辽宁省城乡居民30年间出生期望寿命差异分析

目的 分析30年间辽宁省城乡居民出生期望寿命的变化及主要疾病死亡率对期望寿命年代差异的影响.方法 应用简略寿命表法、期望寿命差异的年龄分解和死因分解法分析辽宁省城乡居民1973-1975年和2004-2005年的死亡数据,以死亡率变化对出生期望寿命年代差异的贡献值及百分比为分析指标.结果 30年间辽宁省城市、农村居民期望寿命分别增加了4.68岁和4.91岁,女性增幅显著大于男性.0～4岁和55～74岁组人群死亡率下降对城乡居民期望寿命增加的贡献比例最大,男性为76.27%和82.81%,女性为58.76%和62.13%.呼吸系统疾病和传染病是对期望寿命年代差异贡献最大的两类疾病;呼吸系统疾病死亡率下降对不同人群期望寿命增加的贡献比例为62.20%(城市女性)～85.39%(农村男性),传染病的贡献比为16.70%(城市女性)～36.26%(农村男性).城乡居民心脏病死亡率、农村居民脑血管病和恶性肿瘤死亡率的增加对期望寿命年代差异的贡献率为负值.结论 呼吸系统疾病和传染病是影响30年间辽宁省城乡居民期望寿命差异的主要疾病,提高慢性非传染性疾病的防治水平是进一步提高居民期望寿命的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the impact of mortality by age and causes of death on life expectancy at birth among residents of Liaoning province.Methods The study included mortality data of urban and rural residents in two periods (1973-1975 and 2004-2005).Both Abridged Life Table and Arriaga method were used to calculate and to decompose life expectancy changes by age and causes of death.Results From 1975-2005,the life expectancy increased by 4.68 years in urban residents and 4.91 for rural residents with a higher increment among females than males.Most part of the increase (76.27% and 82.81% for urban and rural male,58.76% and 62.13% for urban and rural female) in life expectancy within the last 30 years could be explained by the decrease of mortality in the populations at age 0-4 and 55-74.Diseases related to respiratory system and infectious disease were contributing the most to the gap in life expectancy between the two periods.Mortality of heart disease was a negative contributor to the changes in life expectancy among both rural and urban residents while the mortalities of cerebro-vascular diseases and malignant tumors were the negative contributors for rural residents.Conclusion The increase of life expectancy in the last 30 years was mainly resulted from the decrease of mortality on both respiratory and infectious diseases.Control of chronic diseases is the key point to increase the life expectancy among the residents of Liaoning province.     

Influence of death from circulatory diseases on life expectancy at birth in Japan

This study aims to evaluate the contribution of the change in circulatory diseases mortality to the life expectancy at birth observed during the years 1955-1995 in Japan. We used data on the population and the number of deaths by cause, age, and sex in 1955, 1965, 1975, 1985, and 1995. The contribution of different ages and causes of death to the change in life expectancy were examined with the method developed by Pollard. We found that the reduction in circulatory diseases mortality contributed to the improvements in life expectancy for both sexes during the decade 1975-1985. Much of this was due to the decrease in cerebrovascular disease. In the years 1985-1995, however, the contribution of cerebrovascular disease decreased in both sexes, while that of heart disease grew to become the largest of any single condition. By age, the contribution of all circulatory diseases increased among the elderly in recent years. The contribution of the change in circulatory diseases mortality to the life expectancy at birth has increased in recent years but seems to have reached a plateau. The weight against improvements in life expectancy in middle-aged people has shown little change, so that reducing the mortality rate in middle-aged people is now a major issue.     

