Polymorphisms at cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase,apolipoproteins B and E and low density lipoprotein receptor genes in patients with gallbladder stone disease

AIM: To investigate the relationship between gallbladderstone disease (GSD) and single nucleotide polymorphismsof cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) gene promoter,apolipoprotein (APO) B gene exon 26,APOEgene exon 4 ormicrosatellite polymorphism of low density lipoproteinreceptor (LDLR) gene exon 18.METHODS: Genotypes of CYP7A,APOB,APOE and LDLRgenes were determined in 105 patients with GSD diagnosedby B-mode ultrasonography and 274 control subjects.Serum lipids were analyzed with HITACHI 7060 automaicbiochemical analyzer.RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher inpatients with GSD (24.47±3.09) than in controls (23.50±2.16).Plasma total cholesterol was lower in patients with GSD(4.66±0.92 mmol/L) than in controls (4.91±0.96 mmol/L),P<0.01 after adjusted for age,sex and BMI.The significantlyhigher frequency of A allele of CYP7A gene polymorphismand X allele of APOBgene polymorphism was seen in GSDpatients.Percentages of A allele in patients and controlswere 62.86% and 54.38% (P<0.05) and those of X allele8.57% and 4.01% (P<0.01).Subjects with A allele hadsignificantly lower plasma total cholesterol and LDLcholesterol than subjects with CC homozygote.In a multiplevariable logistic regression model,the BMI (OR=1.13,95%CI: 1.05-1.22),A allele (OR=1.48,95% CI: 1.05-2.09) andX allele (OR=2.28,95% CI: 1.14-4.59) were positivelyassociated with GSD (P<0.05).Plasma total cholesterol(OR=0.69,95% CI: 0.64-0.74) was negatively related toGSD (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: With an association analysis,it was determinedthat A allele of CYP7A gene and X allele of APOB genemight be considered as risk genes for GSD.These allelesare related with differences of serum lipids among subjects.Multiple-variable logistic regression model analysis showedthat besides BMI,GSD was affected by polygenetic factors.But the mechanism for these two alleles responsible for GSDrequires further investigations.     

Promoter polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 gene and ulcerative colitis

AIM: To elucidate the possible difference in two promoter polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene (-800G > A, -509C > T)between ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and normal subjects.METHODS: A total of 155 patients with established ulcerative colitis and 139 normal subjects were selected as controls. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of TGF-β1 gene (-509C > T and -800G > A) were genotyped using PCR-RFLP.RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency distributions between UC patients and controls for the -800G > A polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene (P < 0.05). The frequency of the TGF-β1 gene polymorphism at position -800 showed that the AA genotype and the allele A frequencies significantly differed between the patients and healthy controls (P <0.05). At position -509, there was no statically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency between the patients and control subjects.CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that there is a significant difference in both allele and genotype frequency at position -800G > A of TGF-β1 gene promoter between Iranian patients with UC and normal subjects.     

Promoter polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 gene and ulcerative colitis

AIM： To elucidate the possible difference in two promoter polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） gene （-800G 〉 A, -509C 〉 T） between ulcerative colitis （UC） patients and normal subjects.
METHODS： A total of 155 patients with established ulcerative colitis and 139 normal subjects were selected as controls. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of TGF-β1 gene （-509C 〉 T and -800G 〉 A） were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS： There was a statistically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency distributions between UC patients and controls for the -800G 〉 A polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene （P 〈 0.05）. The frequency of the TGF-β1 gene polymorphism at position -800 showed that the AA genotype and the allele A frequencies significantly differed between the patients and healthy controls （P 〈 0.05）. At position -509, there was no statically significant difference in genotype and allele frequency between the patients and control subjects.
CONCLUSION： The results of our study indicate that there is a significant difference in both allele and genotype frequency at position -800G 〉 A of TGF-β1 gene promoter between Iranian patients with UC and normal subjects.     

