七氟醚诱导及维持麻醉对心脏瓣膜手术病人血液动力学的影响

目的:研究七氟醚及七氟醚-N_2O吸入诱导及维持麻醉对心脏瓣病人血液动力学的影响。方法:44例患者分两组,组1以七氟醚、组2以七氟醚-N_2O诱导,均以七氟醚-N_2O维持麻醉。采用SwanGanz导管技术监测血液动力学变化。结果:诱导过程病人舒适,入睡平稳,几无呛咳屏气及躁动等不良反应发生。诱导后两组HR、PTRI、PVRI和SVRI无变化,但MAP、CI、LVWI、LVSWI及RVWI明显降低(P<0.05),组1尚伴SI和RVSWI减低(P<0.05)。劈胸骨后,两组RAP、PTRI、PORI、SVRI增高,CI、SI、LVWI、LVSWI、RVWI及RVSWI进一步减低(P<0.05)。CPB开始前,两组LVWI、LVSWI、RVWI及RVSW仍继续下降(P<0.01)。结论:心脏瓣膜病人以1.0 MAC七氟醚或1.2 MAC七氟醚-N_2O诱导是可取的,但以此浓度维持麻醉,对强烈刺激反应的抑制仍嫌不足。     

低浓度七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对小儿血流动力学的影响

目的 研究低流量七氟醚与异氟醚吸入麻醉对小儿血流动力学的影响.方法 40例1～5岁小儿随机分为七氟醚组(S组)和异氟醚组(I组),每组20例.分别测量呼气末麻醉药浓度为0MAC(T0)、0.5MAC(T1)、1.0MAC(T2)和1.5MAC(T3)稳定5 min后的每搏指数(SI)、心脏指数(CI)、外周血管阻力(SVR)、HR及MAP.结果 与T0时比较,T1时两组MAP和SVR均有降低(P<0.05),其他指标均无明显变化.T2时,SVR和MAP进一步降低,HR略增快和SI略升高,但两组间差异无统计学意义,S组Cl值显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).T3时,S组的HR显著快于Ⅰ组,而SI下降与T0近似;SVR和MAP两组无进一步降低.结论 低浓度七氟醚和异氟醚麻醉对小儿心肌无明显抑制,仅降低MAP和SVR,七氟醚增快HR作用大于异氟醚.     

七氟醚、异氟醚不同呼气末浓度对熵和脑电双频指数的影响

目的 观察不同呼气末浓度的七氟醚和异氟醚对熵、脑电双频指数(BIS)及血流动力学的影响.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级全麻手术患者随机均分为七氟醚组(Ⅰ组)和异氟醚组(Ⅱ组).麻醉诱导用丙泊酚1 mg/kg,1 min后吸入七氟醚或异氟醚;维持反应熵(RE)、状态熵(SE)、BIS45～55,6 min后置入喉罩.调节吸入浓度使两组患者呼气末浓度分别为0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.3MAC时各维持10 min,记录RE、SE、BIS、HR和MAP.结果 两组患者不同呼气末浓度七氟醚和异氟醚RE、SE、BIS随浓度增加而逐渐下降(P<0.05),HR逐渐减慢、MAP逐渐降低(P<0.05).两组间各指标差异均无统计学意义.RE、SE、BIS间直线相关性随呼气末浓度增大相关系数有增加趋势.结论 熵和BIS均能有效监测七氟醚、异氟醚麻醉深度.     

吸入七氟醚与丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼麻醉在全胃切除手术中的比较

目的 比较七氟醚吸入与丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼麻醉在全胃切除手术中的应用效果.方法 40例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级择期全胃切除术患者随机均分为七氟醚组(S组)和丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼组(P组).记录围麻醉期各时点的血流动力学、脑电双频指数(BIS)、麻醉药浓度及用量、麻醉恢复期时间和苏醒期不良反应.结果 麻醉期两组DBP、MAP、HR均较麻醉前显著下降(P<0.05).两组患者术中均能维持足够的麻醉深度(BIS 45～60),术中血流动力学平稳.麻醉恢复期P组躁动、呛咳发生率明显低于S组(P<0.05).结论 七氟醚吸入麻醉或丙泊酚复合雷米芬太尼静脉麻醉均可安全应用于全胃切除手术.     

瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉与瑞芬太尼-七氟醚麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊手术的比较

目的 比较瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉和瑞芬太尼七氟醚麻醉用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic chdecystectomy,LC)对患者血流动力学及术后苏醒的影响.方法 48例行择期LC患者,年龄21岁～73岁,ASA Ⅰ级～Ⅱ级,采用完全随机的设计分为2组:瑞芬太尼-丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉组(RP组,n=24)和瑞芬太尼七氟醚维持麻醉组(RP组,n=24).分别记录2组手术期间麻醉用药维持量,麻醉过程各时点的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)及术毕患者苏醒各时段时间.结果 RP组与RS组血流动力学变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).苏醒时间RS组(7.0±3.4)min比RP组(13.1±7.8)min明显缩短(P<0.01).结论 七氟醚-端芬太尼维持麻醉与丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼靶控输注麻醉对患者术中血流动力学效应相当,然而七氟醚-瑞芬太尼维持麻醉患者苏醒更快,更适合用于快通道麻醉.     

帕瑞昔布钠与曲马多对七氟醚麻醉后苏醒期躁动的比较

目的比较术前应用帕瑞昔布钠和曲马多对七氟醚全身麻醉后苏醒期躁动的预防作用。方法将60例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期肝胆手术患者随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组(A组)、曲马多组(B组)和对照组(C组)。分别于麻醉诱导前(T1)、拔管前(停药10 min,T2)、拔管时(T3)、拔管后10 min(T4)观察三组MAP、HR、SpO2,并记录睁眼时间、拔管时间、术后疼痛评分和躁动分级。结果 T2~T4时A、B组MAP、HR明显低于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。因吸氧无一例患者SpO2降低。A、C组睁眼及拔管时间明显短于B组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。A、B组躁动发生率明显低于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。术后30 min、2 h A、B组VAS评分明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠和曲马多用于七氟醚全身麻醉可产生良好的超前镇痛作用,并可预防术后躁动的发生,但曲马多对患者的苏醒有延迟作用。     

BIS用于指导小儿七氟醚麻醉用药的临床观察

目的 探讨BIS指导小儿七氟醚麻醉的临床意义.方法 48例1～12岁、行泌尿外科手术的小儿随机均分为两组.BIS组依据BIS值调整七氟醚吸入浓度(目标BIS术中保持在40～60,术末15 min保持60～75);对照组根据临床经验调节七氟醚吸人浓度.记录术中和术末平均BIS值、呼气末七氟醚浓度及MAC值.同时记录HR、MAP、苏醒时间、气管拔管时间、离开PACU时间.计算七氟醚用量.结果 BIS组术中及术末的平均呼气末七氟醚浓度显著小于对照组(P<0.01),BIS值显著大于对照组(P<0.01).BIS组苏醒时间、拔管时间、离开PACU时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.01).结论 小儿七氟醚麻醉中监测BIS能减少七氟醚用量和加快苏醒.     

不同浓度七氟醚对肝脏清除功能和血流动力学的影响

目的采用脉搏染料光密度法评价不同浓度七氟醚麻醉对肝脏清除功能和血流动力学的影响。方法择期行妇科手术患者30例,年龄35~45岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,随机分为0.6 MAC组、1.0 MAC组和1.4 MAC组,每组10例。采用潮气量法吸入七氟醚麻醉,分别维持0.6 MAC、1.0 MAC和1.4 MAC稳定15 min。分别在麻醉诱导前15 min和呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定后15 min进行吲哚菁绿(ICG)清除试验,测定ICG清除率(K)、15 min滞留率(R15)、血浆半衰期(T1/2)、心排出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)、每搏量(SV)和循环血容量(BV)、肝脏有效血流量(EHBF)、运氧量(DO2)和平均循环时间(MTT)。分析三组呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定后15 min时K与EHBF的相关性。结果与麻醉诱导前15 min比较,呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定后15 min时0.6 MAC组和1.4 MAC组BV明显升高(P<0.05),1.4 MAC组EHBF明显降低(P<0.05),三组K明显降低(P<0.05),R15明显升高(P<0.05),T1/2明显缩短(P<0.05)。三组K与EHBF在呼气末七氟醚浓度稳定后15 min具有明显线性正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论 0.6~1.4 MAC七氟醚麻醉可降低肝脏的清除功能,不影响正常肝脏储备功能,在此范围内无剂量相关性;其血流动力学保持相对稳定。     