Analysis of sex,age and disease factors contributing to prolonged life expectancy at birth,in cases of malignant neoplasms in Japan

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the contribution made by the change in mortality from malignant neoplasms to the life expectancy at birth, observed during the years 1965-1995 in Japan. METHODS: We used data on the population and number of deaths by cause, age and sex in 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. The contribution of different ages and causes of death to the change in life expectancy were examined with the method developed by Pollard. RESULTS: We found that, among all causes, the decrease of mortality from stomach cancer led to the greatest improvement in life expectancy for both sexes. On the other hand, negative contributions were seen with cancers of many sites, such as cancer of the intestine, liver and lung for males, and cancer of the intestine, gallbladder, lung and breast for females. Recently, the contributing years of all cancers have been negative because of the increase in mortality from malignant neoplasms. In addition, increase of death from malignant neoplasms in middle-aged and elderly people negatively influenced the life expectancy at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Female cancer influenced the improvement in life expectancy at birth. Cancer for males, however, contributed little to improvement of life expectancy at birth except for a little prolongation of life expectancy at birth during the years 1965-1975. To develop a public health policy, the contributing years to life expectancy at birth can be a useful indication in evaluating the impact of death from various diseases. It is necessary to analyze the contribution made by various causes of death to the changes of life expectancy at birth.     

2016年河南省居民主要死亡原因及对期望寿命的影响分析

目的 分析河南省居民的死亡原因以及主要死亡原因对期望寿命的影响,为提高居民健康水平和制定相应的防控策略提供依据。方法 收集整理2016年河南省36个疾病监测县（区）的死亡数据资料,计算死亡率、构成比、死因顺位、期望寿命和去死因期望寿命等相关指标。结果 2016年河南省疾病监测地区居民粗死亡率为551.03/10万,标化死亡率495.08/10万,男性死亡率（631.93/10万）高于女性（464.92/10万）,差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 3 094.63,P＜0.001）。死亡原因主要以慢性病为主,占全部死亡的88.11%。居民前五位死因顺位分别是脑血管疾病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、伤害和呼吸系统疾病,占全部死因的比例达91.09%。居民人均期望寿命78.19岁,男性75.18岁,女性81.64岁;造成寿命损失的疾病种类依次为心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、伤害、呼吸系统疾病。结论 影响河南省居民健康和寿命损失的主要疾病是以心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤为主的慢性病,提示在以后的疾病防控中应针对性的加强慢性病的综合防治工作,降低慢性病的发病和死亡。     

2018年北京市大兴区居民死因及对期望寿命的影响分析

目的 分析北京市大兴区户籍居民的主要死因及对期望寿命的影响,为提高居民健康水平和制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法 利用2018年北京市大兴区户籍居民死亡监测资料,计算死亡率、标化死亡率、死因顺位、期望寿命和去死因期望寿命等相关指标。结果 2018年北京市大兴区户籍居民粗死亡率为612.49/10万,标化死亡率为415.31/10万,男性死亡率（697.89/10万）高于女性（361.77/10万）。居民死因顺位前5位分别是心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒,占全部死因的比例达82.14%;其中恶性肿瘤及心脏病分列男女性的首位死因,分别占男女性全部死因的25.52%和25.36%。居民人均期望寿命为81.07 岁,男性78.59岁,女性83.62岁;造成寿命损失的死因依次为心脏病、脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒,去除后寿命分别增加2.98、2.82、2.54、0.87和0.81岁。结论 慢性非传染性疾病是影响大兴区居民健康和期望寿命的主要因素,应加强慢性病的综合防治工作。此外,应重视交通事故、跌落和自杀等伤害的监测与干预,提高居民期望寿命。     

