Susceptibility to tuberculosis: clues from studies with inbred and outbred New Zealand White rabbits

The rabbit model of tuberculosis (TB) is important because rabbits develop a disease that is similar to TB in humans, namely, granulomas with caseous necrosis, liquefaction, and cavities. We describe here a comparison of inbred and outbred New Zealand White rabbits infected by aerosol with either Mycobacterium tuberculosis Erdman or H37Rv strain. Five weeks after infection with either bacillary strain, the inbred rabbits had significantly larger pulmonary tubercles than did outbred rabbits (2.7 versus 1.4 mm in diameter; P < 0.01). After infection with H37Rv, the inbred rabbits had significantly more pulmonary tubercles than did the outbred rabbits (98 +/- 12 versus 33 +/- 13; P < 0.01), with more mycobacterial CFU per tubercle (809 +/- 210 versus 215 +/- 115; P = 0.027) (means +/- standard errors of the means). Compared with histologic examination of lung granulomas from outbred rabbits, histologic examination of those from inbred rabbits showed more caseous necrosis, more visible bacilli, and fewer mature epithelioid cells. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to intradermal tuberculin were significantly lower, and peritoneal macrophages from uninfected inbred rabbits produced significantly less tumor necrosis factor alpha after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro than those from the outbred rabbits (2,413 +/- 1,154 versus 8,879 +/- 966 pg/ml). We conclude that these inbred rabbits were more susceptible to TB than their outbred counterparts and had an impaired ability to contain disease, resulting in more grossly visible tubercles that were larger than those observed in outbred rabbits. Preliminary evidence is presented for a cell-mediated immune defect with lower DTH responses and macrophages that have a decreased ability to respond to in vitro stimulation with LPS or M. tuberculosis infection.     

输精管结扎家兔自身免疫反应的实验研究

33只成年雄兔行双侧输精管结扎手术后,进行连续12个月的免疫学观察。7只同龄雄兔作为空白对照。结果表明,间接血凝试验69.7%结扎组家兔检测出抗精子抗体,滴度范围为1:5～1:1280;间接免疫荧光测定有90.9%的实验组家兔测出抗精子抗体。白细胞粘附抑制实验呈阳性反应者占实验组家兔的43.5%,与对照组比较差异显著。应用PEG光密度和抗补体法测定CIC均里阴性。输精管结扎后第3个月附睾肿胀者占45%,第5—7个月达70%,之后逐渐消退。而与此同时抗精子抗体阳性检出率明显增高,故可推断精子抗原主要经附睾入血,作用于免疫系统导致体液与细胞免疫反应。结扎组家兔胸腺、脾、淋巴结呈明显的增生现象支持这一结论。     

Effects of diltiazem on suppression and regression of experimental atherosclerosis

The effects of diltiazem (a calcium antagonist) on the suppression and regression of atherosclerosis were studied. Thirty-one rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol (atherogenic) diet together with saline (n = 22) or diltiazem (n = 9) injections. After 10 weeks, seven rabbits that received saline and nine rabbits that received diltiazem were killed. The remaining 15 saline-treated rabbits were then put on a standard (regression) diet for the next 15 weeks with saline (n = 7) or diltiazem (n = 8) injections. Sixteen rabbits given a standard diet were used as controls. At 5 and 10 weeks, the plasma LDL cholesterol level in rabbits on the atherogenic diet with diltiazem was significantly lower than in those on the atherogenic diet with saline. The aortic total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and calcium contents were also significantly lower in rabbits on the atherogenic diet with diltiazem. After 25 weeks (15 weeks on the regression diet), the differences in aortic total cholesterol and calcium contents between the two groups on the regression diet were not significant; however, the aortic esterified cholesterol content was significantly lower in the regression diet with diltiazem. The results suggest that diltiazem has a favourable effect both on regression and on suppression of atherosclerosis.     