静吸复合麻醉下七氟醚与异氟醚对颅内压的影响

目的:在颅内顺应性正常神经外科病人,观察1.0 MAC七氟醚与异氟醚对颅内压的影响。方法:垂体瘤或颅咽管瘤手术病人16例,随机分为两组:A组为咪唑安定 芬太尼 1.0 MAC异氟醚;B组为咪唑安定 芬太尼 1.0 MAC七氟醚。选择L_(3～4)行蛛网膜下腔穿刺。麻醉诱导采用芬太尼-咪唑安定-阿曲库铵。插管后维持稳定30分开始吸入七氟醚(或异氟醚)。分别于麻醉前、吸入麻醉药前、达预定呼气末浓度30分内观察监测指标。结果:1.0 MAC七氟醚和异氟醚均可显著降低脑灌注压,异氟醚作用较强。吸入1.0 MAC七氟醚后颅内压首先呈显著性下降,15分后回复至基础水平。吸入1.0 MAC异氟醚后颅内压无显著性变化。结论:在颅内顺应性正常患者,1.0 MAC七氟醚和异氟醚均可安全用于神经外科麻醉。     

地氟醚预处理与缺氧/复氧损伤内皮细胞凋亡相关基因表达

目的 观察地氟醚预处理对缺氧/复氧(A/R)损伤内皮细胞凋亡相关基因Bcl-2及Bax表达的影响.探讨地氟醚预处理抑制细胞凋亡的机制.方法 选用人脐静脉内皮细胞株(ECV304).将细胞分为五组,即A/R组(A组)、A/R 肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)10 ng/ml组(B组)、地氟醚1.0MAC预处理 A/R组(C组)、地氟醚1.0 MAC预处理 A/R TNF-α 10 ng/ml组(D组)和空白对照组(E组).应用Real-time PCR、Western Blot方法检测各组细胞中Bcl-2及Bax mRNA和蛋白水平.结果 Real-time PCR和Western Blot结果提示,与E组相比,A、B组Bcl-2表达降低,Bax表达升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).经地氟醚预处理后,C、D组细胞较相应未经预处理的A、B组Bcl-2表达增加.Bax表达降低(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 地氟醚预处理可通过调节Bcl-2及Bax的表达来抑制缺氧/复氧所引起的内皮细胞凋亡.     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

目的 探讨6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环血流动力学的影响.方法 26例肝胆外科手术患者,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄32岁～59岁,体重54 kg～73 kg,随机分为羟乙基淀粉(HS)组和复方醋酸林格液(RL)组,每组13例,硬膜外复合全麻诱导前分别输入上述液体7 ml/kg,于基础值(T0)、输液后10 min(T1)、诱导后5 min(T2)、插管后5 min(T3)、插管后10min(T4)和插管后20min(T5)记录患者肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、肺动脉舒张压(PADP)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、肺血管阻力(PVR)、右室心搏作功(RVSW)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)等血流动力学参数.结果 两组患者中性别比、年龄、身高、体质量和体表而积均无统计学差异(P>0.05).与T0相比,HS组T1时,PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP和CVP增加(P<0.05),PVR值T1到T5时下降(P<0.05或0.01);HS组患者RVSW值T5时下降(P<0.05);两组患者RVSW值T1时均增加(P<0.05或0.01);两组患者HR从T2到T5时下降(P<0.05或0.01),T3到T5时MAP降低(P<0.05或0.01);与RL组相比,HS组PVR值T1到T5时降低(P<0.05或0.01),T2到T5时MAP明显高于RL组(P<0.05或0.01).结论 7 ml/kg 6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4能明显降低硬膜外复合全麻诱导期PVR,但对肺循环无明显副作用.     

