应用巴氏涂片检查与液基细胞学筛查宫颈癌的对比研究

目的探讨巴氏涂片检查与液基细胞学在普通人群宫颈癌筛查中的价值。方法对2008年7月～2009年12月期间在我院体检的已婚女性进行巴氏涂片检查4638例和液基细胞学检查4250例,细胞学诊断采用TBS(2001)分级报告系统,对细胞学检查结果异常者,进行阴道镜检查,并在阴道镜指导下行宫颈活检,送病理学诊断。结果 4638例巴氏涂片检查中异常者309例,阳性率为6.66%,其中意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)155例,鳞状上皮内低度病变(LSIL)124例,鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL)29例,鳞癌(SCC)1例。经组织活检病理学诊断阳性符合率为87.06%;4250例液基细胞学检查中异常者617例,阳性率为14.52%,其中ASCUS392例,LSIL162例,HSIL58例,SCC3例。经组织活检病理学诊断阳性符合率为92.22%。结论相对巴氏涂片,宫颈液基细胞学可明显提高宫颈疾病的检出率,值得在体检中向已婚妇女人群推广。     

液基细胞学筛查早期宫颈癌的临床应用

目的:评价液基细胞学(thinprep cytology test,TCT)薄片制片对早期宫颈癌筛查的准确性。方法:采用TCT制片及传统宫颈细胞涂片法分别对1246例、635例受检者进行宫颈癌筛查。细胞诊断采用TBS分级系统,所有意义不明不典型鳞状上皮(ASCUS)以上病变受检者全部在阴道镜下活检。结果:TCT薄片法和传统巴氏涂片法对低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)以上病变的检出率分别为4.1%、1.56%,两者结果差异有显著性意义(P0.01)。Thin Prep液基细胞学检出LSIL、高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、鳞状细胞癌(SCC)与阴道镜活检阳性符合率分别为81.82%、90.91%、100%。传统宫颈巴氏涂片法检出LSIL、HSIL、SCC与阴道镜活检阳性符合率分别为55.17%、55.56%、100%。两种方法比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:Thin Prep液基细胞学检查敏感性明显高于传统宫颈细胞涂片法,能大大提高检出率,尤其是对LSIL和HSIL的患者。     

液基细胞学联合阴道镜检查在诊断宫颈病变中的应用价值

目的 探讨液基细胞学（TCT）联合阴道镜对宫颈病变的诊断价值.方法 对1003例来笔者所在医院就诊的妇科患者行液基细胞学检查,对阳性涂片120例及可疑病例11例行阴道镜下活组织检查.结果 1003例涂片中阳性120例（11.96%）.其中ASCUS 84例（8.37%）;LSIL 25例（2.49%）;HSIL 9例（0.89%）;SCC 2例（0.2%）.细胞学检查与阴道镜下活检病理结果的符合率分别为LSIL 67.56%（25/37）、HSIL 81.81%（9/11）、SCC 100% （2/2）.结论 液基细胞学联合阴道镜下活检能提高宫颈病变的诊断率,是筛查和诊断宫颈病变的可靠手段.     

宫颈癌筛查中液基细胞学研究

目的:评价液基细胞学(LPT)薄片制片对宫颈癌筛查的准确性。方法:对3600例和2200例受检者分别进行LPT制片和传统宫颈细胞涂片法进行宫颈癌筛查。细胞诊断采用TBS分级系统,阳性诊断包括意义不明的不典型鳞状上皮(ASCUS)以上病变。所有ASCUS以上病变的受检者全部在阴道镜下活检。结果:LPT薄片法和传统涂片法对ASCUS以上病变检出阳性率分别为10.5%和5.2%,两种检测方法的阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两种制片方法的阳性结果与病理检查符合率比较:LPT薄片法检出SCC、HSIL、LSIL与阴道镜活检阳性符合率分别为100%、91%、82%,传统宫颈巴氏涂片法检出SCC、HSIL、LSIL与阴道镜活检阳性符合率分别为100%、60%、53%,两种方法比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:LPT液基细胞学检查敏感性明显高于传统宫颈细胞涂片法,能大大提高检出率,尤其是对宫颈癌前筛查的患者。     

液基细胞学联合HPV-DNA检测在宫颈癌筛查中的研究

目的:评价液基细胞学联合人乳头状瘤病毒-DNA检测对宫颈癌筛查的作用。方法:采用液基细胞学联合HPV筛查方法和宫颈活检方法对宫颈鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL,CINⅡ-Ⅲ)和鳞状细胞癌(SCC)进行筛查,比较两种方法的筛查准确性。结果:液基细胞学共筛查2 596例,与宫颈活检诊断符合率:SCC 100.0%(10/10);HSIL 79.5%(35/44);LSIL 54.2%(32/59);ASCUS 63.1%(53/84)。HPV16,18感染表现随宫颈病变加重而逐渐升高。结论:液基细胞学联合HPV-DNA检测对宫颈癌的筛查准确性高,是一种较为理想的宫颈癌筛查方法。     

