internal derangement in temporomandibular joints without a clinical diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalences of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of internal derangement (ID) in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) without a specific clinical diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), and to investigate whether in this TMJ group the variable of pain may be linked to MR imaging findings of ID. The study comprised 109 patients, who were assigned a clinical uni- or bilateral TMJ-related diagnosis of 'absence of TMD'. Bilateral sagittal and coronal MR images were obtained subsequently to establish the prevalence of TMJ ID. An MR imaging diagnosis of ID was found in 99 (55.9%) of the 177 TMJs investigated. About 30.3% of the closed mouth-related TMJ positions characterized by disc displacement presented with anterior disc displacement, while 27.3% had anterolateral and 25.3% anteromedial disc displacement. Analysis of the data revealed the presence of TMJ pain to be associated with significantly more MR imaging diagnoses of disc displacement without reduction than disc displacement with reduction (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the prevalences of ID and those of absence of ID (P > 0.05). Using chi-square analysis, no significant relationship was found between the presence of TMJ pain and the MR imaging diagnosis of TMJ ID (P=0.93). Use of the kappa statistical test indicated poor diagnostic agreement between the presence of TMJ pain and the MR imaging diagnosis of ID (kappa=0.01). The results suggest TMJs with a clinical diagnosis of 'absence of TMD' to be associated with a high rate of IDs, while in these instances the clinical variable of TMJ pain may have no effect on prevalences of MR imaging diagnoses TMJ ID. The data confirm the aspect of clinical diagnostic criteria as an unreliable instrument in predicting MR imaging diagnoses of TMJ ID.     

The diagnostic value of ultrasonography to determine the temporomandibular joint disk position

Objective. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging are the imaging techniques of choice in patients presenting with signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders suggesting soft tissue pathosis. With the disadvantage of arthrography as an invasive procedure and magnetic resonance imaging posing a problem in clinical availability and cost, the purpose of this study was to determine whether ultrasonography could be used to assess the presence or absence of disk displacement in patients with TMJ disorders.Study design. In 17 patients, 100 TMJ positions were investigated by static and dynamic ultrasonography to analyze the diskcondyle relationship. To compare the respective findings with those of a diagnostic method offering high accuracy, coronal and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging was carried out immediately afterwards.Results. With static ultrasonography showing a sensitivity of 0.41 and a specificity of 0.70 and dynamic ultrasonography a sensitivity of 0.31 and a specificity of 0.95, the data revealed that static and dynamic ultrasonography are marginal in detecting the presence of disk displacement, but dynamic ultrasonography is sensitive in detecting the absence of disk displacement. However, with a positive predictive value of 0.61 and a negative predictive value of 0.51 for static ultrasonography, and a positive predictive value of 0.88 and a negative predictive value of 0.55 for the dynamic technique, the results indicate that both modalities are insufficient in establishing a correct diagnosis for the presence or absence of disk displacement.Conclusion. In view of the fact that dynamic ultrasonography proved to be a reliable diagnostic aid for the detection of normal disk position, the results of this study should be of further interest and encourage research in its potential uses and diagnostic capabilities.     

Anteriorly displaced temporomandibular joint articular disk. Report of a case diagnosed by computed tomography

The diagnosis of anterior displacement of a temporomandibular joint articular disk was made with computed tomography and documented with conventional arthrography. We are reporting the case to show the potential value of computed tomography for evaluating problems of the temporomandibular joint. The patient underwent thin-section axial computed tomography with advanced software imaging techniques. The articular disk was evident on the scan. It was anterior to the condyle and inferior to the articular eminence. Further studies are planned to determine whether computed tomography can supplement or possibly supplant conventional arthrography in the diagnosis of soft-tissue disorders of the temporomandibular joint.     

Evaluation of digital subtraction arthrography on the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome]

Digital subtraction arthrography of temporomandibular joint superior cavity (TMJSC-DSA) was performed for 70 cases with TMJ dysfunction syndrome. A comparative observation between the operative findings and the findings of TMJSC-DSA examination was carried out for 11 cases who underwent TMJ operation. The results showed that TMJSC-DSA could overcome the disadvantages of conventional arthrography and make exact diagnoses for the anterior displacement of the disc and the disc perforation.     

Temporomandibular joint internal derangement type III: relationship to magnetic resonance imaging findings of internal derangement and osteoarthrosis. An intraindividual approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether in patients with a clinical unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related finding of internal derangement type (ID)-III (disk displacement without reduction) in combination with TMJ-related pain, the intraindividual variable of 'unilateral TMJ ID-III pain' may be linked to subject-related magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of TMJ ID, and TMJ osteoarthrosis (OA). The study comprised 48 consecutive TMJ pain patients, who were assigned a clinical unilateral TMJ pain side-related diagnosis of ID-III. Bilateral sagittal and coronal MR images were obtained to establish the presence or absence of TMJ ID and/or OA. Comparison of the TMJ side-related data showed a significant relationship between the clinical finding of TMJ ID-III pain and the MR imaging diagnoses of TMJ ID (P=0.000) and TMJ ID type (P=0.000). There was no correlation between the clinical finding of TMJ ID-III pain and the MR imaging diagnosis of TMJ OA (P=0.217), nor between the MR imaging diagnosis of TMJ OA and that of TMJ ID (P=0.350). Regarding the diagnostic subgroups of TMJ ID, a significant relationship was found between the presence of TMJ OA and the MR imaging diagnoses of TMJ ID type(P=0.002). Use of the Kappa statistical test indicated a fair diagnostic agreement between the presence of TMJ ID-III pain and the MR imaging diagnosis of disk displacement without reduction (DDNR) (K=0.42). The results suggest that TMJ ID-III pain is related to TMJ-related MR imaging diagnoses of ID. Further, the data confirm the biological concept of 'DDNR and OA' as an underlying mechanism in the etiology of TMJ-related pain and dysfunction.     

Relationship between temporomandibular joint pain and magnetic resonance imaging findings of internal derangement

In terms of clinical decision-making in instances of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and orofacial pain, there is controversy in the literature over the diagnostic significance of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related variable disk-condyle relationship (DCR). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether in patients with TMJ-related pain, the variable of TMJ pain may be linked to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of internal derangement (ID). The study comprised 163 consecutive TMJ pain patients. Criteria for including a patient were report of orofacial pain referred to the TMJ, and the presence of uni- or bilateral TMJ pain during palpation, during function, and/or during unassisted or assisted mandibular opening. Bilateral sagittal and coronal MR images were obtained to establish the prevalence of TMJ ID types. Analysis of the data revealed the presence of TMJ pain to be associated with significantly more MR imaging diagnoses of ID than an absence of ID (P<0.001), and disk displacement without reduction than disk displacement with reduction (P<0.001). Using chi-square analysis, the results showed a significant relationship between the presence of TMJ-related pain and the MR imaging diagnosis of TMJ ID (P=0.001), and TMJ ID type (P=0.000). Use of the Kappa statistical test indicated poor diagnostic agreement between the presence of TMJ pain and the MR imaging diagnosis of ID (K=0.16). The results suggest that the clinical variable of TMJ pain may have a significant effect on the prevalences of MR imaging diagnoses of TMJ ID. The data confirm the biological concept of DCR as a diagnostic approach in patients with signs and symptoms of TMJ-related pain.