末梢灌注指数监测地氟醚诱发患者交感神经兴奋的评价

目的 评价末梢灌注指数(TPI)监测地氟醚诱发的患者交感神经兴奋作用.方法 择期全麻患者48例,年龄25～60岁,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组(n=16):七氟醚组(Ⅰ组)、地氟醚组(Ⅱ组)和地氟醚+异丙酚组(Ⅲ组).气管插管后Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组地氟醚或七氟醚呼气末浓度依次快速达到0.5 MAC、1.0 MAC和1.5 MAC,并在每个水平维持5 min.Ⅲ组在气管插管后靶控输注异丙酚.血浆靶浓度至1μg/ml,地氟醚呼气末浓度依次快速达到0.5 MAC、1.0 MAC,并在每个水平维持5 min.分别在给予咪达唑仑后5 min(T0)、麻醉诱导后3 min(T1)、插管后即刻(T2)、呼气末浓度达到0.5 MAC(T3)、0.5 MAC后5 min(T4)、1.0 MAC(T5)、1.0MAC后5min(T6)、1.5MAC(T7)、1.5MAC后5min(T8)时记录心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、TPI、脑电双频谱指数,并在T0、T1、T2、T5、T7时测定血浆肾素活性和血管紧张素Ⅱ水平.结果 与T4时比较,Ⅱ组T5时,IPI降低(P<0.05);与T7时比较,Ⅱ组T4～6、T8时HR、MAP降低,T3～6、T8时TPI降低(P<0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组T7时HR、MAP升高,TPI降低(P<0.05);Ⅱ组T5和T7时TPI出现变化最大值的时间短于HR、MAP;ATPI与△HR、AMAP呈负相关(r=-0.593,P<0.05;r=-0.591,P<0.05);与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组血浆肾素活性和AT-Ⅱ浓度升高(P<0.05).结论 TPI可灵敏地反映地氟醚诱发的患者交感神经兴奋.     

双心房输注对二尖瓣置换术患者体外循环后肺动脉压的影响

目的 评价双心房输注对二尖瓣置换术患者体外循环后肺动脉压(PAP)的影响.方法 择期行二尖瓣置换术合并肺动脉高压[平均肺动脉压(MPAP)＞50 mm Hg]的患者20例,年龄22～53岁,体重34～57kg,心功能分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=10):右心房输注组(R组)和双心房输注组(B组).麻醉诱导后右颈内静脉穿刺置入Swan-Ganz三腔漂浮导管,监测CVP、PAP、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)和CO.R组经中心静脉输注前列腺素E130～150 ng·kg-1·min-1和去氧肾上腺素0.2～0.6μg·kg-1·min-1.B组经中心静脉输注前列腺素E130～150 ng·kg·min-1,经左心房输注去氧肾上腺素0.2～0.6μg·kg-1·min-1.分别于给药前5 min(T0)、给药后5 min(T1)、10 min(T2)、30 min(T3)和60 min(T4)时记录MAP、HR、MPAP、PCWP、CVP和CO,计算肺血管阻力指数(PVRI)、体循环血管阻力指数(SVRI)和CI.结果 与T0时比较,R组T1-4时MAP、MPAP、PCWP和PVRI降低,CI升高(P＜0.05),HR、CVP和SVRI差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),B组T1-4时MAP、CI和SVRI升高,HR、MPAP、PCWP、CVP和PVRI降低(P＜0.05);与R组比较,B组MAP、CI和SVRI升高,HR、MPAP、PCWP、PVRI和CVP降低(P＜0.05).结论 双心房输注可降低二尖瓣置换术患者体外循环后肺动脉压和肺血管阻力.     

Values of the bispectral index do not parallel the hemodynamic response to the rapid increase in isoflurane concentration

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in hemodynamic variables and bispectral index (BIS) in response to a rapid increase in isoflurane or sevoflurane concentration. METHOD: Thirty adult patients were anesthetized with either isoflurane (isoflurane group) or sevoflurane (sevoflurane group). Two minutes after induction of anesthesia with thiamylal, the inspired concentrations of isoflurane and sevoflurane were rapidly increased from 0.5 minimum alveolar anaesthetic concentration (MAC) to 3 MAC and maintained for five minutes. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and BIS were measured every minute. RESULTS: An increase in the anesthetic concentration caused increases in HR and MAP in the isoflurane group and a decrease in MAP in the sevoflurane group. Consequently, HR and MAP in the isoflurane group were significantly higher than those in the sevoflurane group. After inhalation of high concentrations, BIS significantly and progressively decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION: BIS values decrease after a step increase in volatile agent concentration, whether or not a hyperdynamic action occurs.     

