手部多指或多处复杂性软组织缺损皮瓣Ⅰ期修复

目的探讨手部多指或多处复杂性软组织缺损皮瓣Ⅰ期修复的手术方法。方法对3指掌侧或背侧软组织缺损采用足背三叶皮瓣移植修复24例，3指脱套性缺损采用双侧足背三叶皮瓣移植修复8例，1（2）指脱套加另1（2）指软组织缺损采用足背分叶加足背三叶皮瓣移植修复10例，3指掌侧（背侧）合并手掌（手背）44组织缺损采用足背三叶加踝上形成一蒂四块皮瓣移植修复4例；4指掌侧软组织缺损采用双第2趾孪生趾腹皮瓣移植修复10例、足背三叶皮瓣加小鱼际逆行岛状皮瓣修复2例，足背三叶皮瓣加大鱼际皮瓣修复2例，4手指掌侧合并手掌软组织缺损采用一侧足背嘏趾腹皮瓣加另一侧足背三叶皮瓣移植修复2例，4手指背侧软组织缺损采用足背三叶皮瓣加掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣修复5例，双侧足背分叶皮瓣移植修复4例，4手指背侧合并手背软组织缺损采用足背三叶皮瓣加前臂逆行岛状皮瓣修复4例，足背三叶皮瓣加股前外侧分块皮瓣移植修复6例；5手指软组织缺损采用一侧足背分叶皮瓣加另一侧足背三叶皮瓣移植修复2例。结果本组其它皮瓣均顺利成活；但足背三叶皮瓣63例71块，3块一叶坏死，1块二叶坏死；足背三叶加踝上皮瓣形成一蒂多块皮瓣4例，其中1例踝上皮瓣少许坏死，皮瓣坏死区经扩创术后换药植皮愈合。结论最大限度利用不同种类的足部皮瓣加股前外侧分块皮瓣以及手部、前臂的岛状或游离皮瓣做瓦合或联合移植，可Ⅰ期修复手部多指或多处复杂性软组织缺损。     

Bleeding peptic ulcer after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

A retrospective study of 112 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 232 with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) demonstrated that 16.7% of those with AAA and 1.6% of those with ASO had a history of gastroduodenal ulcer; 83% of these lesions with AAA were gastric ulcers. Ulcer bleeding after vascular reconstruction developed in seven patients with AAA and one with ASO. Serum fibrinogen levels and platelet counts were significantly lower in patients with AAA than in those with ASO or controls. A prospective study showed that 25 (52.1%) of 48 patients with AAA and six (20.0%) of 30 patients with ASO had endoscopically proved gastroduodenal lesions before vascular reconstruction. None of them developed postoperative bleeding after treatment of both their gastroduodenal lesions and coagulopathy. Furthermore, the significant decrease in blood flow and prostaglandin content of gastric mucosa was demonstrated in patients with AAA.     

四肢开放性骨折伴骨缺损治疗方法的研究

目的 探讨一种简单、安全、有效的治疗开放性骨折伴骨缺损方法。方法 对98例开放性骨折伴骨缺损的病人在清创,适当固定后采用：①载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入;②抗生素伴自体骨植入;③早期关闭创口,后期取带血管蒂的骨块伴载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入。结果 对轻中度污染,骨缺损量较少的开放性骨折伴骨缺损者,采用载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入及抗生素伴自体骨植入治疗,二者无明显差异。对污染较重的开放性骨折伴骨缺损者,适用于载药自固化磷酸钙植入治疗。对污较重且伴有节段性缺损大于5cm的开放性骨折伴骨缺损者,适用于早期清创,后期取带血管蒂的骨块伴载药自固化磷酸钙人工骨植入治疗。结论 对开放性骨折伴骨缺损,应根据骨缺损量的多少及污染的程度选用合适的方法,以免多次手术。     

Antibody response to P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli in patients with genitourinary infections