盐城市2009-2018年居民全死因死亡与减寿分析

目的 分析2009-2018年10年期间盐城市居民死因及其对寿命的影响等,为制定疾病预防控制措施提供依据。方法 分析2009-2018年盐城市居民死亡资料,计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、去死因期望寿命和潜在寿命损失年指标。结果 2009-2018年10年盐城市居民平均粗死亡率、标化死亡率分别为661.65/10万、359.41/10万。男女第1位死因为恶性肿瘤（262.91/10万、162.74/10万）、第2位为脑血管病（135.78/10万、148.50/10万）、第3位为呼吸系统疾病（103.68/10万、99.27/10万）、第4位为心脏病（76.52/10万、86.60/10万）、第5位为损伤和中毒（67.80/10万、38.81/10万）。对期望寿命影响最大的是恶性肿瘤和脑血管疾病,去除后寿命分别增加了3.94岁、2.97岁。结论 恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、损伤和中毒等慢性疾病是影响健康导致死亡的主要因素。慢性病的预防控制和管理是将来疾控工作的重点,提示要加强慢性病的危险因素调查研究,大力开展健康教育和健康促进工作,从而提高居民的期望寿命和健康水平。     

Cambios en las diferencias por sexo en la esperanza de vida en España (1980-2012): descomposición por edad y causa

Objective

To calculate and analyse the contributions of changes in mortality by age groups and selected causes of death to sex differences in life expectancy at birth in Spain from 1980 to 2012.

Age and cause of death contributing to reduction of disparity in age-adjusted overall mortality between males in Okinawa and mainland Japan

OBJECTIVES: We here propose a new index, the difference-change contribution proportion, to quantify contributions of age and cause of death to differences in age-adjusted overall mortality disparities between two groups over time. The present study was conducted with the aim of elucidating age and cause of death contributions to the recent decrease in disparity in life expectancy between males in Okinawa and mainland Japan.The longer-term goal is to apply the findings to developing appropriate preventive measures against diseases for Okinawa people. METHODS: Changes in disparity between age-adjusted overall mortality of male populations of Okinawa and Japan nationwide during a 15-year period, between 1985 and 2000, were measured and difference-change contribution proportions for age-adjusted overall mortality were computed. RESULTS: Causes of death that showed high difference-change contribution proportions included cerebral infarction (24.26%), cardiac failure (18.45%), other cerebrovascular diseases (15.11%), malignant gastric neoplasms (11.89%), ischemic heart disease (11.06%), hepatic disease (10.93%), suicide (5.71%), and diabetes (5.36%). Of these, cerebral infarction, cardiac failure, other cerebrovascular diseases, malignant gastric neoplasm, ischemic heart disease, and diabetes indicated high difference-change contribution proportions among seniors 65 years old and above, while hepatic disease and suicide ranked highly among the middle-aged. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed the extent of age and cause of death contributions to the decreasing disparity observed between populations of Okinawa and Japan nationwide in male age-adjusted overall mortality. The causes of death and the age revealed by this study are critical to taking preventive measures against diseases. Moreover, this study confirmed that the difference-change contribution proportion is a useful method to quantify contributions of age and cause of death to changes in variation regarding life expectancy.     

Life expectancy at birth: impact of variation in mortality by age group and cause of death in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil

This study investigated the impact of variation in mortality by age group and cause of death on gains in life expectancy at birth in the city of Campinas, S?o Paulo State, Brazil, in 1991, 2000, and 2005. Life tables were constructed. Pollard's method was used to estimate the contributions by age group and cause of death on gains in life expectancy. In 1991-2000, the age group that most contributed was 0-1 year (31.1% for males and 22.9% for females). In 2000-2005, 79% of the gain for males was the result of mortality improvements in the 15-44-year bracket. Cardiovascular diseases made the largest contribution in 1991-2000 (66.1% for males and 43.5% for females). A loss in longevity was seen in men (1.1 year) resulting from increased mortality from external causes. In 2000-2005, the substantial gain (2.3 year) in male life expectancy was due to a reduction in mortality from external causes. Neoplasms had a negative effect on the gain (0.11 year for males and 0.15 for females). These findings should help support public health policies to reduce mortality risks and increase life expectancy.     