梗阻性黄疸患者全身和门静脉血流动力学变化及消炎痛的调节作用

为探讨梗阻性黄疸和胆囊结石患者全身和门静脉的血流动力学变化及消炎痛的调节作用，作者将73例梗阻性黄疸患者（A组）分为＜60岁非消炎痛组（A1组）、消炎痛术前组（A2组）、消炎痛术后组（A3组）和老年梗阻组（A6组），检测其全身和门静脉血流动力学变化，并与胆囊结石（B组）患者比较。结果：梗阻性黄疸各亚组每搏量、心输出量和心脏指数均显著高于B组（P＜0．01）；平均动脉压、周围血管阻力和门脉血流显著低于B组（P＜0．01）；A2、A3两组与其余各亚组比较，其平均动脉压、周围血管阻力和门脉血流虽有显著改善，但与B组比较仍有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。提示消炎痛有改善梗阻性黄疸患者循环功能、门脉血流和肝功能的作用。     

Importance of relative pulmonary hypertension in cardiac surgery: the mean systemic-to-pulmonary artery pressure ratio

OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of the mean arterial pressure-to-mean pulmonary artery pressure ratio (MAP/MPAP) in cardiac surgical patients. DESIGN: Retrospective and prospective studies (3 groups). SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Cardiac surgical patients (1,557). INTERVENTION: Retrospective analysis (group 1), induction of general anesthesia (group 2), and transesophageal Doppler echocardiography (group 3). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In group 1 (n = 1,439), demographic, hemodynamic, and other perioperative variables were collected with follow-up until hospital discharge. The primary outcome was a composite index of hemodynamic complications that included death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, use of vasopressive drugs for >24 hours postoperatively, or the use of an intra-aortic balloon pump that was not present preoperatively. In group 2 (n = 34), the effect of general anesthesia on the MAP/MPAP ratio was studied, and Doppler echocardiography was used to evaluate diastolic profiles in group 3 (n = 74). In group 1, a total of 302 patients experienced hemodynamic complications (21%). The MAP/MPAP ratio was significantly lower in the patients who developed complications (3.3 +/- 1.3 v 4.0 +/- 1.4, p < 0.0001). Multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis showed the MAP/MPAP ratio to be an independent predictor of hemodynamic complications (p < 0.0001). In group 2, the induction of anesthesia decreased both MAP and MPAP, but the ratio remain unchanged (p = 0.242). In group 3, patients with moderate-to-severe diastolic dysfunction (DD) had a lower ratio (3.5 +/- 0.9 v 4.0 +/- 1.1 compared with those with normal-to-mild DD, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION: The MAP/MPAP ratio is a useful hemodynamic variable in cardiac surgery. It can be used to predict hemodynamic complications after cardiac surgery, is not influenced by the induction of anesthesia, and tends to correlate with the severity of left ventricular diastolic profiles.     

Hemodynamic and organ blood flow responses to halothane and sevoflurane anesthesia during spontaneous ventilation.

This study compared systemic hemodynamic and organ blood flow responses to equipotent concentrations of halothane and sevoflurane during spontaneous ventilation in the rat. The MAC values for halothane and sevoflurane were determined. Cardiac output and organ blood flows were measured using radiolabeled microspheres. Measurements were obtained in awake rats (control values) and at 1.0 MAC halothane or sevoflurane. The MAC values (mean +/- SEM) for halothane and sevoflurane were 1.10% +/- 0.05% and 2.40% +/- 0.05%, respectively. The PaCO2 increased to a similar extent in both groups compared with control values. During halothane anesthesia, heart rate decreased by 12% (P < 0.01), cardiac index by 26% (P < 0.01), and mean arterial blood pressure by 18% (P < 0.01) compared with control values. Stroke volume index and systemic vascular resistance did not change. During sevoflurane anesthesia, hemodynamic variables remained unchanged compared with control values. Coronary blood flow decreased by 21% (P < 0.01) and renal blood flow by 18% (P < 0.01) at 1.0 MAC halothane, whereas both remained unchanged at 1.0 MAC sevoflurane. Cerebral blood flow increased to a greater extent with halothane (63%; P < 0.01) than with sevoflurane (35%; P < 0.05). During halothane anesthesia, hepatic arterial blood flow increased by 48% (P < 0.01), whereas portal tributary blood flow decreased by 28% (P < 0.01). During sevoflurane anesthesia, hepatic arterial blood flow increased by 70% (P < 0.01) without a concomitant reduction in portal tributary blood flow. Total liver blood flow decreased only with halothane (16%; P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