Pharmacokinetics of tolbutamide after oral administration in rabbits with folate-induced renal failure

The pharmacokinetic changes of tolbutamide were studied after oral administration to normal rabbits and mild and medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits. Tolbutmide 50 mg/kg was orally administered to the rabbits. The plasma concentrations of tolbutamide were significantly increased (p<0.05) at 9 to 24 hr in mild and medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits compared with those in normal rabbits. Therefore, the area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) was significantly higher (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively) in mild and medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits (2906 microg/ml x hr and 4074 microg/ml x hr) than that in normal rabbits (2295 microg/ml x hr). The cumulative urinary excretion of tolbutamide was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits (3.3 mg) compared with the normal rabbits (5.9 mg). The elimination rate constant (Kel) of tolbutamide was significantly slower in medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits (0.027 hr(-1)) than that in normal rabbits(0.044 hr(-1)). The terminal half-life of tolbutamide in medium folate-induced renal failure rabbits (25.5 hr) was significantly longer (p<0.01) than in normal rabbits (15.7 hr). These results could be considered as possibly due to inhibited excretion of tolbutamide metabolites or retarded metabolism of tolbutamide.     

Improved protection against cholera in adult rabbits with a combined flagellar-toxoid vaccine.

Ligated ileal loops of adult rabbits were used to evaluate the prophylactic potential against cholera of a combined vaccine consisting of toxin-free crude flagella (CF) and glutaraldehyde-derived cholera toxoid (TV). The resulting fluid accumulation ratios were compared with those in rabbits immunized with saline (controls) and with CF and TV alone. Data for single vaccines confirmed the superior protection effect of CF over TV. In rabbits vaccinated with both CF and TV, maximal fluid accumulation ratios were not obtained with a challenge dose as high as 5 X 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU). Two rabbits similarly immunized failed to produce positive loops with challenges of 6.3 X 10(8) and 5 X 10(9) CFU, respectively. The vibriocidal titer of serum from rabbits immunized with a killed commercial vaccine in addition to those listed above was determined at intervals for a period of 164 days. No vibriocidal activity was detected in serum of control rabbits and of rabbits vaccinated with TV. Serum from animals given CF or commercial vaccine had similar vibriocidal titers even when the test bacteria were nonflagellated. Protection against challenge as evaluated by ileal loops did not, however, correlate with vibriocidal titer.     

Lipid metabolism abnormalities in alcohol-treated rabbits: a morphometric and haematologic study comparing high and low alcohol doses

The pathogenesis of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the morphological changes in bone marrow fat cells and the changes in the serum lipid levels in alcohol-treated rabbits. Fifteen rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups: Four rabbits intragastrically received low-dose alcohol (LDA) (15 ml/kg per day) containing 15% ethanol for 4 weeks, five rabbits received high-dose alcohol (HDA) (30 ml/kg per day) for 4 weeks and six rabbits received physiologic saline for 4 weeks as a control group. Six weeks after the initial alcohol administration, all rabbits were sacrificed. The mean size of the bone marrow fat cells in rabbits treated with HDA was significantly larger than that in the control group (P = 0.0001). Haematologically, the levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the rabbits treated with both low-dose and HDA were significantly higher than those in the control group (P = 0.001 for both comparisons). The results of this study are that there are lipid metabolism abnormalities, both morphologically and haematologically, after alcohol administration. Also these findings were more apparent in rabbits treated with HDA than those treated with LDA.     

Effects of diltiazem on suppression and regression of experimental atherosclerosis.

The effects of diltiazem (a calcium antagonist) on the suppression and regression of atherosclerosis were studied. Thirty-one rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol (atherogenic) diet together with saline (n = 22) or diltiazem (n = 9) injections. After 10 weeks, seven rabbits that received saline and nine rabbits that received diltiazem were killed. The remaining 15 saline-treated rabbits were then put on a standard (regression) diet for the next 15 weeks with saline (n = 7) or diltiazem (n = 8) injections. Sixteen rabbits given a standard diet were used as controls. At 5 and 10 weeks, the plasma LDL cholesterol level in rabbits on the atherogenic diet with diltiazem was significantly lower than in those on the atherogenic diet with saline. The aortic total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and calcium contents were also significantly lower in rabbits on the atherogenic diet with diltiazem. After 25 weeks (15 weeks on the regression diet), the differences in aortic total cholesterol and calcium contents between the two groups on the regression diet were not significant; however, the aortic esterified cholesterol content was significantly lower in the regression diet with diltiazem. The results suggest that diltiazem has a favourable effect both on regression and on suppression of atherosclerosis.     