液基细胞学应用于宫颈癌筛查的临床研究

目的:评价液基细胞学(TCT)薄片制片对宫颈癌筛查的准确性。方法:2005年7月～2007年3月桐庐县妇幼保健院对1237例、1042例受检者分别采用TCT制片及传统宫颈细胞巴氏涂片法进行宫颈癌筛查。细胞学诊断均采用TBS分级系统,所有意义不明的不典型鳞状上皮(ASCUS)以上病变的受检者全部在阴道镜下活检、送病理检查(病检)。结果:TCT薄片法和传统巴氏涂片法对ASCUS以上病变的检出率分别为15.20%、4.89%,两者结果差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。TCT检出低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)、高度鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)、鳞状细胞癌(SCC)与阴道镜活体组织检查(活检)阳性符合率分别为81.48%、92.59%、100.00%。传统宫颈巴氏涂片法检出LSIL、HSIL、SCC与阴道镜活检阳性符合率分别为53.33%、71.43%、100.00%。两种方法比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:TCT检查敏感性明显高于传统宫颈细胞涂片法,能大大提高检出率,尤其是对LSIL和HSIL的患者。     

宫颈液基细胞检查在宫颈病变筛查中的应用

目的 探讨宫颈液基细胞检查（TCT）在宫颈病变筛查中的临床价值。方法对2008年在笔者所在医院就诊的1358例患者行宫颈液基细胞检查,采用细胞学分类诊断（TBS）,对TCT异常的患者进行宫颈活检。结果140例涂片异常统计显示：小于30岁年龄段阳性率21．43％,30—39岁阳性率27．14％,40～49岁阳性率29．29％,说明宫颈癌的好发年龄提前,性生活活跃期的妇女仍为宫颈癌的好发人群。TCT检测技术与病理检查的符合率：低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）为80％,高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）为87％,鳞状细胞癌（SCC）为100％,故病变程度越高,TBS细胞学检查与组织病理学诊断的符合率越高。结论TCT检查是筛查宫颈病变的可靠手段。     

液基薄层细胞学检测在宫颈病变筛查中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨液基细胞学检测(LCT)制片技术在宫颈病变筛查中的临床应用价值。方法:对2356例已婚育龄妇女进行液基薄层细胞学检查,宫颈鳞状上皮细胞异常者进行宫颈活组织病理检查,对比(LCT)检测在宫颈病变筛查中的准确性。结果:液基细胞学检测阴性1549例占检测总数的65.75%;炎症反应性细胞改变738例占检测总数的31.32%;检出宫颈鳞状上皮细胞异常69例,阳性率2.93%,其中未明确诊断意义的不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)51例,低度上皮鳞状上皮内瘤变(LSIL)16例,高度上皮鳞状上皮内瘤变(HSIL)1例,鳞状细胞癌(SCC)1例。LCT检出的69例宫颈鳞状上皮细胞异常者进行病理活组织检查鳞状细胞癌(SCC)1例(符合率100%),LSIL和HSIL17例病理结果为CIN Ⅰ～Ⅱ级的14例(符合率82.35%)。结论:液基细胞学检测用于宫颈病变筛查,可提供早期发现宫颈病变信息,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

TCT与巴氏细胞学在宫颈癌筛查中的对比研究

目的:评价ThinPrep宫颈液基细胞学(TCT)检查在宫颈癌筛查中的敏感性和价值。方法:回顾2500例体检病人液基细胞学诊断及2500例门诊病人普通涂片诊断,细胞学诊断采用TBS标准,以组织学活检作对照。结果;液基细胞学和普通细胞学分别检出鳞状细胞癌(SCC)100.00%、83.33%,鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL)97.22%、84.06%,鳞状上皮内低度病变(LSIL)77.91%、68.75%,两者诊断SCC的准确率分别为80.00%、66.67%,诊断HSIL的准确率分别为73.61%、62.32%。结论:ThinPrep液基细胞学检查敏感性高于巴氏细胞学,特别是诊断HSIL以上。     

农村妇女宫颈癌普查中普通涂片和液基细胞学的比较及探讨

目的：通过对惠及农村妇女的“两癌”普查中宫颈细胞学检查结果的分析,探讨宫颈阴道细胞学疾病的临床特点方法：对辖区内所有35岁至59岁的农村妇女进行宫颈癌筛查,依次宫颈涂片,阴道镜检查,组织活检等。结果：宫颈普通涂片细胞检测法阳性率低,液基细胞学检测阳性率高,17063例液基细胞学检测中阳性病例89例,阳性率8．3％,其中SCC？I例,高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）4例,低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）12例,不典型鳞状细胞（ASCUS）18例,各类微生物感染中滴虫20例,念珠菌13例,细菌性阴道炎7例,放线菌5例,人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染9例。结论：液基细胞学检测是宫颈病变的有效的筛查方法,阴道镜下宫颈活检是诊断宫颈病变的可靠方法,进行一系列综合检查,可提高宫颈病变的诊断率     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.