Risk factors for development of acute renal failure after liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common complication after liver transplantation (LTx). Identification of risk factors may prevent the development and attenuate the impact of ARF on patients outcome after LTX. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of variables in the pre, intra, and postoperative periods of 92 patients submitted to LTx was performed in order to identify risk factors for development of ARF after LTx. ARF was defined as serum creatinine > or = 2.0 mg/dL in the first 30 days after LTx. Univariate and multivariate analysis by logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: ARF group comprised 56 patients (61%). Preoperative serum creatinine was higher in ARF group. During the intraoperative period, ARF group required more blood transfusions, developed more episodes of hypotension and presented longer anesthesia time. In the postoperative period, ARF group presented higher serum bilirubin and more episodes of hypotension. Dialysis was required in 10 patients (11%). The identifled risk factors for development of ARF were: preoperative serum creatinine > 1.0 mg/dL. more than five blood transfusions in the intraoperative period, hypotension during intra and postoperative periods. The identified mortality risk factors were hypotension in the postoperative period and no recovery of renal function after 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors are involved in the pathogenesis of ARF after LTx and may influence patients outcome and mortality. Pretransplant renal function and hemodynamic conditions in the operative and postoperative periods were identified as risk factors for development of ARF after LTx. Nonrenal function recovery and postoperative hypotension were identified as mortality risk factors after LTx.     

Risk factors for acute respiratory failure after liver transplantation

OBJECTIVES: To study the risk factors for acute respiratory failure during recovery after liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 340 consecutive liver transplant operations. Patient data was grouped according to whether acute respiratory failure developed (group I) or not (group II). Acute respiratory failure was defined by the need for mechanical ventilation longer than 5 days after transplantation or by the need for an inspired oxygen fraction of over 50% for 72 hours. We evaluated demographic characteristics, stage of liver disease before the transplant, comorbidity, immunosuppressant treatment administered, and complications during and after surgery. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were placed in group I and 274 in group II. Univariate analysis showed significant differences between the groups for age, sex, Child-Pugh functional stage, preoperative renal failure, type of immunosuppression, and postoperative complications such as atrial fibrillation, pleural effusion, pulmonary edema, ascites, postoperative acute renal failure, brain dysfunction, early graft dysfunction, and respiratory infection. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression, taking the development or not of acute respiratory failure as the dependent variable, gave a model with 6 variables that accounted for 94% of the cases. The variables entering into the model, with their respective odds ratios (OR) were female sex (OR, 5.5), stage C liver function (OR, 3.9), pulmonary edema (OR, 16.3), postoperative acute renal failure (OR, 9), cerebral dysfunction (OR, 4.5), and respiratory infection (OR, 62). CONCLUSIONS: The development of acute respiratory failure after liver transplantation is affected by the following factors: female sex, Child-Pugh class, pulmonary edema, postoperative acute renal failure, cerebral dysfunction, and respiratory infection.     

肝移植术后并发急性肾功能衰竭的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨肝移植术后并发急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的相关危险因素。方法对62例肝移植患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,根据术后是否发生ARF,将62例分为肾衰组(23例)和无肾衰组(39例)。以术前、术中及术后常用的临床及实验室指标共计29项作为危险因素的分析对象,先对这些指标进行单因素分析,将单因素分析有统计学意义的指标再进行Stepwiselogistic回归分析。结果计量资料中,术前血胆红素总量、术前腹水量、术中失血量、术中血制品输入量及无肝期时间等指标,两组间的差异有统计学意义;计数资料中,术前是否需要重症监护、术前有无肝性脑病、术中有无低血压及术后有无感染等指标,两组间的差异有统计学意义。对上述9项指标进行Stepwiselogistic回归分析,术中失血量多和术后感染是肝移植术后并发ARF的两个独立危险因素。结论肝移植术后并发ARF的原因可能是多方面的,术后感染和术中失血量多是肝移植术后并发ARF的独立危险因素。     

肝移植术后早期肾功能衰竭的危险因素分析

目的 分析南京军区福州总医院肝移植术后早期.肾功能衰竭的危险因素,探讨其防治策略.方法 回顾分析该院72例肝移植病人的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、等待供肝时间、术前肝功能Child分级、血清肌酐水平、肾动脉阻力指数、血清总胆红素水平、PT、APTT,术中失血量、补液量、低血压总时间、腔静脉完全阻断时间、是否应用经典原位肝移植、是否使用人工肝等,并进行多因素分析,寻找术后早期肾功能衰竭的危险因素.结果 18例术后发生早期肾功能衰竭,发生率为25%;术前肌酐水平升高、肾动脉阻力指数增大、术中大量失血、术中低血压时间长、术中补液量大以及未使用术中人工肝等因素为早期肾功能衰竭的高危因素.结论 术前尽可能改善肾功能,术中尽量减少出血,维持血流动力学稳定,充分发挥术中人工肝持续血液滤过的作用,可有效降低肝移植术后早期肾功能衰竭的发生.     

