关注新型冠状病毒肺炎期间的儿童眼健康

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在国内持续蔓延,具有极高传染性。眼部症状以结膜炎为代表,潜伏期患儿前来就诊时,极易造成医务人员感染,导致疫情蔓延。疫情期间,原则上非急重症,应择期治疗。但患儿病情需要前往医院就诊时,需做好防护措施。因恰逢假期儿童就诊高峰,为做好治疗管理与医务人员自身防护,避免疫情扩散,保护医务人员健康。现就COVID-19主要特点及小儿眼科医师如何应对COVID-19进行防护及临床工作进行述评,供临床医师参考。     

Reply to ocular manifestation,eye protection,and COVID-19

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology -     

Keeping an eye on the many symptoms of COVID-19

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology -     

Ocular manifestation,eye protection,and COVID-19

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology -     

Letter to the editor: Keeping an eye on the many symptoms of COVID-19

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology -     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间眼科就诊意向分析

目的：了解我国新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间眼科就诊意向。

方法：于2020-02-10/20采用方便抽样结合链接跟踪抽样方法进行问卷调查。根据研究目的自行设计问卷,使用“问卷星”设计问卷链接,通过微信直接发送或二次转发到个人或微信群,受检者直接在手机端填写问卷,评估若出现眼科常见症状或发生眼外伤时受检者的就诊时间和就诊意向及其对线上问诊的信任度。

结果：本次调查收取有效问卷893份,其中来自男性458份(51.3%),女性435份(48.7%)。疫情期间,若出现眼部不适,低、中、高风险区受检者选择线上问诊率分别为26.5%、33.3%、40.2%,线下就诊率分别为45.1%、30.3%、24.6%。不同性别、年龄、受教育程度、经济区域、疫情风险等级分区受检者就诊方式均有明显差异(P<0.01),其中男性线下就诊率(60.7%)高于女性(39.3%); 经济发达地区受检者线上问诊率(68.2%)明显高于经济不发达地区(31.8%),而经济不发达地区受检者线下就诊率(65.2%)明显高于经济发达地区(34.8%)。此外,不同疫情风险等级分区受检者对线上问诊信任度明显不同。

结论：新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,选择线上问诊者更多,眼科医务工作者应通过多种渠道加强线上问诊,同时加强眼科常见疾病科普宣传,既满足群众就医、解除病痛需求,又控制交叉感染的风险。     

An eye to the future: Acute and long-term neuro-ophthalmological and neurological complications of COVID-19

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the global population and has produced compelling evidence of non-pulmonary organ dysfunction, including the nervous system. It is vital that specialists in ophthalmology and neurology are informed of the potential complications of COVID-19 and gain a deeper understanding of how COVID-19 can cause diseases of the nervous system. In this review we detail four possible mechanisms by which COVID-19 infection may result in neurological or neuro-ophthalmological complications: (1) Toxic and metabolic effects of severe pulmonary COVID-19 disease on the neural axis including hypoxia and the systemic hyper-inflammatory state, (2) endothelial dysfunction, (3) dysimmune responses directed again the neuroaxis, and (4) direct neuro-invasion and injury by the virus itself. We explore the pathological evidence for each of these and how they may link to neuro-ophthalmological disorders. Finally, we explore the evidence for long-term neurological and neuro-ophthalmological complications of COVID-19, with a focus on neurodegeneration.     

COVID-19 safety guidelines for school eye health screening programs

COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted every sphere of life. Health care workers, including eye care professionals, are at a higher risk of contracting infection directly or indirectly. To mitigate the risk of cross-infection among these front-line workers, it is vital to follow appropriate safety protocols. On the other hand, childhood eye conditions lead to permanent vision loss unless these are identified and treated early. School eye health programs are the best option to reach a large childhood population for early detection and treatment of vision-threatening eye conditions. While several clinical safety guidelines have been developed for ophthalmic practice, no such guidelines are available for carrying out school eye health programs. This article aims to set out COVID-19 safety guidelines for conducting school eye health programs in India.     

Digital eye strain and its associated factors in children during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose:This study was undertaken to identify the prevalence of symptoms related to the use of display devices and contributing factors in children engaged in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:An online electronic survey form was prepared using Google Forms (Alphabet Co., Mountain View, CA) and sent to parents of children under the age of 18 years engaged in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The types of display devices children use, how often such devices are used, the symptoms of digital eye strain, and the severity and frequency of the symptoms were recorded, and the associations between the factors were analyzed.Results:A total of 692 participants were included. The mean age of the children was 9.72 ± 3.02 years. The most common display devices used were personal computers (n = 435, 61.7%) for online classes and smartphones (n = 400, 57.8%) for nonacademic purposes. The mean duration of display device use was 71.1 ± 36.02 min without a break and 7.02 ± 4.55 h per day. The most common reported symptom was headache (n = 361, 52.2%). Of the participants, 48.2% (n = 332) reported experiencing 3 or more symptoms. The multivariate analysis detected that being male (P = 0.005) and older age (P = 0.001) were independent risk factors for experiencing 3 or more symptoms.Conclusion:The increasing use of digital devices by children is exacerbating the problem of digital eye strain in children as a side effect of online learning. Public awareness should be improved.     

COVID-19 screening in patients with eye emergencies: practical experience from a tertiary eye hospital

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology -