易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

用ABC免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠术后7d、30d、90d三时期肠系膜上动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的变化.①定性观察:对照组神经肽Y能神经纤维呈网状攀附于血管周围,分布较均匀,并见串珠状膨体;高血压组7d、30d神经纤维分布与对照组相似,90d纤维亦呈网状,但较稀疏.②定量结果:对照组各时期及高血压组7d、30d纤维密度无明显改变,但90d明显降低(P<0.01).结果显示,易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉90d神经肽Y能神经纤维分布较稀疏,密度降低,其原因可能与血管壁结构的变化有关.     

大鼠脑底动脉降钙素基因相关肽能神经纤维分布的形态学观察

目的　探讨 14只成年鼠和 14只老年鼠脑底主要动脉降钙素基因相关肽能神经纤维的分布特征。方法　应用免疫组织化学ABC法、神经交点计数法。结果　成年鼠脑底各主要动脉壁上均含有呈线状黑色的CGRP能免疫反应阳性神经纤维 ,分布密度以大脑前动脉最高 ,其次是大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉、基底动脉。各动脉间CGRP能神经纤维密度比较具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,成年鼠脑底动脉壁CGRP能神经纤维以环行分布为主 ;老年鼠脑底动脉壁CGRP能神经纤维密度以大脑前动脉最高 ,走行方式以网状分布为主 ;老年鼠脑底各主要动脉壁CGRP能神经纤维分布密度低于成年鼠相应脑底动脉。结论　不同脑底动脉CGRP能神经纤维分布特征各异 ,老年鼠较成年鼠脑底动脉CGRP能神经纤维的分布密度为低     

自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉降钙素基因相关肽能神经纤维的分布

应用免疫组织化学ABC法和神经交点计数技术,观察了10只自发性高血压大鼠和10只正常血压大鼠脑底动脉降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)能神经纤维的分布。结果证明:在自发性高血压鼠的大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉、大脑后动脉和基底动脉壁上均可见CGRP免疫反应阳性纤维,纤维呈细曲线状,多呈网状走行;与正常血压鼠脑底血管同名动脉比较,其密度明显减少。正常血压鼠脑底血管CGRP能神经纤维多呈环形走行。高血压鼠的CGRP能神经纤维的分布随着高血压的发生而明显减少,提示CGRP能神经纤维的减少与高血压的发生、发展具有一定的关系。     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠术后７ｄ、３０ｄ、９０ｄ三时期肠系膜上动脉神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维的变化。（１）定性观察：对照组神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维呈网状攀附于血周围，分布较均匀，并见串珠状膨体，高血压组７ｄ、３０硐对照组相似，９０ｄ纤维亦呈网状，但较稀疏。（２）定量结果，对照组各时期及高血压组７ｄ３０ｄ纤维密度无明显改变，但９０ｄ明显降低。结果显示，易卒中型血管性高血压大鼠肠系膜上动脉     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠基底动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

本文用ABC免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压各时期脑基底动脉神经肽Y阳性神经纤维的变化。神经纤维定量结果显示:对照组神经肽Y能神经纤维多呈环状分布,而高血压组环状纤维减少,早、中期纤维密度与对照组无明显差异,在晚期,血管壁神经纤维多为纵行,密度明显降低,与早、中期及对照组差异均显著(P<0.01)。脑卒中症状观察结果显示:对照组及高血压组早、中期均无脑卒中发生,而高血压晚期大鼠均出现不同程度的脑卒中。提示:脑基底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维密度降低与高血压晚期发生脑卒中可能有关。     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠基底动脉NPY能神经纤维的变化

本文用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法观察易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠高血压各时期脑基底动脉神经肽Ｙ阳性神经纤维的变化，神经纤维定量结果显示：对照组神经肽Ｙ能神经纤维多呈环状分布，而高血压组环状纤维减少，早、中期纤维密度与对照组无明显差异，在晚期，血管壁神经纤维多为纵行，密度明显降低，与早，中期及对照组差异均显著。     

易卒中型肾血管性高血压及高脂血症大鼠脑血管壁NE、NPY能神经纤维的研究

<正>交感神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE),神经肽Y(NPY)与高血压、动脉粥样硬化及脑卒中等疾病关系密切.实验用健康雄性SD大鼠96只,体重80—110g/只,随机分四组:1.对照组(24只):行假手术、普通饮食;2.高血压组(24只):用双肾双夹法复制易卒中型肾血管性高血压大鼠(RHRSP)模型、普通饮食,3.高脂组(24只):行假手术、高脂饮食;4.高血压+高脂组(24只):复制RHRSP模型、高脂饮食.各组分别手术后1周、4周、12周处死,取双侧大脑中动脉、基底动脉、ABC免疫组化染色,定量分析血管壁NE、NPY阳性神经纤维密集变化,结果发现:1.NE能神经纤维:对照组各期无明显变化;高血压组晚期显著减少(P<0.01);高脂组早     

不同年龄高血压鼠脑底动脉神经肽Y能神经纤维的分布

目的 :为了阐明不同年龄高血压鼠脑动脉神经肽Y(NPY)能神经的分布 ,探索高血压与脑动脉NPY能神经分布的年龄相关性。方法 :应用免疫组化法和神经交点计数法 ,对 12只不同年龄高血压鼠脑动脉NPY能神经纤维分布进行观察。结果 :在 6周龄高血压鼠大脑前动脉 (ACA)和大脑中动脉 (MCA)壁上均见黑色NPY纤维 ,较细 ,曲线状 ,以纵行分布为主 ;在 15周龄高血压鼠ACA和MCA壁纤维密度较高 ,纤维走行以环行为主 ;在 3 0周龄高血压鼠ACA和MCA壁纤维走行以网状为主 ,纤维密度较 6周龄和15周龄鼠增高 ,三个年龄组纤维密度依次为 :3 0周龄鼠 >15周龄鼠 >6周龄鼠。结论 :高血压鼠脑底动脉NPY能神经纤维密度随年龄增加而增高 ,纤维走行由纵行转变成环行、网状分布。提示高血压鼠呈年龄相关性增加的血压可能与高血压鼠脑血管呈年龄相关性增加的NPY能神经相关。     

长期头低位可引起大鼠脑底动脉肾上腺素能神经支配增强

采用免疫组织化学（ＡＢＣ）方法，观察了肾上腺素能神经在对照（ＣＯＮ）、尾部悬吊４周（ＳＵＳ－４）和恢复１周（ＲＥＣ－１）大鼠脑底动脉分布的变化。结果表明，ＳＵＳ－４组脑底动脉肾上腺素能神经纤维较ＣＯＮ组更加清晰、深染；而ＲＥＣ－１组则纤维模糊且不连续。ＳＵＳ－４组，脑底动脉肾上腺素能神经纤维密度较ＣＯＮ组显著提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；在ＲＥＣ－１组，各段脑底血管神经纤维密度较ＣＯＮ组普遍有降低趋势，其中大脑后动脉纤维总蜜度的变化已达显著程度（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本工作首次证明：脑底动脉肾上腺素能神经纤维对长期头低位倾斜引起的头部血液动力学改变颇为敏感，神经支配进入增强状态；恢复正常体位后，先经历一支配减弱状态，再回至正常水平。     

自发性高血压鼠脑底动脉单胺能神经分布的形态学观察

应用免疫组织化学ABC法，对10只雄性自发性高血压大鼠和10只正常大鼠脑底动脉单胺能神经纤维分布进行了观察、在自发性高血压鼠脑底血管的大脑前动脉、大脑中动脉和基底动脉壁上均可见棕褐色的免疫反应阳性纤维，纤维较粗，弯曲，环行走行，密度较高。与正常鼠同一部位脑底动脉壁的阳性纤维密度比较有明显增加。经统计学检验，P＜0．05，表明高血压鼠和正常鼠脑底动脉之间的单胺能神经纤维的密度有明显差异。本文结果提示，高血压鼠脑底动脉各主要分支较正常鼠脑底动脉各主要分支有更高密度的单胺能神经纤维分布，这些纤维属于交感神经纤维，说明交感神经可能在高血压鼠的脑血管活动和对高血压的发生和发展具有重要的作用。     

Angiotensin II type 2 receptors facilitate reinnervation of phenol-lesioned vascular calcitonin gene-related peptide-containing nerves in rat mesenteric arteries

The present study was designed to investigate involvement of angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 receptors (AT2 receptors) in restoration of perivascular nerve innervation injured by topical phenol treatment. Male Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of 10% phenol around the superior mesenteric artery. After phenol treatment, animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the third branch of small arteries, Western blot analysis of AT2 receptor protein expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and studies of mesenteric neurogenic vasoresponsiveness. Ang II (750 ng/kg/day), nerve growth factor (NGF; 20 microg/kg/day) and PD123,319 (AT2 receptor antagonist; 10 mg/kg/day) were intraperitoneally administered for 7 days using osmotic mini-pumps immediately after topical phenol treatment. Losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist) was administered in drinking water (0.025%). Phenol treatment markedly reduced densities of both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (LI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-LI-containing fibers. NGF restored densities of both nerve fibers to the sham control level. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan significantly increased the density of CGRP-LI-fibers but not NPY-LI-fibers compared with saline control. The increase of the density of CGRP-LI-fibers by coadministration of Ang II and losartan was suppressed by adding PD123,319. Coadministration of Ang II and losartan ameliorated reduction of CGRP nerve-mediated vasodilation of perfused mesenteric arteries caused by phenol treatment. The AT2 receptor protein expression detected in DRG was markedly increased by NGF. These results suggest that selective stimulation of AT2 receptors by Ang II facilitates reinnervation of mesenteric perivascular CGRP-containing nerves injured by topical phenol application in the rat.     

Patterns of reinnervation of denervated cerebral arteries by sympathetic nerve fibers after unilateral ganglionectomy in rats

Summary In order to clarify the manner in which previously denervated cerebral arteries become reinnervated after unilateral excision of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG), we observed directly the reinnervating sympathetic nerve fibers originating in the contralateral SCG by using anterograde labeling with wheat germ aggulutinin-horseradish peroxidase in rats. The nerve fibers sprouted from the nerve fibers in the contralateral anterior cerebral artery and reinnervated the arterial wall of the anterior cerebral artery of the denervated side as early as one week after ganglionectomy. In addition to this sprouting route, three other reinnervating nerve fiber routes were observed in the circle of Willis of the denervated side two weeks after ganglionectomy: the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery, the route passing between bilateral ethmodial arteries, and the posterior communicating artery. Eight weeks after ganglionectomy, these reinnervating nerve fibers formed a fairly dense plexus in a circular pattern in the circle of Willis. However, the reinnervation could not be observed in the arterial branches derived from the circle of Willis (middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery) even 16 weeks after ganglionectomy. The present results clearly demonstrated the time course, distribution pattern and limitation of the reinnervation from the contralateral SCG following unilateral ganglionectomy. The fact that reinnervation could be observed only in the main cerebral arteries of the circle of Willis, in which the nerve plexus appeared to have a circular pattern, suggests a difference between the qualities of sympathetic innervation controlling the cerebral circulation in these arteries and the other arterial branches related to these differences in reinnervation capacity.     