Life expectancies in the United Kingdom and Japan

BACKGROUND: Compared with other developed countries, the United Kingdom has exhibited less of an increase in life expectancy over the past 30 years. METHODS: We compared the chronological changes in the age-adjusted mortality rates (AMRs) from all causes or major causes, and in life expectancy in the United Kingdom and Japan between 1970 and 1997. RESULTS: In both 1970 and 1997 the AMRs for most major causes were higher in the United Kingdom than in Japan; the difference in the AMR between countries was smaller in 1970 than in 1997. The difference in the AMR from all causes between the United Kingdom and Japan in 1997 was mainly due to differences in the AMR for heart diseases. The trend for an increasing difference over time between the United Kingdom and Japan in the AMR from all causes was due to the decreased rate of AMR from heart diseases from 1970 to 1997 in the United Kingdom being lower than those from cerebrovascular diseases in same period in Japan. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that mortality rates could be reduced by a change in focus of the National Health Service toward an emphasis on primary rather than secondary prevention and associated clinical interventions. The greatest priority should be placed on reducing the incidence of heart disease by aggressively improving primary prevention.     

2007—2020年中国澳门居民期望寿命和主要死因Joinpoint回归分析

目的 分析中国澳门居民2007—2020年期望寿命、主要死因的变化趋势,为医疗资源配置和健康干预提供依据。方法 从中国澳门政府官网搜集相关数据并整理,采用Joinpoint回归模型对数据进行分析,对2007—2020年中国澳门居民的出生期望寿命、标化总死亡率、死因标化死亡率进行趋势分析,并根据各主要死因的拟合方程预测2025年中国澳门居民主要死因的死亡率。结果 2007—2020年,中国澳门居民期望寿命从81.9岁增至84.1岁,AAPC=0.202%(t=20.160,P<0.001),标化死亡率从290.5/10万降至226.0/10万,AAPC=-1.752%(t=-2.698,P=0.007);恶性肿瘤、肺炎、心脏病和高血压一直居死因顺位的前四位,除恶性肿瘤标化死亡率无明显下降外,其余死因均出现显著下降（P<0.05）;预测2025年,死因顺位前五位分别为恶性肿瘤、高血压、心脏病、疾病和死亡的外因、脑血管病。结论 慢性非传染性疾病已成为中国澳门居民的主要死因,恶性肿瘤和脑血管疾病是未来干预的重点方向。     

Seasonal changes in mortality rates from main causes of death in Japan

Background: It is well recognized that the season of the year exerts an influence on some diseases and causes of death such as coronary heart diseases, stroke, infectious diseases and so on. Methods: We evaluated the influence of seasonal changes on diseases and causes of death in Japan using the Japan Vital Statistics from 1970 to 1999 and recorded weather data (mean temperature), by a Fourier decomposition in a log linear regression model.Results: Major influences of seasonal change with the highest rates in winter were seen on the following: the overall causes of death; infectious and parasitic diseases including tuberculosis; respiratory disease, including pneumonia and influenza; heart and cerebrovascular diseases; diabetes; and digestive diseases and accidents. Two peaks were seen in suicides, a large peak in April and a small peak in autumn. Cancer and homicides were little or not at all influenced by seasonality. There was no major difference in changes between the years studied, except for respiratory disease and tuberculosis, which showed a clear reduction in the seasonality effect from 1970 to 1999. Conclusions: To reduce the overall mortality rate and to prolong life expectancy in Japan, measures must be taken to reduce those mortality rates associated with seasonal differences, especially those causes of death which show a strong correlation with seasonal change: respiratory, heart, cerebrovascular, diabetes and infectious diseases.     