The serum antibody response to P-fimbriae of Escherichia coli in patients with genitourinary infections was investigated with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for P-fimbriae-specific IgG antibody. 1) Female patients with acute pyelonephritis had a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher titer of serum IgG antibody by ELISA, compared with patients with acute cystitis or control subjects. The prevalence of positive serum IgG antibody response was 65% in patients with acute pyelonephritis. 2) Patients with epididymitis with high fever had a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher titer of serum IgG antibody by ELISA, compared with patients with epididymitis without fever or control subjects. The prevalence of positive serum IgG antibody response was 60% in patients with epididymitis with high fever. Therefore, 65% of female patients with acute pyelonephritis and 60% of patients with epididymitis with high fever are infected with P-fimbriated E. coli. The measurement of serum antibody response to P-fimbriae must be helpful for the diagnosis and the antibiotic therapy of epididymitis.     

肾脏有免疫复合物沉积的小血管炎的临床病理特点

目的 回顾性总结分析肾脏有免疫复合物沉积的ANCA相关系统性血管炎(AASV)患者的临床和病理特点。方法 将近5年在北京大学第一医院住院诊断为AASV且肾活检免疫荧光显示系膜区有免疫复合物沉积(免疫球蛋白≥++)的患者与同期少免疫复合物沉积的患者的临床和病理进行比较。结果 肾脏有免疫复合物沉积者8例(IgM沉积5例,IgA沉积2例,IgG沉积1例),肾脏少免疫复合物沉积者32例。2组在性别、年龄、ANCA类型、起病至肾活检的时间、临床表现以及短期肾脏存活率方面差异均无显著性意义,仅前组患者在有前驱感染方面显著多于后组(P<0.05)。结论 肾脏有免疫复合物沉积的AASV的临床与病理特点与普通的AASV基本一致,应引起高度重视,而需要针对AASV的强化免疫抑制治疗。     

Mistakes in the diagnosis of cancer

Twelve cases are presented in which various non-cancerous lesions were confused with cancer: (1) Vesicovaginal fistula (traumatic) confused with cancer of the bladder; (2) encrustation cystitis confused with cancer of the bladder; (3) bladder calculus confused with cancer of the prostate (recurrent); (4) granuloma of the rectum confused with cancer of the rectum; (5) diverticulitis of the sigmoid confused with cancer of the sigmoid; (6) portal cirrhosis confused with cancer of the colon; (7) polyp of the fundus uteri confused with cancer of the endometrium; (8) foreign body (sponge) in abdomen confused with cancer of the bowel; (9) gallstones confused with cancer of the pancreas; (10) dermatitis of the vulva and perineum confused with cancer of the vulva; (11) intestinal obstruction from radiation damage to bowel confused with the terminal stage of cancer of the cervix; and (12) hemorrhage from simple gastric ulcer confused with gastrointestinal cancer.     

HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎合并非酒精性脂肪肝患者的临床与病理学特征

目的探讨HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者合并非酒精性脂肪肝病（NAFLD）的临床与病理学特征。 方法选取2013年6月至2017年12月首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院病理确诊的慢性HBV感染（CHI）患者（108例）、NAFLD患者（120例）及HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎合并NAFLD患者（132例）共360例。入组病例均行肝组织活检术,标本分别行HBsAg和HBcAg检测和HE染色。光学显微镜下观察肝组织脂肪变性和纤维化程度。比较各组患者血清学指标以及病理学特征。 结果较CHI患者,NAFLD患者和HBeAg（+）CHB合并NAFLD患者ALT水平显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。较CHI和NAFLD患者,HBeAg（+）CHB合并NAFLD患者的AST与尿酸水平均显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。较NAFLD患者,HBeAg（+）CHB合并NAFLD患者的甘油三酯（TG）水平显著降低,肝纤维化程度显著升高。CHI患者、NAFLD患者和HBeAg（+）CHB合并NAFLD患者三组患者的肌酐水平逐渐升高,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。各组患者两两比较高尿酸血症所占比例差异均有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。与CHI患者和NAFLD患者相比,HBeAg（+）CHB合并NAFLD患者中男性高尿酸血症患者比例显著升高,差异具有统计学意义（P均< 0.05）。 结论炎症和纤维化发生率在HBeAg（+）CHB合并NAFLD患者中升高,提示NAFLD的存在可能与CHB病情进展有协同作用。     