Relationship between interleukin 18 polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection

AIM:To identify the relationship between the tagging single nucleotide polymorphism sites(tagSNPs)of the Interleukin-18(IL-18)gene and genetic susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese patients.METHODS:Five hundred and one cases of chronic hep-atitis B virus(HBV)infection and 301 HBV natural clearance controls were studied.Two tagSNPs in the IL-18 gene(rs1946518A/C and rs574424C/G)were genotyped by the Multiplex Snapshot technique.The genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and analyzed.RESULTS:In the genotypes of rs1946518,the AA type was present at a higher frequency in the patients compared to those in the controls.Odds ratio(OR)of theAA genotype for the comparison with that of the AC and the CC genotype was 1.537(95%confidence intervals(CI):1.116-2.218,P=0.009<0.025).In pheno-types,the allele C at rs1946518 was of a significantly lower frequency in the patients with chronic hepatitis B than that in the controls(P=0.017<0.025).OR of the allele A for the comparison with that of the allele C was 1.279(95%CI:1.045-1.567).As for the rs574424 genotypes,no significant difference in this genotype distribution or in this allele frequency between the patients and the control subjects was observed.No significant difference in the haplotype frequencies between the patients with chronic hepatitis B and HBV natural clearance individuals was displayed.CONCLUSION:The data suggest that genotype AA and the allele A of the IL-18 at position rs1946518 are closely associated with the resistance to chronic hepatitis B and may be the dangerous gene.However,no statistical association was found between polymorphisms of rs574424 for IL-18 and hepatitis B.     

Association of FAS （TNFRSF6）-670 gene polymorphism with villous atrophy in coeliac disease

AIM:To investigate the association of FASgene polymorphism with coeliac disease (CD) development.METHODS: FAS-G670A gene polymorphism, located in a gamma interferon activation site, was studied in 146 unrelated CD patients and 203 healthy ethnically matched controls. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used to identify FAS-G670A gene polymorphism.RESULTS:No significant difference was found in genotype frequency between CD cases and controls. In controls,however, the frequency of the GGgenotype was significantly higher in women (26.5%) than in men (12.8%) (OR=2.44,95% CI1.15-5.20, P=0.020) and it was also higher in men with CD than controls (OR=2.60, 95% (CI0.96-7.05, P=0.061).The GG genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients with most severe villous atrophy (Marsh Ⅲc lesions) (OR=3.74, 95% CI 1.19-11.82, P=0.025). A significantly less proportion of men suffered from Marsh IIIc lesions than women (OR=0.20, 95% (CI0.06-0.68, P=0.01). The risk of having severe villous atrophy increased with the additive effect of the Gallele in women (P=0.027 for trend, age and gender adjusted).CONCLUSION: FAS-G670A gene polymorphism is associated with the severity of villous atrophy in CD. Female gender is also associated with the severity of villous atrophy.     

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis in Chinese population

AIM:To investigate the association between Chinesepatients with autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),primary biliarycirrhosis(PBC)and the polymorphisms of cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated antigen-4(CTLA-4)gene promoter(-318)and exon 1( 49).METHODS:CTLA-4 prornoter(-318 T/C)and exonl( 49A/G)polymorphisms were genotyped via restriction fragmentlength polymorphism methods in 62 Chinese AIH patients,77 Chinese PBC patients and 160 healthy controls.RESULTS:We found a significant association in CTLA-4gene exonl 49 A/G polymorphism between PBC patients andcontrols(P=0.006)and the frequency of G alleleswas significantly increased in comparison with controls(P=0.0046,OR=1.8).We also found the frequency ofC alleles in promoter-318 was significantly increased inAIH patients compared with controls(P=0.02,OR=0.41).Although the genotype distribution of the CTLA-4 exon 1-promoter gene was not significantly different between AIHand PBC patients and controls,the occurence of GG-CCwas increased in two groups of patients(AIH:32.3%,PBC:37.7%,control:22.5%).CONCLUSION:Polymorphisms of CTLA-4 gene probablyconfer susceptibility to AIH and PBC in Chinese population.     