Lack of improvement of life expectancy at advanced ages in The Netherlands

BACKGROUND: Several countries have reported an increase in life expectancy at advanced ages. This paper analyses recent changes in life expectancy at age 60 and 85 in The Netherlands, a low mortality country with reliable mortality data. METHODS: We used data on the population and the number of deaths by age, sex and underlying cause of death for 1970-1994. Life expectancy at age 60 and 85 was estimated using standard life-table techniques. The contribution of different ages and causes of death to the change in life expectancy during the 1970s (1970/74-1980/84) and the 1980s (1980/84-1990/94) were estimated with a decomposition technique developed by Arriaga. RESULTS: Life expectancy at age 60 increased in the 1970s and 1980s, whereas life expectancy at age 85 decreased (men) and stagnated (women) in the 1980s, and has decreased in both sexes since 1985/89. The decomposition by age showed that constant mortality rates in women aged 85-89, and increasing mortality rates at ages 85+ (men) and 90+ (women) have caused this lack of increase in life expectancy. The decomposition by cause of death showed that smaller mortality reductions from other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which contributed most to the increase in life expectancy at age 85 in the 1970s, and mortality increases from, amongst others, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), mental disorders and diabetes mellitus produced the decrease (men) and plateau (women) in life expectancy at age 85. CONCLUSIONS: Life expectancy at advanced ages stopped increasing during the 1980s in The Netherlands due to mortality increases at ages 85+ (men) and 90+ (women). Cause-specific trends suggest that, in addition to (past) smoking behaviour in men, changes in the distribution of morbidity and frailty in the population might have contributed to this stagnation.     

The impact of changes in age-related and cause-related mortality on life expectancy at birth in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the 1990s

This study aimed to analyze the impact of changes in age-related and cause-related mortality on life expectancy at birth in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the 1990s. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM) for the three-year periods 1989/1990/1991 and 1998/1999/2000. Infant mortality rates and specific mortality rates for individuals > or = 1 year of age were calculated by gender and cause of death. The Pollard method was used to disaggregate the contributions by mortality from different causes and in different ages to life expectancy at birth. The age groups that contributed the most to the increase in life expectancy at birth were 0-1 year and > or = 70 years. The causes of death that most contributed to this increase were chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, in the age brackets above 35 years, and neonatal diseases in the < 1-year bracket. Finally, there were a high proportion of deaths from ill-defined causes, indicating that the true cause-related mortality structure in the State is still unknown.     

2017年开封市居民期望寿命及减寿分析

目的了解2017年开封市居民期望寿命及寿命损失情况。方法收集2017年开封市死亡资料,采用ANACONDA(Analysis of Causes of National Deaths for Action,ANACONDA)软件对死亡数据质量进行评价,通过死亡率、标化死亡率、构成比、死因顺位、期望寿命、潜在减寿年数(Potential Years of Life Lost,PYLL)等指标对居民死亡情况及寿命损失进行描述。结果2017年全市共报告死亡病例25099例,死亡率645.05/10万(标化死亡率577.12/10万),男性死亡率高于女性且差异有统计学意义(χ^2=26.00,P<0.001)。居民平均期望寿命为78.08岁(男性74.90岁,女性81.26岁)。前五位死因依次为:心脏病、脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤与中毒。去除前五位死因后,平均期望寿命增加10.43岁。四类慢性病造成的早死概率为18.32%。2017年开封市1~69岁人群因各种疾病导致128808人年的潜在减寿年数损失,平均减寿年数(Average Years of Life Lost,AYLL)为13.77年。结论慢性病尤其是心脑血管疾病及恶性肿瘤是造成开封市居民寿命损失的主要原因,期望寿命的提高关键在于对循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤等慢性病的预防和控制。     

湘潭市2011年城乡居民死亡原因分析

目的分析湘潭市居民2011年死亡原因。方法利用2011年湘潭市居民死亡原因监测资料,用死亡率、死因顺位、居民期望寿命、去死因期望寿命、减寿年数等指标评价该市居民健康状况。结果 2011年湘潭市居民死亡率为5.88‰,城区为5.67‰,乡村为5.98‰,男性为6.85‰,女性为4.88‰;前5位死因为心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、呼吸系统病和损伤与中毒,传染病位居第9位,且死亡率仅为0.4‰。居民期望寿命为78.07岁,城区为77.12岁,乡村为78.38岁,男性为75.8岁,女性为80.59岁。去心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、损伤与中毒、呼吸系统病后,居民寿命有0.05～8.93岁的增长,减寿年数为16 401.36～21 800.50年。结论传染病危害降低,慢性非传染性疾病、损伤与中毒已成为主要的公共卫生问题。     