Comparison of doxazosin with or without tolterodine in men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction and an overactive bladder

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of combined treatment with doxazosin and tolterodine, as although alpha-blockers are commonly used and generally effective in men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), a subset of men with BOO and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms often complain of persistent symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective study of 144 consecutive men with BOO at one tertiary urology centre, all had a baseline pressure-flow urodynamic study and were then subdivided into those with BOO or BOO + OAB, based on absence or presence of involuntary detrusor contractions. The Abrams-Griffiths nomogram was used to determine obstructive BOO. After the initial evaluation, all patients were treated with doxazosin 4 mg/day for 3 months. In patients with no symptomatic improvement, tolterodine 2 mg twice daily was added for an additional 3 months. RESULTS: Of the 144 patients, 76 (53%) were diagnosed as having BOO and 68 (47%) BOO + OAB. The patients with BOO + OAB were older (P < 0.05) and had a higher International Prostate Symptom Score. After 3 months of treatment with doxazosin, 60 (79%) with BOO and 24 (35%) BOO + OAB reported a symptomatic improvement. In those patients with no improvement, six of 16 with BOO and 32 of 44 (73%) with BOO + OAB improved after adding tolterodine. Acute urinary retention developed in only two of 60 men (3.3%) treated with the combined therapy. CONCLUSION: About half of men with symptomatic BOO had an OAB; while about three-quarters of men with symptomatic BOO and no OAB improved with doxazosin, only a third with BOO + OAB were helped with doxazosin alone. Combining tolterodine with doxazosin was effective in three-quarters of men with BOO + OAB. Overall, most men with BOO with or with no OAB were helped with doxazosin alone or with the addition of tolterodine.     

Vitelline duct anomalies. Experience with 217 childhood cases

Of 217 children with vitelline duct anomalies, 85 (40%) had symptomatic lesions (mean age, 2.4 years). Forty-eight patients presented with rectal bleeding; 28, with intestinal obstruction; five, with abdominal pain; and four, with bilious umbilical drainage. An asymptomatic Meckel's diverticulum was discovered incidentally at laparotomy in 132 children. Surgical therapy included bowel resection in nine patients with volvulus, four with intussusception, seven with bleeding, three with vitelline cysts, and one with a perforation. Diverticulectomy was performed in 189 cases, and excision of a patent vitelline duct was accomplished in four neonates with umbilical drainage. Ectopic gastric mucosa was present in all 48 patients with bleeding and in four of five with inflammation but in only two asymptomatic specimens. More than one third of the cases were symptomatic and presented in younger patients. This suggests that elective resection of asymptomatic vitelline remnants in early childhood is reasonable at the time of laparotomy for other conditions.     

Evaluation of treatment of lung cancer combined with the disease which has needed a semi-emergency operation

Six cases of lung cancer combined with the disease which has needed semi-emergency operation, two cases of unstable angina, two of ileus due to colon cancer, one of impending rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm and one of purulent cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, were discussed. Mean age was 62.0 years (range, 36 to 73); four were male and two were female. Case 1 and 2 were admitted with anterior chest pain, Case 3 with lumbago and abdominal pain, Case 4 and 5 with an abnormal shadow on chest x-ray film and Case 6 with abdominal pain. Of the two with unstable angina, one was operated on with right upper lobectomy during the first months after aorto-coronary bypass. Of the two with colon cancer, one was operated on with right upper lobectomy during about 5 weeks after right hemi-colectomy. Case 3 with abdominal aortic aneurysm operated on with left upper lobectomy during 4 weeks after replacement of abdominal aorta. Case 4 with cholecystitis was operated on with left pneumonectomy during about 3 weeks after cholecystectomy. The postoperative course of 4 cases and the post-chemotherapy condition of 2 cases were uneventful.     