CYPIA1, GSTs and mEH polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal carcinoma： Study of population from a high- incidence area in north China

AIM: To characterize cytochrome P4501A1 (CYPIA1), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) polymorphisms in Chinese esophageal cancer patients. METHODS: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR based restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCRRFLP) were used to detect polymorphism changes of CYP,GSTs and mEH on esophageal cancerous and precancerous lesions as well as in case control group. All the examination samples were obtained from Linzhou (formerly Linxian), Henan Province, the highest incidence area for esophageal. RESULTS: The frequency of CYP1A1 3‘‘ polymorphism in case control group (26/38, 68 %) was significantly higher than in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma~roup (ESCC) (29/62, 47 %) (P&lt;0.05). A significant difference in the incidence of mEH slow allele variant was observed between case control group (15/38, 39 %) and esophageal dysplasiagroup (22/32, 69 %) or ESCC group (39/62, 63 %) (P&lt;0.05). However, no significant difference was observed among different groups in the polymorphisms of CYPIA1 exon 7, GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and mEH fast allele. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that CYPIA1 3‘‘ polymorphism may be one of the promising protectivef actors and its wild gene type may be an indicator for higher susceptibility to esophageal cancer, mEH slow allele variant,associated with the progression of esophageal precancerous lesions, may conthbute to the high susceptibility to esophageal carcinoma.     

Association of FAS (TNFRSF6)-670 gene polymorphism with villous atrophy in coeliac disease

AIM:To investigate the association of FAS gene polymorphismwith coeliac disease (CD) development.METHODS:FAS-G670A gene polymorphism,located in agamma interferon activation site,was studied in 146 unrelatedCD patients and 203 healthy ethnically matched controls.Therestriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method wasused to identify FAS-G670A gene polymorphism.RESULTS:No significant difference was found in genotypefrequency between CD cases and controls.In controls,however,the frequency of the GGgenotype was significantlyhigher in women (26.5%) than in men (12.8%) (OR=2.44,95% CI 1.15-5.20,P=0.020) and it was also higher in menwith CD than controls (OR=2.60,95% CI 0.96-7.05,P=0.061).The GG genotype frequency was significantly higher inpatients with most severe villous atrophy (Marsh Ⅲc lesions)(OR=3.74,95% CI 1.19-11.82,P=0.025).A significantlyless proportion of men suffered from Marsh Ⅲc lesions thanwomen (OR=0,20,95% CI 0.06-0.68,P=0.01).The risk ofhaving severe villous atrophy increased with the additiveeffect of the Gallele in women (P=0.027 for trend,age andgender adjusted).CONCLUSION:FAS-G670A gene polymorphism is associatedwith the severity of villous atrophy in CD.Female gender isalso associated with the severity of villous atrophy.     

Hepatitis C virus clearance and less liver damage in patients with high cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and APOE ε4 allele

BACKGROUND Cholesterol is related to improvements in the rate of sustained virological response and a robust immune response against the hepatitis C virus(HCV).APOE gene polymorphisms regulate cholesterol levels modifying the course of the HCV infection.The relationship between cholesterol,APOE alleles,and the outcome of HCV infection has not been evaluated in the admixed population of Mexico.AIM To investigate the role of APOE-ε2,-ε3,and-ε4 alleles and the metabolic profile in the outcome of HCV infection.METHODS A total of 299 treatment-naive HCV patients were included in this retrospective study.Patients were stratified in chronic hepatitis C(CHC)(n=206) and spontaneous clearance(SC)(n=93).A clinical record was registered.Biochemical tests were assessed by dry chemistry assay.APOE genotypes were determined using a Real-Time polymerase chain reaction assay.RESULTS Total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c),triglycerides,and hypercholesterolemia were higher in SC than CHC patients as well as the frequency of the APOE ε4 allele(12.4% vs 7.3%).SC patients were overweight(54.8%).The ε4 allele was associated with SC(OR=0.55,95% CI:0.31-0.98,P=0.042) and mild fibrosis(F1-F2) in CHC patients(OR 0.091,95 % CI 0.01-0.75,P=0.020).LDL-c≥101.5 mg/dL(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.41,P 0.001) and BMI≥26.6 kg/m~2(OR=0.37,95% CI:0.18-0.76,P 0.001) were associated with SC status;while ALT≥50.5 IU/L was negatively associated(OR=5.67,95%CI:2.69-11.97,P0.001).CONCLUSION In SC patients,the APOE ε4 allele and LDL-c conferred a protective effect in the course of the HCV infection in the context of excess body weight.     

