Bundle brunch reentrant ventricular tachycardia with two distinct conduction patterns in a patient with complete right bundle branch block

We report a rare case of bundle branch reentrant ventricular tachycardia [BBRVT]. A 67-year-old female was admitted for management of wide QRS tachycardia (right bundle branch block [RBBB] and a southwest axis). The mapping procedure revealed the tachycardia circuit consisted of the left anterior fascicle (LAF) as an antegrade, and the right bundle as a retrograde pathway. She presented RBBB during sinus rhythm. LAF ablation changed the tachycardia configuration to a northwest axis and prolonged the cycle length. Left posterior fascicle ablation terminated the tachycardia, and complete atrioventricular block occurred, which showed the unidirectional conduction over the right bundle.     

超声心动图评价二瓣化主动脉瓣瓣膜功能

目的 探讨超声心动图在二瓣化主动脉瓣病理生理进展评价中的应用,分析二瓣化主动脉瓣各年龄瓣膜病变的程度.方法 回顾性分析135例二瓣化主动脉瓣患者超声资料及病例资料,结合临床资料分析患者病程进展中瓣膜功能的变化.结果 二瓣化主动脉瓣关闭不全最常见,本组资料中为68例(50%),单纯狭窄仅19例(14%).狭窄并关闭不全者29例(22%),瓣膜功能正常者19例(14%).各年龄组内主动脉瓣病变均以关闭不全多见.病程晚期的手术患者各年龄组内主动脉病变亦均以关闭不全为主.结论 超声心动图能对主动脉瓣的病变作出早期诊断.二瓣化主动脉瓣最常见的瓣膜病变是主动脉瓣关闭不全.     

超声心动图评价二瓣化主动脉瓣瓣膜功能

目的 探讨超声心动图在二瓣化主动脉瓣病理生理进展评价中的应用,分析二瓣化主动脉瓣各年龄瓣膜病变的程度.方法 回顾性分析135例二瓣化主动脉瓣患者超声资料及病例资料,结合临床资料分析患者病程进展中瓣膜功能的变化.结果 二瓣化主动脉瓣关闭不全最常见,本组资料中为68例(50%),单纯狭窄仅19例(14%).狭窄并关闭不全者29例(22%),瓣膜功能正常者19例(14%).各年龄组内主动脉瓣病变均以关闭不全多见.病程晚期的手术患者各年龄组内主动脉病变亦均以关闭不全为主.结论 超声心动图能对主动脉瓣的病变作出早期诊断.二瓣化主动脉瓣最常见的瓣膜病变是主动脉瓣关闭不全.     

Association of aortic distensibility and left ventricular function in patients with stenotic bicuspid aortic valve and preserved ejection fraction: a CMR study

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging - To determine the relationship between aortic distensibility and left ventricular (LV) remodeling, myocardial strain and blood biomarkers in...     

心肌分层应变评估二叶式主动脉瓣畸形左室收缩功能的可行性研究

目的探讨超声心动图心肌分层应变评估二叶式主动脉瓣畸形患者亚临床心肌损害的可行性。方法选择左室射血分数(LVEF)正常的二叶式主动脉瓣畸形患者104例,根据是否伴有瓣膜功能异常分为瓣膜功能正常者44例(A组)和瓣膜功能异常者60例(B组),另选50例健康志愿者为对照组。比较各组一般资料、常规超声心动图参数及心肌分层应变参数。随机选取20例患者进行观察者内和观察者间的重复性分析。结果 B组平均年龄明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组左室舒张末内径和升主动脉内径均较A组及对照组明显增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。A组全层心肌收缩期整体纵向应变峰值(LSavg)、外层心肌收缩期纵向应变峰值(LSepi)、内层心肌收缩期纵向应变峰值(LSendo)均较对照组明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);B组LSavg、LSepi、中层心肌收缩期纵向应变峰值、全层心肌收缩期整体圆周应变峰值、外层心肌收缩期圆周应变峰值、中层心肌收缩期圆周应变峰值均较对照组和A组明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);B组LSendo、内层心肌收缩期圆周应变峰值均较对照组明显减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。心肌分层应变评估左室心肌整体全层、各层心动周期纵向应变峰值及圆周应变峰值观察者内部和观察者间一致性限度为-6.0%~5.0%,组内相关系数均≥0.80。结论应用超声心动图心肌分层应变评估LVEF正常的二叶式主动脉瓣畸形左室外层及内层纵向应变峰值,有利于早期检出亚临床心肌损害。     