Heterogeneity in the response to dopamine of monkey cerebral and peripheral arteries

In helical strips of monkey cerebral and mesenteric arteries contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, dopamine in low concentrations produced a moderate relaxation but in high concentrations produced a contraction from the level of relaxation. On the other hand, coronary, renal, and femoral arterial strips responded to dopamine with only a concentration-dependent contraction. Treatment with phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine potentiated the dopamine-induced relaxation seen in cerebral and mesenteric arteries and reversed the contraction in the other arteries to a relaxation. After treatment with phenoxybenzamine, relaxant responses to dopamine of cerebral, mesenteric, and renal arteries were almost identical, and, compared with those, the responses of coronary and femoral arteries were appreciably less. Relaxations induced by dopamine were not influenced by propranolol, atropine, aminophylline, cimetidine, and aspirin but were markedly attenuated by droperidol. Adenosine-induced relaxations were not affected by droperidol. It is concluded that dopamine preferentially relaxes monkey cerebral and mesenteric arteries, possibly via dopaminergic receptors. It appears that the dopamine-induced contractions mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors predominate over the relaxation in coronary, renal, and femoral arteries, and dopaminergic receptor function is greater in cerebral, mesenteric, and renal arteries than in coronary and femoral arteries.     

Modifications by stretches of the mechanical response of isolated cerebral and extracerebral arteries to vasoactive agents

Summary Length-tension relationship was compared in helically cut strips of canine cerebral, coronary, mesenteric, renal, and femoral arteries. Tension developed progressively by increasing the stretch; with the same strain, a greater passive tension developed in cerebral than in extracerebral arteries. The peak active tension developed by serotonin (cerebral, coronary), norepinephrine (mesenteric, renal and femoral) or K⁺ (coronary) was obtained at a resting tension of 1.5 g (other than coronary) or 2.0 g (coronary). Papaverine (10^–4 M) caused a relaxation in cerebral arterial strips contracted with serotonin to a level lower than that prior to the addition of serotonin, the relexation from the initial level of tension being related directly to the stretch applied. The relaxing effect of adenosine was related directly to stretches of cerebral arterial strips. It seems likely that a rise of intra-arterial pressure effects a greater increase in the wall stiffness in cerebral than in extracerebral arteries. The responsiveness to vasoconstricting and vasodilating agents of both cerebral and extracerebral arteries appears to increase when the arteries are distended.     

内毒素血症大鼠脑底动脉内皮素-1能神经纤维表达与分布的变化

目的:探讨内毒素血症大鼠脑底动脉内皮素-1(ET-1)能神经纤维诱发脑血管痉挛发生与发展的关系,为深入阐明内毒素血症诱发脑血管痉挛的发病机制提供形态学依据。方法:96只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、内毒素血症组(注射内毒素第3、6、12、24、48h),分别采用放射免疫法检测血浆内皮素-1水平的变化,采用免疫组织化学ABC法对大鼠脑底动脉内皮素-1能神经纤维进行观察。结果:内毒素血症后3、6、12h大鼠血浆内皮素-1水平较对照组明显升高(P0.05),内毒素血症后24h和48h已趋于正常(P0.05)。此外,对照组和内毒素组大鼠脑底动脉可见棕褐色,呈细线状分布的内皮素-1能免疫反应阳性纤维,其中内毒素血症后第6h和12h大鼠脑底动脉内皮素-1能神经纤维密度显著增高(P0.05)。结论:内毒素血症大鼠血浆内皮素-1水平升高,脑底动脉内皮素-1能神经纤维密度增加,提示内皮素-1参与了内毒素血症诱发脑血管痉挛的病理生理过程,为脑血管痉挛的神经-体液调节机制提出了新思路,同时为临床预防和治疗脑血管痉挛提供了理论依据。     

Adrenomedullin facilitates reinnervation of phenol-injured perivascular nerves in the rat mesenteric resistance artery