The changing gender differences in life expectancy in Korea 1970-2005

Women live much longer than men in Korea, with remarkable gains in life expectancy at birth for the past decades. The gender differential has steadily increased over time, reaching a peak of more than 8 years in 1980s, and decreased thereafter to 6.7 years in 2005. Studies to investigate the pattern and contributing factors to changes in the life expectancy gender gap have been mostly from Western countries, and there has been no such study in Asian countries, except in Japan. We therefore aimed to examine age- and cause-specific contributions to the changing gender differentials in life expectancy in Korea, in particular the decline of the gap, using a decomposition method. Between 1970 and 1979 when the gender gap in life expectancy widened, faster mortality decline among women in ages 20-44 explained 66% of the total increase in the gender gap, which would be due to substantial improvements in reproductive health among women and excess male mortality in occupational injuries and transport accidents. Although greater survival advantage among elderly women over 70 contributed to further increase in the gender gap, the contributions from younger ages with the ages 15-64 contributing the most (-2 years) resulted in the overall reduction of the gender gap which began in 1992 and continued to 2005. Among causes of death, liver diseases (-0.5 years, 38% of the total decline), transport accidents (-0.4 years, 31%), hypertensive diseases (-0.3 years, 19%), stroke (-0.1 years, 11%), and tuberculosis (-0.1 years) contributed the most to the overall 1.4 years reduction in the gender gap. However, changes in mortality from lung cancer (+0.3 years), suicide (+0.3 years), chronic lower respiratory diseases (+0.2 years), and ischemic heart diseases (+0.1 years) contributed to widening the gap during the same period. In sum, while smoking-related causes of death have contributed most to the narrowing gap in most other industrialized countries, these causes contributed toward increasing the gender gap in Korea. Instead, liver disease, hypertension-related diseases, and transport accidents were major contributing causes of death to the narrowing of gender differentials in life expectancy in Korea.     

Measuring the impact of HIV/AIDS, heart disease and malignant neoplasms on life expectancy in the USA from 1987 to 2000

OBJECTIVES: Quantifying the impact of a disease on society is an important issue for setting priorities for better allocation of healthcare resources and for evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control of the disease. STUDY DESIGN: The potential gains in life expectancy due to the elimination of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), heart disease and malignant neoplasms were compared for the US population by age and ethnicity from 1987 to 2000. METHODS: The potential gain in life expectancy after hypothetical elimination of cause-specific deaths is an effective indicator of measuring the impact of a disease on a population. Official age-specific mortality rates, by ethnicity, due to HIV/AIDS, heart disease and malignant neoplasms of the US population from the National Center for Health Statistics were used, and multiple decremental life tables were constructed to find the corresponding potential gains in life expectancy. RESULTS: The potential gains in life expectancy for the US population at birth by complete elimination of HIV/AIDS, heart disease and malignant neoplasms were 0.14, 3.71 and 3.06 years in 1987, respectively. In 1995, the potential gain in life expectancy due to the elimination of HIV/AIDS increased from 0.14 years in 1987 and achieved its highest value (0.41 years), whereas the elimination of heart disease and malignant neoplasms led to potential gains in life expectancy of 3.05 and 3.10 years, respectively. Since 1995, the potential gains in life expectancy at birth by eliminating deaths from HIV/AIDS and heart disease have decreased to 0.13 and 2.67 years, respectively, in 2000. However, the potential gain in life expectancy due to elimination of malignant neoplasms remained relatively stable (3.01 years in 2000). It is well known that HIV/AIDS tends to have a greater impact on people of working age, whereas heart disease and malignant neoplasms have a greater impact on people over 65 years of age. To measure the impact of these diseases on life expectancy in people of working age, a partial multiple decremental life table was constructed and the potential gains in life expectancy were computed by partial or complete elimination of various causes of death during the working years. shows the impact on life expectancy of the US working-age population by eliminating deaths from HIV/AIDS, heart disease and malignant neoplasms by race and sex groups. CONCLUSIONS: Since 1995, there has been a rapid reduction in the burden of HIV/AIDS on the life expectancy for the US population, especially for black males of working age. These results could provide useful information when evaluating public health improvements and allocating resources for future disease control programmes.     