坐位后颅窝及上颈髓手术麻醉期间及出现空气栓塞时血液动力学变化

目的　研究后颅窝及上颈髓手术麻醉后坐位及空气栓塞时的血液动力学变化。方法２３例择期手术病人以羟丁酸钠－芬太尼－硫喷妥钠诱导,七氟醚吸入维持,采用Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管监测血液动力学变化。结果　坐位前 ＲＡＰ、ＳＶＲＩ增高（Ｐ＜０． ０５）,ＨＲ、ＣＩ、ＳＩ、ＬＶＷＩ、ＬＶＳＷＩ及 ＲＶＷＩ、ＲＶＳＷＩ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;坐起后及其后的３０～６０分钟ＣＩ、ＳＩ、ＲＶＷＩ、ＲＶＳＷＩ进一步减低（Ｐ＜０．０１或Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＳＶＲＩ继续增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）;坐位６０分钟后血液动力学各参数保持相对稳定;术毕改卧位后除ＳＩ及ＰＶＲＩ外,其余参数恢复至术前水平。本组９例病人出现空气栓塞,早期表现ＭＰＡＰ、ＰＣＷＰ显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｐ_（ＥＴ）ＣＯ_２显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而后ＰＶＲＩ、ＣＩ及ＬＶＷＩ、ＲＶＷＩ、ＲＶＳＷＩ显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）。经早期抽气处理,１０分钟后ＭＰＡＰ、ＰＣＷＰ及ＥＴＣＯ_２逐渐恢复至栓塞前水平,而 ＰＶＲＩ、ＣＩ、ＬＶＷＩ、ＲＶＷＩ、ＲＶＳＷＩ变化持续较长时间。结论坐位手术麻醉过程血液动力学前６０分钟波动较大,以后相对平稳;置入Ｓｗａｎ－Ｇａｎｚ导管可早期发现及处理空气栓塞,提     

Systemic, but not pulmonary, hemodynamics are depressed during combined high thoraco-cervical epidural and general anesthesia in dogs

PURPOSE: An epidural block is frequently combined with general anesthesia. Both systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics may be affected by high epidural anesthesia and the combined general anesthetic. These effects were investigated in a canine model. METHODS: Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics during a combined high thoraco-cervical epidural and general anesthesia were studied in dogs; the animals were anesthetized with propofol, 10 mg.kg(-1).hr(-1), or 2% sevoflurane, and then 1% mepivacaine, 5 mL, was injected epidurally between T1 and T2. Cardiac output (CO), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), electrocardiogram, and arterial and mixed venous gases were monitored for over 90 min after epidural mepivacaine. The interval between sevoflurane and propofol studies was two hours. RESULTS: Baseline measurement of MAP with sevoflurane anesthesia was significantly lower (P < 0.05-0.01) at every time point than with propofol anesthesia. After epidural mepivacaine (C1)-T7/8 blockade), MAP (P < 0.05-0.01), CO (P < 0.05-0.01), and heart rate (P < 0.05-0.01) decreased significantly during both propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia. In the sevoflurane group, stroke volume decreased significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) but recovered; however, MAP (P < 0.01) and CO (P < 0.05) did not recover 90 min after the injection. Mean CVP and systemic vascular resistance were not altered. There were no changes in mean PAP, mean PCWP, and pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSION: A combined high thoracic/general anesthesia depressed systemic hemodynamics, whereas the pulmonary circulation was not affected. The extent of the depression varied with the general anesthetics used, sevoflurane and propofol.     

体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者尼可地尔术前用药的心肌保护作用

目的 评价尼可地尔术前用药对体外循环(CPB)下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的心肌保护作用.方法 择期CPB下CABG患者30例,年龄45～64岁,体重45～90 kg,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级.随机分为2组(n=15):对照组(C组)和尼可地尔组(N组).N组麻醉前30 min口服尼可地尔10 mg,C组麻醉前不给予尼可地尔.于手术开始时(T1)、停CPB后即刻(T2)、30 min(T3)、60 min(T4)、术毕(T5)时记录HR、MAP、平均肺动脉压(MPAP)、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、中心静脉压(CVP)和心排血量(CO),计算每搏指数(SI)、左室每搏功指数(LVSWI)、右室每搏功指数(RVSWI)、周围血管阻力(SVR)和肺血管阻力(PVR).于麻醉诱导前(T0,基础状态)、T3、术后6 h(T6)、24 h(T7)时采集静脉血样8ml,采用ELLSA法测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)浓度.结果 与C组比较,N组T7时血清cTnⅠ浓度降低(P<0.05).与基础值比较,C组其余各时点血清cTnⅠ浓度升高(P<0.01),N组其余各时点血清cTnI浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与C组比较,N组SVR降低(P<0.05),其余血液动力学指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 术前30 min口服尼可地尔10 mg对体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术患者具有一定程度的心肌保护作用.