Association between calcium sensing receptor gene polymorphisms and chronic pancreatitis in a US population： Role of serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type and alcohol

AIM： To test the hypothesis that calcium sensing receptor （CASR） polymorphisms are associated with chronic pancreatitis （CP）, and to determine whether serine protease inhibitor Kazal 1type （SPINK1） N34S or alcohol are necessary co-factors in its etiology.
METHODS： Initially, 115 subjects with pancreatitis and 66 controls were evaluated, of whom 57 patients and 21 controls were predetermined to carry the high-risk SPINK1 N34S polymorphism. We sequenced CASR gene exons 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, areas containing the majority of reported polymorphisms and novel mutations. Based on the initial results, we added 223 patients and 239 controls to analyze three common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） in exon 7 （A986S, R990G, and Q1011E）.
RESULTS： The CASR exon 7 R990G polyrnorphism was significantly associated with CP （OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.12-3.59; P = 0.015）. The association between CASR R990G and CP was stronger in subjects who reported moderate or heavy alcohol consumption （OR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.14-9.13; P = 0.018）. There was no association between the various CASR genotypes and SPINK1 N34S in pancreatitis. None of the novel CASR polymorphisms reported from Germany and India was detected.
CONCLUSION： Our United States-based study confirmed an association of CASR and CP and for the first time demonstrated that CASR R990G is a significant risk factor for CP. We also conclude that the risk of CP with CASR R990G is increased in subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.     

LDL受体基因第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ位点多态性与高胆固醇血症的相关性研究

目的 研究低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体基因第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ酶切位点多态性与高胆固醇血症的关系.方法 应用PCR-RFLP技术检测446例高胆固醇血症、284例边缘高胆固醇血症及187名正常血脂人群LDL受体基因第4外显子的Xsp Ⅰ酶切位点多态性.结果 根据LDL受体基因第4外显子是否存在Xsp Ⅰ酶切位点,分为X+X+、X+X-、X-X-三种基因型和X+、X-两种等位基因.(1)高胆固醇血症组的X+X+基因型频率和X+等位基因频率明显高于边缘高胆固醇血症组与正常血脂组(均P<0.05);(2)在第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ位点X-X-、X+X-、X+X+不同基因型组中总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇逐步升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇逐步下降(P<0.05);(3)单因素及多因素logisitic回归分析显示X+X+基因型和X+等位基因与高胆固醇血症显著相关.结论 LDL受体基因第4外显子Xsp Ⅰ位点存在基因多态性,X+X+基因型及X+等位基因是中国人高胆固醇血症产生的原因之一.     

Resistin gene 3'-untranslated region +62G-->A polymorphism is associated with hypertension but not diabetes mellitus type 2 in a German population

OBJECTIVES: Resistin, a peptide hormone produced by adipocytes, has been associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2) in some rodent models. In humans the exact function of resistin remains unknown. Some, but not all studies have found associations between polymorphisms in the resistin gene with DM-2. Recently a 3'-untranslated region +62G-->A polymorphism of the resistin gene has been associated with decreased risk for DM-2 and for hypertension in diabetics in a Chinese population. Purpose of the present study was to examine for the first time in a German Caucasian population the possible association between this polymorphism and DM-2, hypertension, lipoprotein levels, resistin levels as well as atherosclerosis. DESIGN, SETTING AND SUBJECTS: A total of 818 subjects participated in the study. The presence of the +62G-->A polymorphism of the resistin gene was investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 384 subjects with DM-2 [224 men, 160 women, age 63.4 +/- 10.6 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.7 +/- 5.1 kg m(-2)] and in 434 nondiabetic age- and sex-matched control subjects (248 men, 186 women, age 64.4 +/- 6.5 years, BMI 26.5 +/- 3.7 kg m(-2)). RESULTS: Thirty-four subjects were found to be carrying the +62G-->A polymorphism in the control and 24 in the diabetic group (allelic frequencies 4% and 3.2% respectively). Subjects with DM-2 were not found to have a different frequency of the genotypes (93.75% and 6.258%, for GG:GA/AA respectively) than the control subjects (92.2% and 7.8% for GG:GA/AA respectively) (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.44-1.3, P = 0.31). In the total cohort, carriers of the A allele had a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.03-3.21, P = 0.039). When analysed separately, the control group showed a strong association between the presence of the A allele and hypertension (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.38-6.15, P = 0.005), whilst no such association could be established in the diabetic group (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.43-2.54, P = 0.92). Multiple regression analysis confirmed that the presence of the A variant is associated with hypertension in control but not in diabetic subjects, independent of age and BMI. The polymorphism had no significant influence on the presence of atherosclerotic disease, BMI, and on triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, both, in the control and the diabetic groups. There was no difference in the serum resistin levels between the 62G-->A variant carriers and noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present data suggest that in a German Caucasian population the +62G-->A polymorphism of the resistin gene is associated with hypertension but not with DM-2.     

