High incidence of body image dissatisfaction in pregnancy and the postnatal period: Associations with depression,anxiety, body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy

This study aimed to delineate the prevalence of body image dissatisfaction in pregnant women and parturients in relation to depression and anxiety symptoms. We assessed 126 pregnant women during the third trimester and 2–3 days and 4–6 weeks after delivery using the Body Image Scale (BIS). Many pregnant participants (34.1%) showed body image dissatisfaction (BIS score ≤3) which was associated with current antenatal depression, severity of depression, a lifetime history of mood disorders, trait anxiety, body mass index (BMI) and weight gain during pregnancy. The BIS score improved after delivery but was still associated with depression, lifetime history of mood disorders, age, BMI and weight gain during pregnancy. These findings suggest that about a third of pregnant women have a body image disturbance which is strongly associated with current and a life history of clinical depression and anxiety symptoms. Medical personnel should be alert to detect body image dissatisfaction in pregnant women because it may indicate an underlying mood disorder.     

CRP、PCT、IL-6检测在妊娠晚期GBS感染患者妊娠结局预测中的价值

目的检测妊娠晚期GBS感染患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6)表达水平,并探讨CRP、PCT、IL-6检测在妊娠晚期B族链球菌(GBS)感染患者妊娠结局预测中的价值。方法选取2017年3月至2018年6月在佛山市禅城区中心医院行产前检查、住院分娩的孕妇为研究对象,其中50例GBS筛查阳性发生胎膜早破者归入胎膜早破组,50例GBS筛查阳性早产临产者归入早产临产组,50例GBS筛查阳性足月临产者归入GBS对照组,再随机选择50例GBS筛查阴性者归入空白组。采用PCR法确定孕妇及新生儿GBS感染情况,采用ELISA法检测血清CRP、PCT、IL-6水平,比较CRP、PCT、IL-6对不良妊娠结局的预测价值。结果胎膜早破组、早产临产组妊娠晚期GBS感染患者分娩前、分娩后1d、分娩后3d血清CRP、PCT、IL-6表达水平均显著高于GBS对照组、空白组(P<0.05),GBS对照组患者分娩前、分娩后1d、分娩后3d血清CRP、PCT、IL-6表达水平均显著高于空白组(P<0.05),4组孕妇分娩后1d血清CRP、PCT、IL-6表达水平均显著高于分娩前(P<0.05);胎膜早破组、早产临产组及GBS对照组新生儿GBS感染率显著高于空白组(P<0.05);分娩前血清CRP、PCT、IL-6水平及三者联合诊断妊娠晚期GBS感染患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积分别为0.752、0.793、0.873,三者联合检测妊娠晚期GBS感染患者不良妊娠结局的曲线下面积为0.930。结论 CRP、PCT、IL-6在妊娠晚期GBS感染患者妊娠结局预测中具有较高的价值,可能作为临床监测及预防不良妊娠结局的重要指标。     

妊娠合并梅毒患者产前超声的监测研究

目的:探讨产前超声对妊娠合并梅毒临床价值。方法:随机选取2012年3月至2015年3月62例妊娠合并梅毒患者为研究对象,均予超声检查,在入院前超声检查前已规范抗梅治疗作为治疗组,共51例,余11例为未治疗组,将治疗组根据孕周不同分成孕早期组(≤12周)、孕中期组(12~28周)、孕晚期组(≥28周),分别为18例、21例、12例,比较各组相关指标变化。结果:妊娠合并梅毒超声以胎盘水肿、胎儿各类畸形、胎儿水肿、胎儿宫内窘迫为主要表现,其中孕期越晚治疗则超声异常发生率越高,未治疗组流产、死胎、胎儿宫内窘迫、胎儿各类畸形、胎盘异常发生率显著高于其他组别,和其他三组比较有统计学意义(P0.05);未治疗者以流产和死胎为主,共10例,先天性梅毒1例,占9.09%,早期规范治疗梅毒则正常新生儿出生率越高,孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期、未治疗脐动脉血流收缩期峰值/舒张末期谷值(S/D值)分别为(1.56±0.14)、(1.71±0.16)、(2.51±0.19)、(4.43±0.23),未治疗组和其他三组比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论:产前超声能显示妊娠合并梅毒胎儿异常情况,且能预测胎儿预后临床价值高。     

不同孕期治疗妊娠梅毒对妊娠结局的影响

目的:明确不同孕期妊娠梅毒患者的治疗对妊娠结局的影响。方法:共124例妊娠梅毒妇女接受了驱梅治疗,包括孕早期42例,孕中期40例,孕晚期42例。结果:124例妊娠梅毒患者中不良妊娠33例,包括流产死产14例,先天性梅毒患儿19例。孕早期不良妊娠率为7.14%,孕中期为22.5%,孕晚期为50%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:妊娠梅毒患者治疗越早,不良妊娠发生率越低。     