The significance of aortic valve calcification in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a common congenital heart disease. Our study was to analyze clinical features of BAV and evaluate whether aortic valve calcium score (AVCS) was a reliable marker for aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with BAV. 101 patients with BAV who both underwent echocardiology and cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan in our institution were included. Basic clinical data, haemodynamic feature, aortic valve and coronary calcium score were collected and compared among patients with different valve function and different degree of AS. Risk factors related to severe AS were evaluated by logistic regression, and a receiver operative characteristic curve was used to determine the cutoff calcium score greater than which the diagnosis of severe AS was optimized. Patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) were younger and demonstrated larger aortic annulus and sinus compared with patients with other valve dysfunction. Aortic valve calcium score was higher in patients with AS than with AR. For patients with different degree of AS, there were statistical significances in the value of age, aortic valve calcium score and coronary calcium score. AVCS was positively related to severe AS with an odd ratio of 1.286 (95 % CI 1.099–1.504) by every 300 points increase. AVCS was also a strong predictor for severe AS with area under the curve 0.855 with a cutoff value of 897 (sensitivity 86.7 %, specificity 72.2 %). Conclusively, aortic calcium score calculated by quantitative CT is a reliable marker in evaluating severity of AS.     

不同Sievers分型二叶主动脉瓣超声特征

目的 观察不同Sievers分型二叶主动脉瓣（BAV）患者的超声心动图表现特征。方法 回顾性分析121例BAV患者的临床及超声心动图检查资料。Sievers分型分为0型（无嵴）、1型（有一嵴）和2型（有双嵴）,其中1型分为3个亚型：1（L-R）亚型（左冠瓣与右冠瓣融合）,1（R-N）亚型（右冠瓣与无冠瓣融合）,1（N-L）亚型（左冠瓣与无冠瓣融合）。比较不同Sievers分型BVA患者主动脉内径超声测量值。结果 121例中,3例（3/121,2.48%） Sievers分型为0型;118例（118/121,97.52%）为1型,其中1（L-R）亚型80例（80/121,66.12%）,1（R-N）亚型33例（33/121,27.27%）,1（N-L）亚型5例（5/121,4.13%）;无2型患者。1（R-N）亚型主动脉瓣环及窦部内径均小于1（L-R）亚型（P=0.01、0.02）,1（L-R）、1（R-N）及1（N-L）亚型间主动脉瓣环、窦部、窦管结合部及升主动脉近端内径差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 Sievers分型为1（L-R）亚型在BAV患者中最常见,且超声心动图所见主动脉瓣环及窦部扩张较1（R-N）亚型更明显。     

Preoperative diagnosis of acute aortic regurgitation caused by a ruptured anomalous cord in a patient with a bicuspid aortic valve using transesophageal echocardiography

Journal of Medical Ultrasonics -     

先天二叶式主动脉瓣畸形合并二尖瓣反流病因分析

目的 探讨先天二叶式主动脉瓣畸形(BAV)患者发生二尖瓣反流的病因和危险因素.方法 对2011年1月至2016年6月在复旦大学附属中山医院确诊为BAV患者的超声心动图数据进行横断面分析.结果 4352例BAV患者中,中至重度二尖瓣反流256例(5.9％),其中195例(76.2％)为男性、206例(80.5％)伴有中至...     