Response of syphilitic rabbits to reinfection with homologous and heterologous Treponema pallidum strains.

Rabbits infected intradermally with 10(3) Treponema pallidum (Melbourne 1) cells were examined for their susceptibility to reinfection with 10(2) T. pallidum cells (homologous or heterologous strains) at various intervals after the initial infection. At 2.5 weeks after infection, the rabbits were extremely sensitive to reinfection and developed syphilitic lesions significantly faster (i.e., shorter latent periods) than control rabbits that had not received the initial infection. This phenomenon may represent a state of immunosuppression or hypersensitivity in the infected rabbits. Whatever its etiology (at present unknown), it was a transient state since at 5 weeks after infection the rabbits were no longer different from control rabbits in their susceptibility to reinfection. They showed neither immunity (i.e., longer latent periods) nor immunosuppression or hypersensitivity (shorter latent periods) upon reinfection. At 6.5 weeks after infection, two of the three experimental rabbits were fully immune (no lesions upon reinfection), whereas the other rabbit exhibited immunosuppression or hypersensitivity upon reinfection. At 7.5 and 10 weeks after infection, all of the experimental rabbits were immune to reinfection. We conclude that syphilitic rabbits show a biphasic response to reinfection, consisting of an early phase of enhanced sensitivity to T. pallidum and a later phase of immunity to T. pallidum.     

普伐他汀与华法林联合应用对兔激素性股骨头坏死的影响

目的: 探讨普伐他汀联合华法林对兔激素性股骨头坏死(SIONF)的影响。方法: 成年健康日本雌性大白兔48只,随机分为3组,对照组(CTR组)12只,激素性股骨头坏死模型组(SIONF组)18只,普伐他汀华法林治疗组(PW组)18只。SIONF组和PW组一次性肌肉注射甲基强的松龙(20 mg·kg^-1)建立兔SIONF模型,CTR组仅肌注等量生理盐水。PW组口服普伐他汀2.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,华法林1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1。于实验前及实验后2、4、6、8、10、12周随机抽取动物每组2只采血测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血浆凝血原时间(PT)及活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。在后4个时点同时行双侧髋关节X线摄片,随后处死动物,行骨组织形态学及透射电镜检查,检测3组SIONF发生率。结果: 从实验第6周开始到实验终点,与CTR组比较,PW组TC增高(P<0.05),但较SIONF组低(P<0.05),SIONF组TC显著高于CTR组(P<0.01)。3组TG水平有类似TC变化。从实验第2周开始,PW组PT较CTR组及SIONF组明显延长(P<0.01),反之,SIONF组显著缩短(P<0.01)。APTT 3组之间有类似PT的变化。骨组织形态学及影像学显示,与SIONF组比较,PW组股骨头髓内基质脂肪转化率及骨陷窝空虚率显著减少,未见血栓形成,骨细胞核固缩及自溶现象明显减轻。PW组SIONF发生率31%(5/16)显著低于SIONF组63%(10/16)(P<0.05)。结论: 普伐他汀与华法林联合应用能减少兔SIONF发生,这可能与其改善高脂高凝状态有关。     

Respiratory infection in lipid-fed rabbits enhances sudanophilia and the expression of VCAM-1.