腹腔镜保脾胰体尾切除八例的手术经验

目的总结保留脾脏腹腔镜胰体尾切除术的临床经验与手术技巧。方法自2003年11月至2008年2月,我们对8例胰体尾部良性占位病变患者施行保留脾脏腹腔镜胰体尾切除术。结果本组8例均在腹腔镜下完成,其中1例合并胆囊切除,1例合并右肾上腺肿瘤切除,1例合并子宫肌瘤挖出、左卵巢畸胎瘤挖出,1例合并子宫肌瘤挖出。本组手术时间120—290min,出血量150—600ml。术后住院时间3～9d,无胰漏发生。术后病理诊断：潴留性囊肿2例,浆液性囊腺瘤1例,黏液性囊腺瘤2例,上皮性囊肿2例,先天性囊肿1例。随访9～60个月,症状消失,未见复发。结论对于胰体尾部良性病变,可行保留脾脏的胰体尾部切除,对拥有丰富高级腹腔镜手术经验的术者,开展保留脾脏的腹腔镜胰体尾切除术是安全可行的。     

Tomita评分在脊柱转移瘤治疗决策中的意义

目的：评价Tomita评分在脊柱转移瘤治疗决策中的意义.方法：1981年7月～2004年12月我院收治脊柱转移瘤患者447例,男291例,女156例,年龄25～75岁,平均56.1岁.原发灶明确者340例,原发灶不明者107例.同时合并肺、肝、脑等重要脏器转移者215例.手术治疗183例,保守治疗264例.采用Tomita评分系统进行综合评分,根据不同分值分为4组,2～3分者为A组,4～5分者为B组,6～7分者为C组,8～10分者为D组,对4组及不同原发肿瘤患者的数据进行生存分析.结果：随访3～92个月,平均23.5个月,患者平均生存时间10.2个月,中位生存时间7.9个月,1年生存率为38%.肿瘤原发于肺、肝、胃肠道者145例,中位生存时间4.4个月：原发于甲状腺、乳腺、前列腺者146例,中位生存时间12个月;原发于肾脏者27例,中位生存时间6个月：原发于其他部位者22例,中位生存时间5.1个月;原发灶不明者107例,中位生存时间6.8个月.A组65例,中位生存时间34个月;B组49例,中位生存时间13个月;C组128例,中位生存时间8个月;D组205例,中位生存时间4个月.4组问生存时问有显著性差异（P＜0.0001）.结论：Tomita评分与脊柱转移瘤患者的预后密切相关,可作为脊柱转移瘤治疗决策的重要参考指标.对于单发的、原发瘤恶性程度相对较低的脊柱转移瘤,Tomita评分2～3分者,采取积极的手术治疗可望取得较好的疗效.     

Absorption of bile acids after ileoanal anastomosis

Absorption of bile acids was investigated using 75Se-homotaurocholate (SeHCAT) in 27 patients with ileoanal anastomosis and J-pouch, 7 patients with conventional ileostomy and 9 non-operated patients with ulcerative colitis. Retention of SeHCAT at seven days was higher in non-operated patients than in patients with ileoanal anastomosis (P less than 0.001) or conventional ileostomy (P less 0.01). There was no difference in retention of SeHCAT between patients with ileoanal anastomosis or conventional ileostomy. Malabsorption of bile acids was not associated with changes in blood chemistry or faecal fat excretion. Patients with ileoanal anastomosis and low retention of SeHCAT had more severe villous atrophy of the pouch mucosa than those with high retention (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, both patients with ileoanal anastomosis and conventional ileostomy have impaired absorption of bile acids when compared with non-operated patients with ulcerative colitis. In patients with ileoanal anastomosis, impairment of bile acid absorption is related to villous atrophy of the pouch mucosa.     