肝移植术患者术后早期并发急性肾功能衰竭的危险因素

目的 分析肝移植术患者术后早期并发急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的危险因素.方法 择期行肝移植术的终末期肝病患者60例,年龄28～64岁,术前血清肌酐和尿素未见异常.根据术后24h内是否发生ARF,分为2组:ABF组与非ARF组(NARF组).可能的危险因素进行组间比较后,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析,筛选发生ARF的危险因素.结果 logistic回归分析结果显示,术前血β1-微球蛋白高于正常值、术中持续性低血压与术后早期并发ABF有关(P＜0.05).结论 肝移植术患者术前血β2-微球蛋白高于正常值和术中发生持续性低血压是术后早期并发ABF的危险因素.     

肝移植术后慢性肾功能损伤的危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响肝移植术后慢性肾功能损伤(CRD)的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2008年1月于中国人民武装警察部队总医院接受肝移植术后生存时间＞3年的101例患者的临床资料,应用MDRD公式计算术前以及术后1、3年的肾小球滤过率(GFR).根据术后GFR是否＜60 ml/min将患者分为CRD组(16例)和对照组(85例).采用x2检验或t检验对可能影响肝移植术后肾功能的16项危险因素(性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、肌酐、尿素氮、他克莫司浓度、术前GFR、热缺血时间、冷缺血时间、国际标准化比值、TP、TBil、ALT、AST、ALP)进行单因素分析,将差异有统计学意义的因素进行Logistic多因素回归分析.结果 101例肝移植患者手术前GFR为(103±22) ml/min,其中3例患者术前GFR＜60 ml/min;101例患者肝移植术后l、3年GFR分别为(91 ±22) ml/min和(83 ± 21) ml/min,其中7例患者肝移植术后1年GFR＜ 60 ml/min,16例患者术后3年GFR＜ 60 ml/min.单因素分析结果表明:高血压、糖尿病、肌酐、尿素氮、他克莫司浓度和术前GFR是肝移植术后CRD的危险因素(x2=9.400,21.917,f =51.024,91.620,41.381,99.000,P＜0.05).多因素分析结果表明:高血压、糖尿病和术前GFR是肝移植术后CRD的独立危险因素(OR=65.438,17.903,0.911,P＜0.05).结论 GFR降低和手术前合并高血糖和高血压是肝移植术后CRD的危险因素.     

肝移植术后早期急性肾功能衰竭处理及危险因素分析

目的探讨肝移植术后早期急性肾功能衰竭的处理及相关危险因素。方法回顾分析400例肝移植临床资料，观察术后急性肾功能衰竭病人的处理及预后。根据有无肾功能衰竭分组，对13项相关的危险因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果肝移植术后早期急性肾功能衰竭的发生率为7．2％，均接受持续静脉静脉血液滤过治疗，1年生存率为44．4％。单因素分析中年龄、术前肝功能分级、术前肌酐、尿素氮、手术时间、术中输血量组间差异有统计学意义，多因素分析中只有术前肝功能分级是独立的危险因素。结论肝移植术后早期急性肾功能衰竭预后差，可能与多种诱发因素有关，术前肝功能不全是独立的危险因素。     

肝移植术后急性肺损伤的危险因素分析

目的 总结62例肝移植患者的临床资料，回顾性分析术后急性肺损伤（acute lung injury，ALI）发生的危险因素。方法 按ALI的诊断标准，将62例患者分为急性肺损伤组（ALI组）和非急性肺损伤组（NO—ALI组），比较两组的年龄、性别、原发病因、手术方式及预后。单因素、Logistic回归分析肝移植术后ALI发生的危险因素。结果 两组患者年龄、性别、原发病因及手术方式无明显差别。12例ALI发生在术后1d至4周，3例死亡。单因素分析发现，术后肺部感染、术中及术后的门肺高压、术中输血量、术中补液量、术后再次开腹、术后急性肾功能衰竭、术后激素冲击治疗对ALI的发生有显著影响。回归分析提示，术后肺部感染、术中及术后的门肺高压是ALI发生的危险因素。结论 术后肺部感染、术中及术后的门肺高压是肝移植术后ALI发生的危险因素，重视上述因素对预防与减少ALI的发生具有较重要的临床意义。     