雌激素受体β基因RsaI和AluI多态性与原发性肝癌的关系

目的 探讨雌激素受体β(ER β)基因多态性与原发性肝癌的关系.方法 选择西南地区100例原发性肝癌患者为观察组,100例同期非肝病患者作为对照组.应用分子生物学的限制性片段长度多态性方法分析Rsa I和Alu I,观察ER β基因型的分布.结果 观察组R等位基因频率为35.0%,对照组为51.0%,OR值0.517(95%可信区间为0.346～0.773),P＜0.01.观察组A等位基因频率为20.5%,对照组为11.0%,OR值2.086(95%可信区间为1.191～3.654),P＜0.01;Rsa I和Alu I限制性片段长度多态性在两组中均呈多态性分布.结论 ERβ基因多态性与原发性肝癌有关,R等位基因可能是其保护因素,A等位基因可能是其危险因素.     

树突状细胞免疫受体基因多态性与抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体阴性类风湿关节炎相关性研究

目的 在汉族人群中研究树突状细胞免疫受体(DICR)基因多态性与类风湿关节炎(RA)及其不同亚型的易感相关性.方法 采用病例-对照研究法,选取年龄及性别相匹配的RA患者523例和健康对照510名;采用Taqman探针法检测DCIR基因rs2377422和rs10840759位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP);检测RA患者抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体水平,分析DCIR基因多态性与不同亚型RA相关性;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,定量检测DCIR在RA患者(233例)及健康者(71名)中mRNA表达水平,并进一步分析不同DCIR基因型对DCIR表达水平的影响.统计学处理采用X检验和多因素Logistic回归检验,2组间比较采用曼-惠特尼U检验.结果 ①DCIR SNP rs2377422与汉族RA发病明显相关(等位基因:OR 1.26;95％CI 1.06～1.50,P=0.005;基因型CC与TT+TC:OR 1.34;95％CI1.18～2.06,P=0.004);②DCIR SNP rs2377422主要与抗CCP抗体阴性RA发病相关(等位基因:OR 1.46;95％CI1.10～1.93,P=0.0091;基因型CC与TT+TC:OR 1.58;95％CI1.01～2.47,P=0.043);③和健康对照相比,RA患者外周血中DCIR基因mRNA水平显著增高(0.47-0.10与0.17-0.03,U=6502,P=0.000 38),且携带DCIR rs2377422 CC基因型的RA患者,其DCIR表达水平进一步明显增高(CC与TT+TC:0.429±0.069与0.238±0.023,U=1861,P=0.002).结论 汉族人群中DCIR rs2377422多态性主要与抗CCP抗体阴性RA易感相关;RA患者DCIR基因表达水平明显增高;DCIR rs2377422多态性可明显影响DCIR基因的表达.     

Synergism between oral estrogen therapy and cytochrome P450 3A5*1 allele on the risk of venous thromboembolism among postmenopausal women

CONTEXT: Hormone therapy increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among postmenopausal women. This effect may be modulated by the expression of cytochromes P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and 1A2 (CYP1A2) which are involved in the hepatic metabolism of estrogens. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the impact of CYP3A5 and CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms on the association of VTE with hormone therapy. DESIGN: We conducted a case-control study. SETTING: This study was conducted in eight French hospital centers and in the general population. PATIENTS: CYP3A5 and CYP1A2 genotypes were evaluated among 195 cases with a first documented episode of idiopathic VTE and 533 controls matched for center, age, and admission date. OUTCOME MEASURE: The outcome measure was hormone therapy by route of estrogen administration. RESULTS: Overall, oral but not transdermal estrogen increased VTE risk [odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.6-7.6, and OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.8, respectively]. The allele frequency of CYP3A5*1 was 9 and 10% among cases and controls (OR = 1.0; 95% CI = 0.6-1.5) and that of CYP1A2*1F was 72 and 71% among cases and controls (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8-2.8). Compared with nonusers, OR for VTE in users of oral estrogen was 3.8 (95% CI = 2.1-6.7) among patients without CYP3A5*1 allele and 30.0 (95% CI = 4.4-202.9) among patients with this allele (test for interaction P = 0.04). By contrast, there was no significant interaction between CYP3A5*1 allele and transdermal estrogen on VTE risk. There is no interaction between CYP1A2 genetic polymorphism and hormone therapy on VTE risk. CONCLUSIONS: Women with CYP3A5*1 allele using oral estrogen can define a subgroup at high VTE risk. Additional data are needed to assess the relevance of this genetic biomarker in the medical management of menopause.     