The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been related to infection of the arterial wall, but it is not clear whether this occurs before or after the development of lipid-containing lesions. Respiratory bacterial infection increases the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). We therefore examined whether a similar infection would enhance atherosclerosis in New Zealand White rabbits fed chow supplemented by 15% (w/w) egg yolk for 50 days. Rabbits with naturally acquired respiratory infection by Pasteurella multocida, pathogen-free (SPF) animals infected by P. multocida in the laboratory, and age-matched SPF rabbits maintained in a disease-free environment were used. Endothelial cells expressing VCAM-1 in the aorta between intercostal arteries 3 and 5 were identified using anti-VCAM-1 (Rb1/9) and an alkaline-phosphatase-linked secondary antibody and quantified in Häutchen preparations. The remainder of the aorta was stained with Sudan IV to show lipid deposition. The expression of VCAM-1 (mean +/- SEM per 10,000 cells) was 22 +/- 8 (n = 5) in the lipid-fed SPF rabbits, significantly different from that in the lipid-fed rabbits with naturally occurring infection (190 +/- 51 (n = 5)) or from rabbits infected in the laboratory (106 +/- 25 (n = 5)). The extent of Sudanophilia was significantly greater in the naturally infected rabbits (8.3 +/- 1.2%) or infected SPF rabbits (10.3 +/- 1.8%) than in the SPF rabbits (2.7 +/- 0.8%; P < 0.05). Antibiotic treatment in naturally infected rabbits reduced the number of cells expressing VCAM-1 and the extent of the Sudanophilia to baseline levels. Thus, Sudanophilia is enhanced by bacterial infection in rabbits fed egg yolk and is associated with a significant increase in VCAM-1.     

Effects of cingulate cortical lesions on avoidance learning and training-induced unit activity in rabbits

Summary This study extends an ongoing analysis of the neural mediation of discriminative avoidance learning in rabbits. Electrolytic lesions encompassing anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (area 24 and 29) or ibotenic acid lesions in area 24 only were made prior to avoidance conditioning wherein rabbits learned to step in response to a tone conditional stimulus (CS+) in order to avoid a brief, response-terminated 1.5 mA. foot-shock unconditional stimulus (US). The US was presented 5 s after CS+ onset, in the absence of a prior stepping response. The rabbits also learned to ignore a different tone (CS-) not followed by the US. Multi-unit activity of the caudate and medial dorsal (MD) thalamic nuclei, projection targets of the cingulate cortex, was recorded during learning in all rabbits. Activity was also recorded in area 29 in the rabbits with area 24 lesions. Learning in rabbits with combined lesions was severely impaired and it was moderately retarded after lesions in area 24. MD thalamic and caudate training-induced neuronal discharge increments elicited by the CS+ were enhanced in rabbits with lesions, suggesting a suppressive influence of cingulate cortical projections on this activity. Early-, but not late-developing training-induced unit activity in area 29c/d was absent in rabbits with area 24 lesions, indicating that area 24 is a source of early-developing area 29 plasticity. These results are consistent with hypotheses of a theoretical working model, stating that: a) learning depends on the integrity of two functional systems, a mnemonic recency system comprised by circuitry involving area 24 and the MD nucleus and a mnemonic primacy system comprised by circuitry involving area 29 and the anterior thalamic nuclei; b) corticothalamic information flow in these systems suppresses thalamic CS elicited activity in trained rabbits; c) corticostriatal information flow is involved in avoidance response initiation. An absence of rhythmic theta-like neuronal bursts in area 29b in rabbits with area 24 lesions is attributable to passing fiber damage.     

Increased lipopolysaccharide-induced tumour necrosis factor levels and death in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits.

Nutritional-induced hypercholesterolaemia in New Zealand rabbits causes increased susceptibility to experimental infections. Rabbits fed cholesterol (0.5 g%) for 8 weeks were injected intravenously with varying doses of Escherichia coli 0127: B8 lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3-100 micrograms/kg). The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and the survival rates of treated rabbits were then measured. Rabbits fed either normal chow or chow impregnated with sesame oil were used as controls. LPS induced higher serum TNF levels in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits than in normal rabbits or rabbits fed with chow containing sesame oil. TNF levels rose faster in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits than in normal rabbits, reaching maximum levels at 60 min and 120 min, respectively, after LPS injection. The survival rate of hypercholesterolaemic rabbits (1/11) was lower than in normal rabbits (6/7) or rabbits fed with the sesame oil chow (4/4) at the higher LPS doses. No death occurred at lower doses. One possible interpretation of these results, also supported by neutralization experiments, is that increased TNF secretion in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits raises the host's susceptibility to experimental endotoxaemia and possibly to Gram-negative infection.     

Rate of clearance of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols) from the blood stream of normal, Mycobacterium bovis BCG-treated, and immune syphilitic rabbits.

