超声心动图在二尖瓣置换术后远期心功能不全病因诊断中的应用

 目的探索超声心动图在二尖瓣置换(MVR)术后远期心功能不全病因诊断中的作用。方法超声随访44例MVR患者术后3个月～13.5a,并根据手术的远期效果,分为心功能不全组(A组)和康复组(B组)。除注意人工瓣和自然瓣的病变外,还分析了这2组手术前后左房、左室内径及左室射血分数(EF)的差异。结果超声显示A组二尖瓣位单组或伴主动脉瓣位双组人工瓣异常5例,其它自然瓣明显病变11例。术后A组的左室内径明显大于B组(P＜0.05),EF值明显小于B组(P＜0.01)。超声心动图提供的信息为36.4％心功能不全代偿期和66.7％失代偿期患者诊断出了导致心功能障碍的主要原因。结论MVR手术前后超声检查对术后远期心功能不全的诊断具有实用价值。     

冠状动脉介入治疗冠心病合并左心功能不全（附30例）

目的：分析冠心病合并左心功能不全患者介入治疗术临床疗效。方法：53例冠心病合并左心功能不全（LVEF〈50%）患者,介入组30例行冠脉内支架治疗,保守组23例行药物保守治疗。所有患者均于术前及术后6个月接受超声心动图检查,通过超声心动图观察两组的心功能变化。结果：与保守治疗组比较,介入治疗组在LVEF,缩小扩大的左心腔有明显的变化,术后运动耐量明显增加,生活质量明显改善。6min步行距离显著增加（P〈0.05）。结论：冠状动脉介入治疗对于合并左心功能不全的冠心病患者是一种安全有效的治疗方法,使患者心功能改善。     

小剂量螺内酯联合卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效观察

 目的 探讨小剂量螺内酯联合卡维地洛治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的临床疗效.方法 将136例CHF患者随机分为两组,每组68例,两组均使用常规治疗,观察组再加用小剂量螺内酯和卡维地洛治疗,随访10个月,评估心功能分级变化,超声心动图测量左室舒张末期内径(LVDD),左室收缩末期内径(LVSD),左室射血分数(LVEF),每搏输出量(SV),心脏指数(CI).结果 (1)两组治疗后均有效,观察组心功能改善显著,总有效率明显优于对照组(92.5% VS 73.5%,P＜0.05),(2)观察组超声心动图测量的各项指标变化显著.结论 CHF患者长期使用小剂量螺内酯和卡维地洛有益于改善心功能,提高生活质量.     

飞行人员立位耐力不良与小心脏的研究

按照X线片心胸比小于0.40;心脏阴影横径小于12cm;超声心动图左室舒张末内径小于4.2cm;γ-核素心排血指数小于3.0mm/cm,被诊断为小心脏之飞行员10例(丙组),与心脏正常而立位耐力不正常之飞行员(乙组)和心脏正常,立位耐力也正常之飞行员(甲组)比较,在立位耐力试验中从站立即刻起,丙组心率     

婴儿孤立性二尖瓣瓣上狭窄环的影像学诊断（附三例报告）

目的：分析孤立性二尖瓣瓣上狭窄环的影像学特征。材料与方法：３例婴儿二尖瓣瓣上狭窄环病例均进行胸部平片、超声心动图检查，其中２例行心血管造影检查。结果：（１）胸片显示肺静脉高压；（２）胸骨旁及心尖长轴位心动超声图确定左房内异常隔膜形成的回声增强亮带；（３）选择性肺动脉造影或左房造影清楚地证实左房内的隔膜影；（４）４支肺静脉及左心耳均位于左房隔膜上腔内。结论：超声心动图是诊断本病的首选方法，对于复杂的病例应进行心血管造影     

心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流的影像诊断(附2例报告)

