胃癌荧光光谱特性初步研究

目的 应用激光荧光光谱解析法研究胃肿瘤组织中的荧光组成变化，从而分析胃肿瘤组织中荧光成分相对于正常组织中含量的变化，深入探讨诊断胃肿瘤的依据。方法 用氮分子激光器及OMA系统组成激光诱导荧光检测系统，检测并对照分析7例离体正常胃组织和肿瘤组织标本的荧光谱。采用1组高斯(gauss)函数作为基函数进行荧光谱线拟和，对离体正常和肿瘤胃组织荧光光谱进行解析。结果 在荧光350～650nm的特定光谱波段，胃肿瘤组织荧光光谱在420nm处与正常胃组织荧光光谱有较大差异，分析在胃癌组织中，该荧光峰所对应的成分含量低于正常组织中该成分的含量。这种差异为利用激光诱导荧光光谱分析方法诊断人体组织中的肿瘤提供了新的可能性。结论 胃肿瘤组织中缺少荧光峰在420nm附近的正常胃组织荧光成分。     

肺肿瘤和正常组织自体荧光与激发光波长的关系

人体肿瘤,如支气管粘膜肿瘤的自体荧光与正常组织的自体荧光存在差异,据此进行肿瘤的检测是可能的。但是,人们还不清楚这种差异性是否足够大,以及什么是最佳的激发波长和发射波长。作者测量了人肺肿瘤试样的自体荧光激发光谱,分别在520nm和690nm2种发射波长处测得激发谱与300nm到600nm激发波长的函数关系。用405nm和一些更长的波长激发,也测量了人肺组织和肿瘤试样在500nm到750nm波长范围的自体荧光发射谱。在略小于约600nm的一段光谱区,肿瘤发射的荧光小于正常组织的荧光。结果表明,单独用二者自体荧光的差异有可能提供一种探测肿瘤的新方法。     

氩离子激光激发自体荧光诊断人体表恶性肿瘤的研究

本文以氩离子激光为激发光源，以光学多道分析仪（ＯＭＡⅢ）为光谱分析手段研究恶性肿瘤的激光荧光谱特征。研究中，不给患者任何药物，直接检测病变组织的内源性卟啉荧光，并以这种荧光谱作为特征谱，诊断良恶性疾病。经对２０３例口腔颌面部、皮肤的良恶性病变和６００例正常组织荧光谱检测分析，结果显示：恶性肿瘤中有特征荧光表达的占８６％（６０／７０），中、重度不典型增生性病变中有特征荧光表达的占９７％（２９／３０），而１４种良性病变（１０３例）和６００例正常精膜、正常皮肤均未见特征荧光。随访中、重度不典型增生性病变患者，发现２例癌变均为特征荧光阳性者。病例检测中，可以清楚地定位２ｍｍ直径的微小癌灶。结果表明本检测方法对提高恶性肿瘤早期诊断率是很有意义的。     

自体荧光诊断皮肤恶性肿瘤

本文采用氮分子激光及EYⅡ-G固有荧光肿瘤诊断仪(光谱法)对25例皮肤病患者(其中皮肤恶性肿瘤18例,非恶性肿瘤皮肤病7例)进行荧光目测及光谱分析,每例皮损均与正常皮肤作自身对照。结果发现皮肤恶性肿瘤特征性荧光颜色为紫色(或紫红色),荧光光谱特征峰出现在400.3～458.1nm波段,其中以420.0nm和448.0nm两处出现的概率为高。特征峰的形态主要有三种;小峰波、驼峰、主峰移位。特征峰的形态与恶性肿瘤细胞的位置深浅以及测试局部皮损的表皮完整性有关。以皮肤恶性肿瘤的特征性荧光颜色或特征峰为诊断标准判别病变的良恶性,与病理活检对照,其符合率为100％。     

兔在体动脉荧光光谱的研究

为了给临床应用荧光导引的激光血管成形术提供实验依据，本实验以ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光为激励光源，用自行研制的多光纤束石英光纤及光学多道分析仪，记录兔在体动脉荧光。结果显示：由于血液（尤其血红蛋白）对组织荧光的吸收，兔在体正常动脉与粥样硬化动脉荧光光谱无显著性差异。所以，记录在体光谱必须排除血液的干扰。     