肝移植术后早期急性肾衰竭的危险因素分析

目的探讨肝移植术后早期急性肾衰竭(acuterenalfailure,ARF)的危险因素。方法以临床资料完整的362例肝移植患者为研究对象,按术后早期(术后1个月内)有否发生ARF分为ARF组(71例)和非ARF组(291例)。对两组的36项围手术期可能危险因素进行单因素分析,并对单因素分析中P<0.05的变量进行Logistic逐步回归分析。结果经单因素分析,术前肝性脑病、术前血清肌酐(Scr)水平、术前血红蛋白水平、术前凝血酶原活动度、术前总胆红素水平、终末期肝病模型(modelforend-stageliverdisease,MELD)评分、总手术时间、术中失血量、术中输血量、术中尿量、术中低血压及术后合并感染等因素,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05～0.001)。对上述12项指标进行Logistic逐步回归分析,结果显示术前Scr水平增高[比数比(oddsra-tio,OR)=0.92]、术前凝血酶原活动度低(OR=1.015)、MELD评分高(OR=1.588)、术中出血量多(OR=1.012)、术后合并感染(OR=12.260)与肝移植术后发生ARF密切相关(均为P<0.05)。结论术前Scr水平增高、凝血酶原活动度低、MELD评分高,术中失血量多和术后合并感染是肝移植术后早期ARF的独立危险因素。     

肝移植术后腹内高压与急性肾功能衰竭的关系

目的探讨肝移植术后腹内高压（IAH）与急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）的关系。方法回顾分析62例肝移植患者的临床相关资料，确定ARF的诊断标准；采用膀胱内压检测法间接测量腹内压，术后前3d内每天腹内压超过20mmHg者为IAH，比较IAH组与非IAH组在术后3d的腹内压值和血清肌酐、尿素氮水平及肾小球滤过梯度、每小时尿量以及平均动脉压的变化。采用多元相关性分析、Logistic回归方法分析肝移植术后ARF发生的相关危险因素。结果IAH组24例患者中，11例（45．800）发生ARF，术后前3d肾小球滤过梯度显著降低．血清肌酐和尿素氮的水平显著升高，每小时尿量显著减少；非1AH组38例患者中，仅有3例（7．9％）发生ARF，两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多元相关性分析提示，患者年龄≥60岁、术中输血量≥3000ml、术中MAP降低、术后IAH、感染、急性肺损伤等与肝移植术后ARF的发生明显相关；回归分析提示，术中输血量≥3000ml、术中MAP降低、术后IAH是ARF发生的独立危险因素；多元逐步回归分析显示，术中输血量≥3000ml、术中MAP降低及术后IAH是ARF发生的高度危险因素。结论IAH是ARF发生的独立高度危险因素；严密监测术后腹内压的变化，对预防与减轻ARF具有较重要的临床意义。     

急性肝功能衰竭患者肝移植术后急性肾功能衰竭的病因分析及综合治疗

目的 分析急性肝功能衰竭(acute liver failure,ALF)患者肝移植术后肾功能衰竭的原因,评价以持续肾脏替代治疗(continuous renal replacement therapy,CRRT)为基础的综合疗法的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年6月在我院施行的412例肝移植资料,根据UNOS肝功能分级标准筛选出54例ALF患者(UNOS1和2A),其中17例移植术后出现急性肾功能衰竭(acute renal failure,ARF).在CRRT治疗基础上,进行抗排斥、抗感染、营养支持等治疗,并对患者围手术期情况、术后并发症、死亡原因及随访结果进行了分析.结果 CRRT治疗过程中无并发症发生.无ARF组围手术期死亡率为5.4%,术后并发症发生率为35.1%,1、3年生存率分别为89.2%和81.1%.ARF组围手术期死亡率为58.8%,术后并发症发生率为100%,1、3年生存率分别为41.2%和41.2%.结论 肝移植效果主要取决于肝外器官功能和术前肝功能状态.ALF患者围手术期死亡率较高,其中术前血肌酐高术后出现ARF率高,死亡率更高.以CRRT为基础的综合疗法能有效治疗ARF患者.     

乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者肝移植术后影响生存的危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭患者实施肝移植后短期病死率与长期生存的危险因素。方法:本研究通过前瞻性收集自2018年8月—2021年7月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院因乙肝相关慢加急性肝衰竭实施肝移植的患者40例,其中男性36例、女性4例,年龄为(44.5±8.79)岁。统计患者的基本资料、发病情况、肝移植前48...     

Predictive factors for chronic renal failure one year after orthotopic liver transplantation

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is increasingly prevalent in solid-organ-transplant patients. This is in part related to the long-term use of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) agents. However, in orthotopic liver-transplant (OLT) patients, the effects of superimposed hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related renal lesions could also be a factor. The aim of this cohort study (February 2000 to September, 2003) was to identify the predictive factors at one year post-transplantation for CRF in OLT patients associated with induction therapies. CRF was defined as having a creatinine clearance (CC) lower than 60 mL/min. Of the 97 transplants performed during that period, 72 were still functioning after one year. Of these, 33 patients (45.8%) had CRF. In univariate analysis, the predicting factors for CRF were recipient sex (female), initial liver disease (HCV-related cirrhosis), pre-transplant CC (<80 mL/mn), and post-transplant serum creatinine >130 micromol/L at day 3 and months (M) 1, 3, and 6. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictive factors for CRF included female sex [OR: 11.5 (2.3-58.3); p = 0.003], HCV infection [OR: 5.01 (1.1-22.7); p = 0.03], pre-OLT CC <80 mL/mn [OR: 5.4 (1.2-23.7); p = 0.025], and serum creatinine at M6 greater than 130 micromol/L [OR: 19.6 (3.7-102.5); p = 0.0004]. Among all of the predictive factors for post-OLT CRF, only one is modifiable: post-transplant serum creatinine, which could be, to some extent, related to the long-term use of CNIs.     

肝切除术后肝功能衰竭的危险因素

随着肝脏外科技术的发展,围手术期管理和患者筛选标准的进步使可以接受半肝切除术或扩大肝切除术的患者数量大大增加.而肝切除术后肝功能衰竭是肝切除术后严重的并发症之一,肝切除术后肝功能衰竭患者相关风险中糖尿病及已有肝脏疾病如肝硬化、脂肪肝、胆汁淤积等是最重要的危险因素.手术相关风险中残肝体积及术中大出血是影响肝切除术后肝功能衰竭发病率及病死率的关键因素.而到目前为止还没有很好的方法治疗肝功能衰竭,所以预防显得尤为重要.     

Prevention of acute renal failure after kidney transplantation

Summary The incidence of acute renal failure (ARF) after renal transplantation has always been about 50%. The most important factors for the development of ARF are the hemodynamic condition of the donor, the mode of preservation of the kidney, and the hemodynamic parameters of the recipient. Optimal hydration of the donor and the minimalization of the length of warm ischemia time decreased the incidence of ARF. Further improvement in the incidence of ARF could be achieved either by adding calcium antagonists to the preservation fluid or by using a new preservation fluid (Belzer solution). With moderate hydration of the recipient and the administration of mannitol just before clamp release, we also accomplished a decrease in ARF; however, neither moderate hydration nor mannitol alone could achieve this. By application of these methods, it is now possible after renal transplantation to achieve an incidence of ARF of <20%.     

Risk factors of arterial hypertension after renal transplantation

Arterial hypertension often present after kidney transplantation is of multifactorial origin. The aim of this study was to determine the role of donor and recipient factors in the development of hypertension after renal transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 280 patients transplanted between 1985 and 2005, who still had functioning grafts at 1 year after transplantation. We recorded donor and recipient parameters. One hundred eighty-seven patients (66.8%) were hypertensive. Upon multivariate analysis of recipient factors, pretransplant hypertension (odds ratio) [OR]: 8.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5 to 16.1); serum creatinine level > 130 micromol/L at 6 months (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.3 to 4,7), male gender (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.4), and chronic rejection (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.2 to 4.7) were independent predisposing factors. Among donor factors, age was significantly associated with arterial hypertension upon univariate analysis. In conclusion, recipient factors, especially pretransplant hypertension, contribute to the disorder in renal transplant patients.     

肾移植术后巨细胞病毒肺炎的危险因素

分析肾移植术后巨细胞病毒（CMV）肺炎的发病和死亡危险因素．采取有效的防治措施，有利于减少术后CMV肺炎的发病和改善疾病预后。分析肾移植术后巨细胞病毒（CMV）肺炎的发病和死亡危险因素．采取有效的防治措施，有利于减少术后CMV肺炎的发病和改善疾病预后。