The rate of clearance of virulent Treponema pallidum (Nichols) from the blood stream of normal rabbits and rabbits previously treated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG was similar, there being treponemes still circulating 8 h after intravenous inoculation. In contrast, immune syphilitic rabbits cleared the virulent treponemes within 1 to 2 hours. Rabbits with passive humoral immunity to T. pallidum (after the transfer of 70 ml of immune serum) showed a similar clearance rate to that of the immune rabbits. Rabbits previously treated with BCG and with passive humoral immunity did not show a synergistic enhanced clearance rate, it being similar to that of immune rabbits.     

The neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the hippocampal formation of cigarette smoke exposed rabbits

BACKGROUND: In this study, the neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in the hippocampus of cigarette smoke exposed rabbits were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were used as experimental subjects and divided into three equal groups. The control group (Group A) was exposed to clean air. Rabbits in the cigarette smoke (CS) group (Group B) were exposed to cigarette smoke 1 hour daily in a room within a glass chamber for 4 weeks. Animals in the CS+CAPE group (Group C) were exposed to cigarette smoke as in Group B and administered CAPE (10 micromol/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 4 weeks just before the exposure to cigarette smoke. Rabbits in all three groups were sacrificed with intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg sodium pentothal and their brains were removed immediately. In the hippocampal formation samples of left hemispheres, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured and the number of apoptotic neurons was counted by 'terminal transferase dUTP nick end labelling' (TUNEL) assay in the right hippocampal formation. RESULTS: We found that MDA levels increased significantly in the Group B rabbits compared with the control group (Group A; p = 0.001). In contrast, SOD activities decreased significantly in Group B rabbits compared with the control group (p = 0.001). In the CAPE treated rabbits (Group C), MDA levels decreased and SOD activities increased significantly as compared with Group B rabbits (p = 0.002, p = 0.002, respectively). The number of apoptotic neurons (TUNEL+) in the CA1, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus areas of rabbits' hippocampal formation were significantly increased in Group B rabbits compared with the control group. On the other hand, the number of apoptotic neurons in the hippocampus areas was decreased significantly in Group C rabbits compared with Group B rabbits. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cigarette smoking induces apoptosis in the hippocampal formation of rabbits and CAPE has a protective role against this induction.     

Impairment of cingulothalamic learning-related neuronal coding in rabbits exposed to cocaine in utero: general and sex-specific effects

Neuronal activity was recorded in the cingulate cortex and the limbic thalamus in Dutch-belted rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) exposed to cocaine (8 mg/kg/day i.v.) or saline in utero during acquisition and reversal learning of a discriminative avoidance response. Anterior cingulate cortical excitatory training-induced activity (TIA) was attenuated in cocaine-exposed female rabbits during acquisition and reversal learning, but only during reversal learning in male rabbits. Posterior cingulate cortical excitatory TIA was lessened in cocaine-exposed rabbits during acquisition, whereas discrimination between the positive and negative cues was enhanced. Neuronal firing was attenuated in the anterior ventral thalamus in cocaine-exposed rabbits during acquisition and reversal learning. Behavioral learning was normal in cocaine-exposed rabbits. Other data suggest that rabbits exposed to cocaine in utero exhibit a learning deficit when trained with nonsalient cues.     

IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RABBIT ANTIBODIES IN MEMBRANOUS GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Four of 15 rabbits, injected with hen's egg albumin (EA) intramuscularly once a week for a period in excess of 12 weeks, developed membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). It was demonstrated that the quantities and qualities of antibodies produced in the MGN rabbits were different than those of non-membranous glomerulonephritis (non-MGN) rabbits. MGN rabbits produced small to moderate amounts of total antibodies and precipitating antibodies as measured by antigen-binding capacity (ABC-33) of Farr's method and precipitation with radioactive antigen (P-80), particularly after 12 weeks of immunization. The precipitating efficiencies of the antibodies in their sera declines remarkably and their avidity were lower than those of non-MGN rabbits late in the course of immunization. MGN rabbits formed relatively small antigen-antibody complexes after intravenous injection of antigen, which were slowly removed from their circulation. From these results, it was concluded that the properties of antibodies correlated closely with the development of MGN.     