一期切除吻合术治疗左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻临床疗效观察（附46例报告）

目的 探讨左半结肠癌并急性肠梗阻行一期切除吻合术的安全性及其临床应用.方法 对46例左半结肠癌并梗阻患者行一期肠切除肠吻合术,术中进行有效的结肠减压及清洁灌洗,术后观察疗效.结果 有31例患者左半结肠恶性梗阻患者经保守治疗肠梗阻缓解改限期手术行一期肠切除吻合术,其余15例患者一般情况较好,经全结肠灌洗后一期肠切除吻合术,所有手术均顺利完成,术后并发切口感染8例（17.4％）,吻合口漏4例（8.7％）,经保守治疗痊愈.结论 左半结肠癌并发急性肠梗阻患者行一期肿瘤切除吻合术是安全有效的.     

立体定向多靶点手术治疗情感性精神障碍

目的探讨螺旋CT引导下同期双侧多靶点手术治疗情感性精神障碍的疗效和安全性。方法采用螺旋CT定位,对182例情感性精神障碍患者,采用同期双侧多靶点射频热凝手术治疗。按全国精神外科协作组于1990年制定的评定方法进行疗效评定。结果182例患者术后2周随访：显著改善86例,改善81例,无效15例,加重0例,有效率91．76％;166例术后随访6～54个月：恢复38例,显著改善59例,改善52例,无效17例,加重0例,有效率89．76％;术后除早期一过性并发症外,远期并发症发生率小于1％。结论螺旋CT引导同期双侧多靶点手术治疗情感性精神障碍疗效显著,安全性高。     

补片修补腹壁切口疝的临床应用

目的探讨腹壁切口疝的治疗。方法回顾性分析150例腹壁切口疝患者的临床资料。（1）肌腱膜上补片置入手术（ONLAY）126例；（2）筋膜前（腹膜前）、肌下补片置入手术（SUBLAY）4例；（3）缺损处直接补片置入途径（INLAY）13例；（4）腹膜腔内补片置入术（Introperitonealsite）7例。结果平均年龄58．5岁，女性占52．5％。上腹部切口36％，下腹部切口占64％。全部采用合成材料修补。聚丙烯材料130例，聚四氟乙烯-聚丙烯双面材料16例，强生Proceed补片4例，开腹手术143例，腹腔镜手术7例。复发3例，手术复发率为2％。结论ONLAY手术安全可靠，复发率低，是可以接受的切口疝修补方法，避免伤口感染，防治腹内压升高，促进伤口愈合，保证缝合质量是预防切口疝关键。     

Quantitative vitreous fluorophotometry in insulin-treated cystic fibrosis patients

A series of 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) of similar clinical severity (9 with normal carbohydrate tolerance and 13 with insulin-treated fasting hyperglycemia) was examined with quantitative vitreous fluorophotometry. All of the CF patients studied had normal fundi on ophthalmoscopy, fundus photographs, and fluorescein angiography. Mean vitreous fluorescein concentration in the CF patients whose hyperglycemia was treated with insulin (11.79 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in CF patients with normal carbohydrate tolerance (6.98 ng/ml, P less than 0.005). Thus, CF patients with fasting hyperglycemia demonstrate a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. When CF patients with fasting hyperglycemia were compared with age- and sex-matched type I diabetics, there was no significant difference in mean vitreous fluorescein accumulation. Thus, breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, one of the earliest detectable functional abnormalities that may be associated with the microangiopathy of diabetes mellitus, also occurs with equal frequency and severity in the diabetes secondary to pancreatic fibrosis associated with CF.     