Our previous report showed that innervation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing nerves in rat mesenteric resistance arteries was markedly reduced by topical application of phenol, and that nerve growth factor (NGF) facilitates the reinnervation of both nerves. We also demonstrated that a CGRP superfamily peptide, adrenomedullin, is distributed in perivascular nerves of rat mesenteric resistance arteries. In the present study, we investigated the influence of adrenomedullin on the reinnervation of mesenteric perivascular nerves following topical phenol treatment. Under pentobarbital-Na anesthesia, 8-week-old Wistar rats underwent in vivo topical application of phenol (10% phenol in 90% ethanol) to the superior mesenteric artery proximal to the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. After the treatment, the animals were subjected to immunohistochemistry of the third branch of small arteries proximal to the intestine and to vascular responsiveness testing on day 7. Topical phenol treatment caused marked reduction of the density of NPY-like immunoreactive (LI)- and CGRP-LI nerve fibers in the arteries. Adrenomedullin (360 or 1000 ng/h) or NGF (250 ng/h), which was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days using an osmotic mini-pump immediately after topical phenol treatment, significantly increased the density of CGRP-LI- and NPY-LI nerve fibers compared with saline. Treatment with adrenomedullin (1000 ng/h) or NGF restored adrenergic nerve-mediated vasoconstriction and CGRP nerve-mediated vasodilation in the perfused mesenteric artery treated topically with phenol. These results suggest that adrenomedullin, like NGF, has a facilitatory effect on the reinnervation of perivascular nerves.     

螺内酯和缬沙坦对高血压大鼠肠系膜微动脉重塑的影响

目的:观察盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂螺内酯和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)AT1受体拮抗剂缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)肠系膜微动脉形态、超微结构和Ⅰ型胶原mRNA表达的影响。方法:将18只雄性SHR随机分为三组,每组6只,其中两组分别用螺内酯20mg/kg/天、缬沙坦30mg/kg/天溶于饮水中灌胃,连续治疗13周,对照组不用药,正常饮水,并与WKY大鼠(6只)比较。鼠尾法测量大鼠动脉收缩压;应用计算机图像分析系统,计算大鼠肠系膜微动脉管壁与管腔横截面积比;用透射电镜观察大鼠肠系膜微动脉结构的变化;用RT-PCR方法检测肠系膜微动脉Ⅰ型胶原mRNA水平。结果:实验第13周末,SHR对照组血压明显高于WKY组(P<0.01);缬沙坦组和螺内酯组血压明显低于SHR对照组(P<0.01);缬沙坦组的血压与WKY组接近(P>0.05)。螺内酯组和缬沙坦组大鼠肠系膜微动脉的中膜厚度/管腔半径值及中膜面积/管腔面积值仍显著大于WKY组(P<0.05),但较SHR组明显降低(P<0.01)。透射电镜见SHR肠系膜动脉壁有大片纤维组织增生,螺内酯组和缬沙坦组肠系膜动脉壁内仅见少许纤维组织增生。螺内酯组和缬沙坦组Ⅰ型胶原mRNA水平明显低于SHR对照组(P<0.01)。结论:螺内酯和缬沙坦均能抑制SHR的Ⅰ型胶原合成,表明盐皮质激素受体和AngⅡ受体在高血压阻力血管的重塑中起着重要作用。     

Influence of age on norepinephrine content in arteries and veins of fischer 344 rats

The norepinephrine content of blood vessels in male Fischer 344 rats aged 6, 12, 20 and 27 months was measured by electrochemical detection after alumina extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography separation. With the exception of the superior mesenteric artery which showed no age-related changes in norepinephrine content and the caudal artery which showed an increase from 12 to 27 months of age, all other arteries examined (renal, femoral, saphenous, superficial epigastric, and popliteal) showed a significant decline in norepinephrine content with advancing age. In contrast, the content of norepinephrine in the renal, femoral, saphenous and superior mesenteric veins remained constant at all ages. Since norepinephrine in the blood vessel wall is predominantly localized to sympathetic nerve endings, the decline in norepinephrine content in most arteries of old rats may reflect a selective decrease in the density of sympathetic neurons or alternatively an age-related alteration in the metabolic properties of these sympathetic nerve endings.