Less pronounced reverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis treated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement compared to tricuspid aortic stenosis

To compare reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) between patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). We retrospectively reviewed data of patients with at least two serial echocardiographic follow-ups (1, 3, 6 months and 1 year) post-TAVR. A total of 116 patients were identified. BAV morphology was documented in 67 patients. LV mass index (LVMi) at baseline was not significantly different between the TAV and BAV group (178.0?±?6.9 vs. 166.3?±?6.4 g/m², P?=?0.14). Reverse LV remodeling was observed in both BAV and TAV patients, but the reduction of LVMi from baseline was significantly more pronounced in TAV patients compared with BAV patients from 6 months post-TAVR (??56.3?±?8.1 vs. ??30.0?±?4.7 g/m², P?<?0.01 at 6-month follow-up; ??60.6?±?7.6 vs. ??37.9?±?6.2 g/m², P?=?0.02 at 1-year follow-up). EDV value changes during follow-up were similar between patient with TAV and BAV. There were no significant differences in the proportions of patients with more than mild PVL or new permanent pacemaker between TAV and BAV morphology throughout the follow-up. Patients with bicuspid morphology might experience less pronounced reverse LV remodeling post-TAVR than patients with tricuspid morphology.     

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve enodocarditis with multiple subvalvular complications and an acquired membranous ventricular septal defect.

We report a case with echocardiographic demonstration of native congenital bicuspid aortic valve endocarditis with multiple subaortic complications. Transesophageal echocardiography in this case revealed large vegetations with multiloculated aortic paravalvular abscess around the cusps; a high-acquired restrictive membranous ventricular septal defect with vegetations extending to the tricuspid leaflets and paravalvular aortic regurgitation caused by aortic leaflet perforation.     

射频消融治疗房室结折返和房室折返性心动过速

目的：总结射频消融(RFCA)治疗房室结折返性心动过速和房窒折返性心动过速的经验。方法：分析67例阵发性室上性心律失常病人的RFCA过程;房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)49例,房室折返性心动过速(AVRT)18侧。结果：消融成功率98．5％,复发率1．5％,并发症发生率2．98％。结论：RFCA是治疗AVNRT和AVRT安全有效的方法。     

Re-evaluation of the structure,function and prognosis of bicuspid aortic valve with different anatomic morphology

Objective To investigate the association between bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) morphologic findings (raphe vs nonraphe), the degree of valve dysfunction and prognosis. Methods Clinical and echocardiographic data in 317 BAV patients were analyzed retrospectively. According to the Sievers classification, the morphologic BAV findings were categorized into no raphe (type 0), one raphe (type 1) and two raphes (type 2). The patients with type 1 were further divided into three subtypes, including R-L subtype (fusion of the left and right coronary cusps), R-N subtype (fusion of the right and noncoronary cusps) and L-N subtype (fusion of the left and noncoronary cusps). Results Of the 317 patients, there were 83 (26.2%) of type 0, 232 (73.2%) of type 1 and 2 (0.6%) of type 2. Among the 232 patients of type 1, there were 126 (54.3%) of R-L subtype, 88 (37.9%) of R-N subtype and 18 (7.8%) of L-N subtype. BAV with raphe had a significantly higher prevalence of aortic valve calcification [120 (51.3%) vs 19 (22.9%), P <0.001], with significantly higher frequencies of aortic stenosis [164 (70.1%) vs 6 (7.2%), P<0.001], aortic regurgitation [168 (71.8%) vs 40 (48.2%), P = 0.001], increased left ventricular mass[(253. 4 ± 113. 7)g vs (176.4±69.3)g, P <0.00l] and left heart failure [34 (14.5%) vs 3 (3.6%), P = 0.009]. Furthermore, the dilation of aortic root and ascending aorta in BAV patients with raphe were significantly higher than those without raphe (P <0. 01), however, ascending aortic aneurysm rates were not significant between BAV with and without raphe [23 (9. 8%) vs 4(4.8%), P =0.251]. The patients in R-N subtype had a significantly higher proportion of aortic valve calcification than those in R-L and L-N subtype [55 (62.5%) vs 57 (45.2%) vs 6 (33.3%), P = 0.01], with a significantly higher frequency of severe aortic stenosis [50 (56.8%) vs 21 (16.7%) vs 3 (16.7%), P<0.00l]. However, there was no significant difference among different subtypes in other complications(P >0.05). Conclusions The presence of raphe is associated with a higher frequency of significant aortic valve calcification, aortic valve dysfunction > and increases left ventricular mass and left heart failure. The R-N type is also associated with aortic valve calcification and severe aortic stenosis. © 2019 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.     