肠镜下大肠癌组织激光诱发自体荧光光谱特征

目的探讨在体激光诱发自体荧光光谱判别大肠癌的价值.方法将与氮分子激光器耦合的同轴石英组合光纤,由肠镜活检孔插入,分别激发44例可疑大肠癌病变组织和正常组织,产生的荧光由光学多道分析仪Ⅲ分析处理.结果癌组织的平均荧光积分强度显著低于正常组织,分别为565399±41844和2081966±1158639,P＜0.0001;癌组织平均主峰波长较正常组织向红光侧移动约6nm,P＜0.001;癌组织的主次峰荧光强度比值(I460nm/I390nm)比正常组织增大,分别为5.88±3.56和1.36±0.70,P＜0.0001.LIAF检出大肠癌的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为92.65%,88.00%,87.50%和92.96%.结论大肠癌与正常组织LIAF光谱特征存在明显差异,大肠癌组织的LIAF光谱活检引导技术为消化道肿瘤的诊断提供了一种有效的方法.     

激光诱发自体荧光光谱技术诊断鼠肝纤维化

目的 探讨用激光诱发自体荧光光谱(LIAF)技术对肝纤维化进行诊断的意义。方法 用SD大鼠100只，白蛋白、乙醇、四氯化碳和蛋白加贺普丁诱导造成肝纤维化模型。应用激光诱发自体荧光光谱检测正常大鼠血清与肝纤维化大鼠的血清。结果 肝纤维化大鼠血清的荧光平均主峰值出现了红移。结论 应用激光诱发自体荧光光谱技术，对肝纤维化大鼠的血清进行光谱分析，可找到一些有价值的数据，以用于肝纤维化的     

人肺肿瘤自体荧光与组织病理学类型的关系

作者以两个人肺癌组织样品，将连续和脉冲两类激光作激发光源，用光学多道分析仪测量了试样中肿瘤和正常组织从400nm到850nm光谱区的20幅自体荧光谱。通过数据处理我们首次发现：肿瘤对正常组织的自发荧光强度比（AT／AN）与癌的组织病理学类型有关。鳞癌的AT／AN＜1；而腺癌的相反，即AT／AN＞1。如果这一点能被进一步的研究所证实，它对肺癌的自体荧光诊断将十分有意义。     

肺癌组织血卟啉单甲醚激光诱发药物荧光与激光诱发自体荧光的光谱区别

目的探讨新型光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)激光诱发药物荧光与激光诱发自体荧光在肺癌组织中的光谱区别。方法15例肺癌病人(药物组)术前3h静脉注射HMME3mg/kg,20例肺癌病人(对照组)术前不注射HMME,使用三倍频Nd∶YAG激光(波长355nm)和多光道分析仪(OMA)对切除肺癌标本的癌组织进行激光诱发荧光光谱测定,82个检测点行组织病理学检查。结果(1)两组肺癌组织主峰(462.4nm±7.1nm与463.6nm±4.9nm)差异无显著意义;(2)药物组于623.4nm±1.6nm处有一明显的特征峰(即药物峰),对照组于主峰右侧平滑下降;(3)以600nm～623nm波段的斜率表示两组特征,结果药物组斜率为负值,对照组斜率为正值,负值越大,说明药物峰越高。结论新型光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚(HMME)激光诱发药物荧光与激光诱发自体荧光在肺癌组织中的光谱有明显区别。     

激光诱发自体荧光光谱区分肺癌组织和正常肺组织的研究

为确立激光诱发自体荧光 (LIAF)光谱 ,区分肺癌组织和正常肺组织的判断依据 ,探讨应用激光诱发荧光 (LIF)光谱方法诊断肺癌的可行性。收集肺癌手术标本 42例 ,使用三倍频YAG激光 (波长 35 5nm)和多光道分析仪 (OMA)测定肺癌标本的LIF光谱 ,根据正常肺组织和肺癌组织的LIAF光谱特征 ,寻找能够区分两者的光谱差异 ,得出判断依据 ,并与病理结果比较。结果显示 :①正常肺组织主峰 (470 .8± 6 .3)nm较肺癌 (46 3.7± 4.8)nm向长波侧偏移 (P <0 .0 1) ,肺癌组织的荧光强度大于正常肺组织 ;②正常肺组织在 5 80nm与 6 0 0nm的荧光强度比为 0 .842± 0 .15 8,肺癌为 1.2 6 9± 0 .147(P <0 .0 1) ;③肺癌阳性判断标准域值 :主峰波长λ <46 6 .5nm ;荧光强度比值为I580nm/I60 0nm≥ 1.0 73;与病理结果比较 ,符合荧光强度比值判断依据的判断敏感性为 93.2 % ,特异性为 88.1% ,阳性预测值为 89.6 % ,阴性预测值为 98.3%。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.