目的探讨心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流(心上型TAPVC)的影像学诊断。方法回顾性分析2例经手术证实的心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流的心脏X线片,超声心动图及1例心血管造影的影像表现,并结合文献探讨心上型TAPVC的影像诊断。结果2例X线表现为肺充血,心脏呈“8”字型,右房右室增大;彩色超声心动图显示右房右室增大,ASD,畸形垂直静脉与增粗的左无名静脉相通;1例心血管造影见造影剂经畸形的共同肺静脉通过垂直静脉流入左无名静脉再流回右心房,并见房间隔缺损(ASD)。结论心上型完全型肺静脉异位引流的影像学表现有特异性,影像学检查能确诊本病。     

高频超声诊断肋骨骨折的临床价值

 目的 探讨高频超声诊断肋骨骨折的临床应用价值.方法 采用频率10.0 MHz的超声探头对X线胸片已明确肋骨骨折但临床仍怀疑其它部位肋骨骨折患者48例和X线胸片未检出而临床高度怀疑肋骨骨折患者15例进行检查.结果 63例92处肋骨骨折X线胸片检出59处,漏诊33处,其中22处位于前肋;2例3处X线胸片已检出肋骨骨折,因皮下气肿或皮肤伤口超声未能显示.高频超声肋骨骨折检出率为96.7%.结论 高频超声诊断肋骨骨折具有很重要的临床应用价值,与X线胸片结合能明显提高肋骨骨折的诊断符合率.     

肺动脉吊带超声心动图诊断的临床价值探讨

目的分析32例左肺动脉吊带患儿的临床特点及超声心动图表现。方法选取经手术证实的32例左肺动脉吊带患儿为研究对象,回顾分析其临床特征,重点分析超声心动图特征。结果术前经胸超声心动图诊断左肺动脉吊带31例,诊断正确率96.9%,1例漏诊,合并其他心血管畸形29例;CT诊断正确率100%,CT除显示吊带外还可观察肺动脉分支远端发育情况;术前用纤支镜检查支气管狭窄程度。32例患儿均进行手术治疗,术后5例死亡,27例临床痊愈出院。32例患儿术后第一日复查超声心动图左肺动脉内径、流速、左肺动脉与右肺动脉内径比值、左肺动脉与肺总动脉内径比值与术前比较统计学均无显著差异。结论超声心动图、CT是诊断肺动脉吊带的主要检查手段,肺动脉吊带一经诊断,应尽早手术治疗,但手术只是左肺动脉单纯的移位,并不能有效解决肺动脉分支狭窄的情况。     

心肌致密化不全的超声心动图诊断（附5例分析）

目的 :观察心肌致密化不全的心内结构特点及心功能情况。材料和方法 :回顾性分析 5例心肌致密化不全患者的超声心动图及临床表现。结果 :4例患者致密化不全的心肌受累范围偏小 ,局限在整个心尖部或左室侧壁心尖部 ,左心室内径正常 ,左室整体收缩功能正常 ,舒张功能轻度减低 2例 ;1例患者致密化不全的心肌受累范围较大 ,伴前间壁心梗 ,室壁明显变薄 ,左室收缩功能减低。结论 :超声心动图对心肌致密化不全可以做出明确诊断。     

儿童原发隔异位型肺静脉异位引流的超声心动图诊断

目的探讨超声心动图对原发隔异位(malposition of septum primum,MSP)型肺静脉异位引流的诊断价值。方法回顾分析7名MSP儿童的超声心动图征象,并于CTA和胸外科直视手术结果比较。结果6例(85.7%)超声诊断正确,1例误诊为单心房。1例合并部分性肺静脉异位引流,6例合并完全性肺静脉异位引流。超声心动图显示所有肺静脉均开口于解剖左房后壁,因原发隔异位导致肺静脉异常引流入右房。剑突下冠状、剑突下矢状、心尖四腔、胸骨旁短轴切面可清晰显示继发隔上边缘带缺如以及原发隔不同程度左移。结论超声心动图作为一种非创伤性的检查手段,能正确诊断原发隔异位,为该病的进一步诊断与治疗提供更多信息。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.