The Influence of a New Timing Strategy of Band Adjustment on the Vomiting Frequency and the Food Consumption of Obese Women Operated with Laparoscopic Adjustable Silicone Gastric Banding (LAP-BAND)

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a new timing strategy of band adjustment on the short-term outcome of obese women operated with adjustable silicone gastric banding. Subjects: The outcome of 30 women without binge-eating disorder operated with laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding with a wider intraoperatory band calibration (LAP-BAND) was compared to that of 30 body mass index-matched women without binge-eating disorder previously operated with adjustable silicone gastric banding (ASGB) applied by laparotomy with the usual intraoperatory band calibration. The patients were evaluated 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Measurements: (1) weight loss; (2) total daily energy intake; (3) percent as liquid, soft or solid food; (4) vomiting frequency; (5) rate of postoperative percutaneous band adjustments; (6) rate of band-related complications. Results: Both the weight loss and the daily energy intake did not differ between patients with LAP-BAND and patients with ASGB. After surgery, the patients with LAP-BAND ate more solid food and less liquid food than the patients with ASGB. Vomiting frequency was higher in patients with ASGB than in patients with LAP-BAND. The total number of percutaneous band adjustments was higher in women with LAP-BAND than in women with ASGB. Band inflation because of weight stabilization was performed in six (20.0%) women with ASGB and in 19 (63.3%) women with LAP-BAND. Neostoma stenosis occurred in one women with ASGB, but in none of the women with LAP-BAND. One patient with LAP-BAND presented band slippage. Conclusions: The wider intraoperatory band calibration performed in patients with LAP-BAND did not reduce the short-term efficacy of adjustable silicone gastric banding. This new timing strategy of band adjustment required more postoperative percutaneous band inflations, but it improved the eating pattern of the patients (low vomiting frequency and high intake of solid food).     

高频超声在睾丸内良性囊性病变中的应用

目的探讨高频超声对睾丸内良性囊性病变的应用价值。方法对1142例患者行睾丸超声检查,对检出的55例睾丸内良性囊性病变的超声图像及临床资料进行分析。结果55例患者中,白膜囊肿5例,睾丸囊肿25例,睾丸网扩张7例,睾丸血肿6例,睾丸脓肿2例,表皮样囊肿5例,良性畸胎瘤5例。术前1例睾丸良性畸胎瘤误诊为恶性。超声诊断本类病变的敏感度为100%,诊断符合率为98.18%。白膜囊肿及睾丸囊肿具有单纯囊肿的一般特征,睾丸网扩张显示为睾丸纵隔部位的条状蜂窝样扩张,睾丸血肿及睾丸脓肿回声混杂,典型的表皮样囊肿具有＂洋葱环＂征,良性畸胎瘤回声混杂。结论高频超声可以对睾丸内良性囊性病变进行正确识别,可视为首选检查方法。     

Gastrointestinal lymphoma and sarcoma. A case for aggressive search and destroy.

The incidence of sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract has remained the same, but gastrointestinal lymphomas are gradually contributing a larger percentage of malignant gastrointestinal neoplasms. The authors have examined their more recent experience with these relatively rare lesions. Twenty-eight patients (13 with lymphoma, 15 with sarcoma) have been treated at the Vanderbilt University and the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital since 1976. There were eight men in the group with lymphoma and six in the group with sarcoma. The average age for patients with lymphoma was 66 years; the average age was 57 years in the patients with sarcoma. Seven patients with lymphoma and eight patients with sarcoma had been treated for 6 months to 3 years for presumed peptic ulcer disease. Eight of these 15 patients were found to have perforated tumors at the time of surgical exploration. Three patients (all in the group with sarcoma) had metastatic liver disease or peritoneal implants at the time of diagnosis. Treatment for most patients included resection of the tumor, followed by chemotherapy or radiation in cases of tumor perforation or metastatic disease. The survival rate for patients with lymphoma has averaged 5.5 years, with a 55% 5-year survival rate. Patients with cleaved cell tumors survived longer than those with other types of lymphoma. In the group with sarcoma, the survival rate has been 3.1 years on the average, with a 21% 5-year survival rate.