基质金属蛋白酶1基因-519A/G多态性与冠心病发病的关系

目的 研究中国北方汉族人群中基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP1)基因-519A/G单核苷酸多态性与冠心病发病的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应一限制性片段长度多态性技术结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳和基因测序等方法,检测经冠状动脉造影证实的517例冠心病患者和380例健康对照者MMP1-基因-519A/G多态性位点的基因型和等位基因分布,分析两组人群MMP1基因型和等位基因型频率的差异.结果 中国北方汉族人群中存在MMP1基因-519A/G单核苷酸多态性.MMP1基因-519A/G单核苷酸多态的AA基因型在冠心病组和对照组间的分布差异有统计学意义[67.70%(350/517)比40.26%(153/380),OR=1.64,P＜0.001,95%CI:1.44～1.86],A等位基因携带者冠心病发病的相对危险度为1.49(P＜0.001,95%CI:1.33～1.69).亚组分析显示,AA基因型在急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)组和稳定性心绞痛组间的分布差异有统计学意义[68.81%(278/404)比51.76%(44/85),P＜0.01,95%CI:1.04～1.27].A等位基因携带者发生ACS的相对危险度为1.11(P＜0.05,95%CI:1.01～1.21).不稳定性心绞痛组与急性心肌梗死组比较,AA基因型和A等位基因的分布差异无统计学意义.结论 中国北方汉族人群中存在MMP1基因-519A/G单核苷酸多态性.MMP1基因-519A/G单核苷酸多态性与冠心病的发病相关,A等位基因携带者发生ACS的危险性增加.     

Multiple Polymorphisms in the renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system (ACE, CYP11B2, AGTR1) and their contribution to hypertension in African Americans and Latinos in the multiethnic cohort

OBJECTIVE: When compared with other U.S. populations, African Americans have excess hypertension. Genetic variants in elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), namely the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) genes, have been associated with risk of hypertension in some populations. METHODS: We genotyped the D/I polymorphism in the ACE gene, the C(-344)T polymorphism in the CYP11B2 gene, and the C(-535)T polymorphism in the AGTR1 gene among African American and Latino members of the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) to determine their association with hypertension. RESULTS: We observed no significant increase in the risk of hypertension for either African Americans or Latinos homozygous or heterozygous for the D allele of the ACE gene. Among African Americans we observed carriers of the (-344)T allele of CYP11B2 to be at increased risk of hypertension (versus CC genotype: TC genotype, OR = 1.66 [95% CI: 1.01-2.72]; TT genotype, OR = 1.74 [95% CI: 1.07-2.82]). There was also an increase in risk of hypertension associated with the AGTR1 T allele for African Americans (versus CC genotype: TC genotype, OR = 2.62 [95% CI: 1.46-4.72]; TT genotype, OR = 2.67 [95% CI: 1.51-4.74]). The associations observed with CYP11B2 and AGTR1 genotypes were not observed among Latinos. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the (-535)T allele of AGTR1 and (-344)T allele of CYP11B2 may increase hypertension risk among African Americans but not among Latinos. Characterization of the linkage disequilibrium and haplotype patterns in the RAAS pathway genes will be crucial to understanding differences in hypertension susceptibility in these ethnic populations.     