2017年贵阳市常住居民主要死因对期望寿命的影响分析

目的 分析贵阳市4个死因监测点常住居民主要死因及对期望寿命的影响程度,为制定疾病预防控制的政策措施和方向提供科学依据。方法 采用描述统计学方法以及编制简略寿命表和去死因寿命表计算2017年贵阳市死因监测点常住居民的死亡率、死因顺位以及期望寿命和去主要死因期望寿命。结果 贵阳市2017年死因监测点常住居民报告死亡率564.14/10万,标化死亡率为578.25/10万,其中男性报告死亡率656.83/10万,标化死亡率为663.21/10万;女性报告死亡率为466.88/10万,标化死亡率为488.50/10万。男女性死亡率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 366.25, P＜0.05)。2017年贵阳市死因监测点常住居民的前5位死因分别是恶性肿瘤（112.83/10万）、脑血管病（105.85/10万）、心脏病（101.11/10万）、呼吸系统疾病（83.82/10万）以及损伤和中毒（41.56/10万）。2017年贵阳市死因监测点常住居民人均期望寿命是77.96岁,其中男性期望寿命为75.38岁,女性期望寿命为80.88岁。男性在去除前5位死因后期望寿命可提高12.47岁,女性可提高8.41岁。结论 慢性非传染性疾病以及损伤和中毒是目前贵阳市常住居民的主要死因,对贵阳市常住居民期望寿命影响较大的5大疾病分别是脑血管疾病、心脏病、恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病和损伤及中毒     

广州市2011年居民主要死因和潜在寿命损失分析

目的了解广州市2011年居民主要死因及各类疾病的危害程度,为制定疾病预防和控制措施提供决策依据。方法2011年人口资料由广州市卫生局提供。死因监测资料来自2011年广州市死因登记报告信息系统报告的死亡病例。疾病分类按ICD-10进行分类编码,对2011年广州市居民死亡数据进行描述性流行病学分析,通过死亡率、期望寿命、去死因期望寿命、减寿年数等指标分析居民死亡和减寿的主要原因。结果2011年广州市居民通过死因登记报告信息系统报告的死亡病例44262例,粗死亡率为544．47／10万,标化率为336．45／10万,男性死亡率为612．50／10万,标化率为431．12／10万;女性死亡率为474．66／10万,标化率为248．26／10万,男性高于女性（P〈0．01）;前6位死因依次为：恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、脑血管病、诊断不明、伤害,死亡率分别为133．44／10万、101．82／10万、100．68／10万、73．70／10万、31．54／10万、26．53／10万;期望寿命为80．83岁,去除恶性肿瘤、心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病后,预期寿命可分别增加3．81、2．78和2．73岁;以减寿年数（PYLL）计,导致潜在寿命损失的前6位死因为恶性肿瘤、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、脑血管病、诊断不明、伤害,分别为107716．00、81414．00、81106．50、61978．50、26523．00、22232．50年。结论慢性疾病,特别是恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病等疾病正严重威胁广州市居民的身体健康。加强对这些慢性病的防治是广州市卫生工作的重点,尤其是预防恶性肿瘤的发生,提高其早诊早治水平对减少寿命损失有重要意义。