无偿献血血液检测结果分析

自<中华人民共和国献血法>颁布实施十年时间以来,济南市无偿献血工作逐年快速发展,自2000年起已经实现全市临床用血100%来自无偿献血.根据<血站管理办法>、<血站质量管理规范>、<血站实验室质量管理规范>和<献血者健康检查要求>对无偿献血者的血液进行严格的检测,是保证血液质量、有效杜绝经血传播疾病发生的根本和首要措施.为详细了解我市无偿献血者传染性指标构成情况,并进一步探讨减少血液浪费的对策,我们对近5年来的无偿献血者血液检测结果进行了统计分析,现报告如下.     

Guidelines for administering blood and blood components

The Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) scheme has revealed that many patients have received incorrect blood or blood component. This article reports new national guidelines for ordering, administering and managing blood, blood components and blood transfusion.     

梧州市血液检测阳性无偿献血者的分布情况

目的：了解梧州市血液检测阳性的无偿献血者的分布情况。方法对梧州市2010～2012年108879例无偿献血者的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）、丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗‐HCV）、人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗‐HIV）、梅毒抗体（抗‐TP）检测结果进行回顾性统计分析。结果108879例无偿献血者中,5项检测指标的总阳性率为6．01％（6548/108879）,其中ALT阳性率为4．86％、HBsAg阳性率为0．57％、抗‐HCV阳性率为0．20％、抗‐HIV阳性率为0．07％、抗‐TP阳性率为0．59％。男性和女性之间ALT、HBsAg和抗‐HCV阳性率差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。ALT、抗‐TP阳性率最高的年龄组均为18～30岁,抗‐HCV阳性率最高的是大于30～40岁组。结论加大无偿献血宣传力度,做好献血前咨询,选择低危献血人群,对保证血液质量,减少输血传播疾病有重要意义。     

Safe transfusion of blood and blood components

Nurses are integral to the blood transfusion process. This article, which forms part of Nursing Standards clinical skills series, outlines the role of the nurse in evidence-based transfusion practice. Patient assessment, preparation, pre-transfusion checks, documentation and adverse reactions are discussed.     

血脂、血糖与血液流变相关性的探讨

目的 探讨血脂、血糖与血液流变的相关性.方法 对本院2 693例门诊及住院患者进行血脂、血糖、血液流变检测,根据全血黏度结果分为高黏组、正常组、低黏组.结果 血浆黏度、红细胞比容、血沉、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白各组变化差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);三酰甘油、血糖在高黏组与正常组,高黏组与低黏组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).高密度脂蛋白各组差异无统计学意义.结论 血脂、血糖对血液流变指标有直接的影响.     

Current viral risks of blood and blood products

A number of viruses may be transmitted by blood transfusion, the most important of these are HIV, human T-cell lymphotrophic retrovirus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). A series of overlapping safety measures are in place and are being improved and supplemented continuously. As a result, the risk of transmission of these viruses in the USA has been reduced to between one and four per million blood components transfused.     

血型卡在血型鉴定中的局限性

ABO血型系统的抗原除经典的A、B、O外，还有许多抗原性较弱的亚型和变异型，如A2、A3、Ax、Aend、AM等,相对应的B亚型有B3、Bx、Bm,B（A）、Bel等。西方人的B亚型少于A亚型，而我国则为B亚型频率高于A亚型，AM、AX更是极少见。ABO血型鉴定的方法主要有血型卡法、试管法、玻片法、微量板法等，血型卡以其简便、易判读、便于大量标本分析而被广泛应用。但血型卡在ABO亚型的鉴别时却有一定的局限性，有的结果可造成漏检。而正确鉴定红细胞血型是确保输血安全的先决条件，在临床输血及采供血机构工作中．对ABO血型系统中的亚型鉴定主要还是依据血清学方法。     

Understanding the blood group system and blood transfusions

Having a blood transfusion carries risks for patients. To minimise these risks, nurses must be aware of the ABO group system, components of blood and how they should be stored, handled, checked and administered. They must also be aware of possible adverse events during or after transfusion, how to monitor patients and how to deal with adverse events should they occur. All staff involved at any stage must be trained and aware of hospital policy and all actions must be accurately recorded to ensure the process is as safe as possible.     

Massive blood transfusion: the blood bank perspective

The pathophysiology and support of the massively transfused patient from the vantage of a blood banker is reviewed. Hypothermia, acidosis and shock must be reversed if blood component therapy is to be effective. Algorithms which employ ratios of various blood components have not proved themselves, nor are screening coagulation tests of value until they are remarkably abnormal. Thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy, and hypofibrinogenemia appear to be the parameters which predispose to continued bleeding and microvascular hemorrhage in these patients. A large part of the impaired hemostasis is due to a consumption coagulopathy rather than the anecdotal assumption that dilution of the hemostatic elements is to blame. Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia are rarely observed nor do they pose a problem for this group of individuals. The logistics of blood supply to the clinical areas are addressed by describing one system that has proved itself.     

全自动血型分析仪在血站血型筛查工作中的应用

目的探讨并评价全自动血型分析仪应用于血站献血者血型筛查的可行性。方法采用全自动血型分析仪(全自动法)对20 335例献血者标本进行ABO及Rh(D)血型鉴定、盐水不规则抗体初筛,并与U型微板法(半自动法)进行比对试验。结果全自动法与半自动法比较,ABO血型1次准确定型率:99.93%98.84%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Rh-D血型鉴定正确率均为100.0%;O细胞凝集阳性率:0.13%0.06%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);可保持反定型检测准确度达100.0%的血浆稀释倍数为1∶64,高于1∶4;脂血标本和溶血标本导致的误判率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全自动血型分析仪具有较高的准确度、灵敏度及抗干扰能力,更易发现盐水不规则抗体,适合于血站开展献血者血型筛查工作。     

Welsh blood

I have Welsh blood in me. This may come as a surprise to anyonewho knew my mother and father, who came from Vienna and Prague,respectively, but I will explain the mystery soon. My first visit to Wales took place in the 1950s, when I wasa child of about ten. My father consulted the AA concerningthe route to Snowdonia, as there were no motorways yet. We hadto book phone calls in advance to the farmhouse where     

Donating blood

The need for blood doesn't stop during the holidays, but unfortunately, many donations do. That's one reason why January has traditionally been National Volunteer Blood Donor Month—to remind people of the dwindling supply at their local blood banks and encourage them to take an hour of their time to help others. Anyone who is at least 17 years old and meets the weight minimum (about 110 pounds at most blood banks) can give, if health requirements are met. For example, you should not donate if you recently had a cold or flu, are taking antibiotics, or have ever had hepatitis or participated in high-risk sexual or injected-drug activities.