银杏叶制剂对急性肾功能衰竭兔心肌缺血的保护作用

目的 探讨银杏叶制剂（Ginkgo bilobal Extraction，GbE）对急性肾功能衰竭（Acute renal failture，ARF）兔心肌缺血的保护作用。方法 实验分为3组。对照组（8只）：用生理盐水10ml／kg行后肢肌肉内加压注射。ARF组（12只）：用50％甘油10ml／kg行后肢肌肉内加压注射。GbE组（8只）于注射甘油前0．5h腹腔注射GbE15mg／kg，每6h重复一次。检测各组不同时相血小板聚集功能、PGI2、TXA2、内皮素（Endothelins，ET）等指标以及心肌组织形态学变化。结果 2、24h时：ARF组与对照组比较，血小板聚集率明显增高（P〈0．01），TXA2、ET明显升高（P〈0．01），6-Keto-PGF1α明显降低（P〈0．01），心肌组织出现严重的缺血性损害；GbE组与对照组比较上述指标则无显著性差异；GbE组与ARF组比较，血小板聚集率则明显降低（P〈0．01），TXA2、ET明显降低（P均〈0．01），6-Keto-PGF1α明显升高（P〈0．01），心肌组织缺血性损害明显减轻。结论 1、ARF时血小板聚集率明显增高，TXA2、ET水平明显升高。2、ARF兔心肌组织发生严重的缺血性损害。3、GbE对ARF兔心肌组织缺血性损害有明显的保护作用。     

'Gelbsilber' rabbits: a closed colony of high responders to the lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH-H4. Possible mechanisms controlling the response.

'Gelbsilber' (GS) rabbits which had been maintained for an unknown time as a closed colony, were found to respond uniformly well to the pig lactic dehydrogenase isoenzyme of the H4 type (P-LDH-H4), to which most New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits produced no detectable antibody. Two to three per cent of the splenic lymphoid cells of GS rabbits after secondary immunization were found to produce antibody to P-LDH-H4, while no such cells were detected in NZW rabbits. No differences were detected between the electrophoretic mobility of endogenous LDH of GS and NZE rabbits. The immunoglobulins of GS rabbits were heterogeneous with respect to immunoglobulin light and heavy chain allotypes. It was concluded that in GS rabbits the response to LDH-H4 is controlled by and Ir gene and that these animals might be useful in studying the genetic control of the immune response in rabbits.     

Delayed-type hypersensitivity in rabbits. Comparison of the adjuvants dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide and Freund's complete adjuvant

Injection of rabbits with antigen mixed with the cationic surface-active lipid dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA) induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH), which could be measured as skin reactions and was confirmed by histology of the skin test sites. 1 week after injection of a conjugate of bovine serum albumine (BSA) with dinitrophenol (DNP30-BSAj) mixed with DDA, DH was detectable in most but not in all rabbits. Similar results were obtained using FCA as adjuvant. The animals treated with the latter adjuvant, however, produced a long-lasting DH (1-3 weeks) complicated by circulating anti-DNP antibodies (Arthus-type reactions). Skin testing with heterologous hapten-carrier complexes revealed that individual rabbits immunized with DNP30-BSA in DDA expressed DH with different reaction patterns, either to hapten, carrier or both. In conclusion, DDA is a useful adjuvant for the induction of a state of pure DH in rabbits. However, not all rabbits do respond, or respond similarly.     

贫血家兔红细胞寿命测定与膜蛋白形态学研究

目的：探讨溶血性贫血（溶贫）和再生生贫血（再障）发病过程中红细胞（ＲＢＣ）膜的构架蛋白与细胞寿命的关系。方法：制备杂种家贫血动物模型，用冷冻蚀刻电镜技术和形态计量法观察分析溶贫兔、再障兔和正常兔ＲＢＣ膜蛋白颗粒的形态、分布数量和大小。并用＾５１Ｃｒ标记技术检测ＲＢＣ寿命。结果：溶贫兔和再障兔ＲＢＣ质量片劈裂面和外片劈裂面均见蛋白颗粒呈约莫钱状、丛簇状分布，数量较正常兔减少（Ｐ〈０．０１）内外片劈裂