A common mutation of low-density lipoprotein receptor gene is associated with essential hypertension among Japanese

Candidate genes offer one approach to the identification of the genetic susceptibility to hypertension. A common gene variant of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene (LDLR) that affects plasma LDL metabolism within the normolipidaemic range, may be such a candidate gene. A common mutation of LDLR, C1773T, was associated with lipid metabolism such that the T1773 allele increased plasma LDL levels in a Caucasian population. The present study examined whether C1773T/LDLR was associated with essential hypertension in a Japanese population. Subjects with essential hypertension (EHT, n = 300) with a family history of hypertension, and controls (NT, n = 310, sex- and age-matched with EHT) were recruited from among out-patients at Osaka University Hospital. A C1773T substitution at codon 570 in LDLR was determined using PCR-Hinc II-RFLP. It was revealed that the C1773 allele was significantly more frequent (0.89) among hypertensive patients (chi2 = 9.58, P < 0.01) than normotensives (0.83), the calculated odds ratio being 1.7 (95% CI: 1.2-2.4). The effect of the T1773 allele on increasing cholesterol was significant in normotensives without antihyperlipidaemic medication, but not in hypertensives. After adjustments of confounding factors, the estimated odds ratio for hypertension in the subjects with C1773 homozygote increased to 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3-3.5), suggesting that this polymorphism is an independent risk factor for hypertension. Our results show that the C1773 mutant of LDLR increases susceptibility to hypertension, but not via hypercholesterolaemia.     

TGF-β1 +869T/C (rs1982073) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of the world's population. The conclusions about the relationship between TGF gene polymorphism and the risk of RA are still inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between TGF-β1 T869C gene polymorphism and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.Method: We performed a systematic electronic search in PubMed, Embase, Elsevier, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Medline and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (up to August 2020). In the subgroup analysis, we divide the research into three groups: Asian, European and Mediterranean, The combined OR and 95%CI of the five models (allele model, homozygous model, heterozygous model, dominant model, recessive model) were calculated, respectively.Results: 15 case-control studies (14 articles) were involved in this meta-analysis, including 2103 cases and 2143 healthy controls. In the overall analysis, it showed that there may be an significant association between TGF-β1+869T/C polymorphism and RA sensitivity (allele model, T vs. C: OR=1.444, 95% CI=1.171-1.782, P=0.001; homozygous model, TT vs. CC: OR=1.910, 95% CI=1.322-2.761, P=0.001; heterozygous model, CT vs. CC: OR=1.558, 95% CI=1.179-2.059,P=0.002; dominant model, TT+CT vs. CC: OR= 1.742, 95% CI=1.303-2.329, P=0.001; recessive model, TT vs. CT+CC: OR=1.400, 95% CI= 1.058-1.852, P=0.018).However, the results of ethnic subgroup analysis indicated that rs1982073 was not associated with RA risk in Europeans(allele model, T vs. C: OR=0.993, 95% CI=0.849-1.162, P=0.931, I² <0.1%, P>0.1).Conclusion: In summary, our meta-analysis showed that the rs1982073 T allele does not increase RA susceptibility in Europeans.     

谷氨酰-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基C-129T和修饰亚基G-23T多态性与冠心病的关系

目的 探讨谷氨酰-半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基（GCLC）C-129T多态性和修饰亚基（GCLM）G-23T多态性与冠心病遗传易感性的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态方法,检测212例冠心病与218例对照的GCLCC-129T和GCLMG-23T基因型分布及差异。结果 冠心病组中GCLC-129T等位基因频率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,GCLC-129T的冠心病发病风险是-129C的2．38倍（95％CI：1．25～4．54）。与GCLC-129CC基因型相比,GCLC-129CT基因型的冠心病发病风险显著增加至2．14倍（95％CI：1．08～4．24,P〈0．05）,GCLC-129T等位基因携带者（CT、TT基因型）患冠心病的风险显著增加至2．28倍（95％CI：1．16～4．49,P〈0．05）。冠心病组中GCLM-23T等位基因频率显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,GCLM-23T的冠心病发病风险是．23G的0．59倍（95％CI：0．42～0．82）。与GCLM-23GG基因型相比,GT、Tr基因型和-23T等位基因携带者（GT、Tr基因型）的冠心病发病风险分别为0．71倍（95％CI：0．47～1．08,P〉0．05）、0．18倍（95％CI：0．06～0．55,P〈0．01）和0．61倍（95％CI：0．42～0．92,P〈0．05）。结论 GCLCC-129T多态性可能是冠心病的一个遗传易感因素,而GCLMG-23T多态性可能是冠心病的一个遗传保护因素。