超声诊断二叶主动脉瓣合并感染性心内膜炎

目的 观察经胸超声心动图（TTE）和三维经食管超声心动图（3D-TEE）诊断二叶主动脉瓣（BAV）合并感染性心内膜炎（IE）的价值。方法 回顾性分析53例BAV合并IE患者的超声图像，超声表现包括赘生物、瓣膜穿孔、脓肿和瘘道。以外科手术所见作为金标准，评估TTE和3D-TEE的超声特征及其诊断价值。结果 3D-TEE检出赘生物、瓣膜穿孔、脓肿和瘘道的敏感度（100% vs.90.20%，96.87% vs.90.62%，92.86% vs.67.86%，94.12% vs.70.59%）和阳性预测值均高于TTE（100% vs.95.83%，100% vs.93.55%，96.30% vs.86.36%，100% vs.85.71%，P均<0.05）。结论 超声心动图对于BAV合并IE的总体检出率高。3D-TEE的可视性和空间分辨率比TTE更好，诊断BAV合并IE敏感度和阳性预测值更高。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断先天性二叶式主动脉瓣

先天性二叶式主动脉瓣(congenital bicuspid aortic valve, CBAV)是一种常见的先天性瓣膜畸形,尸检发生率约1%～2%,男多于女~([1]).该病临床易误诊、漏诊,而超声对其可迅速、准确做出诊断.     

Influence of beta-blocker therapy on aortic blood flow in patients with bicuspid aortic valve

In patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), beta-blockers (BB) are assumed to slow ascending aorta (AAo) dilation by reducing wall shear stress (WSS) on the aneurysmal segment. The aim of this study was to assess differences in AAo peak velocity and WSS in BAV patients with and without BB therapy. BAV patients receiving BB (BB+, n = 30, age: 47 ± 11 years) or not on BB (BB?, n = 30, age: 46 ± 13 years) and healthy controls (n = 15, age: 43 ± 11 years) underwent 4D flow MRI for the assessment of in vivo aortic 3D blood flow. Peak systolic velocities and 3D WSS were calculated at the anterior and posterior walls of the AAo. Both patient groups had higher maximum and mean WSS relative to the control group (p = 0.001 to p = 0.04). WSS was not reduced in the BB+ group compared to BB? patients in the anterior AAo (maximum: 1.49 ± 0.47 vs. 1.38 ± 0.49 N/m², p = 0.99, mean: 0.76 ± 0.2 vs. 0.74 ± 0.18 N/m², p = 1.00) or posterior AAo (maximum: 1.45 ± 0.42 vs. 1.39 ± 0.58 N/m², p = 1.00; mean: 0.65 ± 0.16 vs. 0.63 ± 0.16 N/m², p = 1.00). AAo peak velocity was elevated in patients compared to controls (p < 0.01) but similar for BB+ and BB? groups (p = 0.42). Linear models identified significant relationships between aortic stenosis severity and increased maximum WSS (β = 0.186, p = 0.007) and between diameter at the sinus of Valsalva and reduced mean WSS (β = ?0.151, p = 0.045). Peak velocity and systolic WSS were similar for BAV patients irrespective of BB therapy. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate the impact of dosage and duration of BB therapy on aortic hemodynamics and development of aortopathy.     

超声心动图在三房心合并主动脉瓣二叶诊治中的应用

目的探讨超声心动图在三房心或合并其它心血管异常诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析1例三房心合并主动脉瓣二叶患者的病例资料并结合相关文献分析。结果患者高考前体检,超声提示左房内隔膜样回声将左房分隔成二腔形成左房三房心;另外主动脉瓣左、右冠瓣间融合嵴形成,瓣叶呈功能型二叶。结论三房心的隔膜上通常存在交通口,无血流动力学意义者多无症状,可以不需要治疗;交通口小或无交通口者通常需要外科干预矫正。超声心动图是三房心影像诊断中最简便的有力工具。