2018年—2020年舟山市梅毒母婴阻断相关因素分析

目的分析舟山市2018年—2020年孕产妇梅毒母婴阻断情况及相关因素,为完善舟山市梅毒母婴阻断措施并消除梅毒母婴传播提供科学依据。方法从预防艾滋病、梅毒和乙肝母婴传播管理信息系统导出2018年—2020年舟山市梅毒感染孕产妇的个案资料,分析其基本特征、检测率、治疗率等。结果 2018年—2020年舟山市行梅毒检测的孕产妇共17 734例,检测率99.98%,仅产时检出率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05)。梅毒感染孕产妇共128例,梅毒检出率为0.72%;文化程度以初中及以下文化程度为主,占53.91%(69例);职业以家务及待业人员为主,占85.94%(110例);户籍以本地为主,占66.41%(85例);传播途径以不详(即患者自己不清楚是怎么被感染的)为主,占67.19%(86例)。不同治疗时期的梅毒感染孕产妇分娩前/孕晚期TRUST滴度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同治疗时期的梅毒感染孕产妇所生新生儿TRUST滴度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。梅毒感染孕产妇分娩前/孕晚期TRUST滴度≥1∶4时,其所生新生儿TRUST阳性率远高于TURST滴度阴...     

妊娠期血红蛋白浓度与妊娠结局相关性分析

目的:分析研究妊娠期母体高浓度血红蛋白与妊娠结局的相关性。方法:在2013年12月至2015年12月两年间来恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院和湖北省妇幼保健院进行分娩的孕妇中,选取妊娠期在28周以上的单胎妊娠孕妇1374例。按照孕妇体内血红蛋白浓度的差异分为四组:血红蛋白浓度在75%以上者作为1组,50%~75%之间为2组,3组25%~50%,4组浓度在25%以下。统计分析血红蛋白浓度差异与妊娠结果的相关性。结果:通过对1374例研究对象记录的分析,四组孕妇孕早期血红蛋白浓度与妊娠结局无相关性(P0.05)。孕中晚期四组研究对象妊娠结局差异明显(P0.05),1、2组妊娠结局出现了更多不良情况。孕中期四组血红蛋白浓度分别为138g/L以上、130~138 g/L、123~129 g/L、123 g/L以下。孕晚期四组血红蛋白浓度分别为135 g/L以上、127~134 g/L、119~126 g/L以上、119 g/L以下。孕中期血液粘度4.50与≥4.50两组间无显著差异(P0.05)。与正常妊娠相比,孕晚期高血液粘度所造成的不良妊娠结局显而易见(P0.05)。结论:妊娠期母体内高浓度血红蛋白是造成不良妊娠结局的风险因素,应引起相关工作者与研究者的重视,及早记录、及早举措,保证母婴远离病患。     

妊娠晚期铁营养状况对孕妇血生化及新生儿血生化的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期铁营养状况对孕妇血生化及新生儿血生化的影响。方法选取2017年2月至2018年10月在四川省达州市中心医院产科分娩孕妇(孕周≥28周)110例作为研究对象,并于分娩前1周内测定孕妇的血清铁蛋白(SF),根据铁营养状况进行分组,即铁不足组(n=38)、铁正常组(n=42)、铁过量组(n=30)。在分娩后1周内,抽取孕妇空腹静脉血、新生儿(出生1周内)的指尖血,应用自动生化仪检测血清标本中的血生化(CK、TBA、AFU、UA、ALT、GLU、TBIL、CR、LDH、BUN、TP、ALP、ALB)水平,并比较三组之间的差异。结果三组的TP、ALB、TBA、ALP、CR水平之间两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);TBIL、ALT、AFU、CK、LDH、GLU、BUN、UA水平之间两两比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论妊娠晚期铁营养状况对孕妇血生化及新生儿血生化部分指标会产生一定的影响。在临床管理中,监测该类孕妇的铁营养状况,对于降低临床上预防因铁不足或铁过量所致贫血的发生率,具有重要的临床意义。     

顺产、会阴侧切与剖宫产对初产妇产后性功能的影响

目的:结合临床经验,探讨顺产、会阴侧切与剖宫产3种分娩方式对初产妇产后性功能的影响。方法:选取2013年9月至2015年6月在我院妇产科分娩的初产妇312例作为研究对象,按照分娩方式不同分为会阴侧切组(95例)、顺产组(109例)、剖宫产组(108例),分别在产后3个月、6个月、9个月对产妇进行性功能状况问卷调查,选用国际认可度较高的女性性功能指数(FSFI)调查问卷考察性功能水平,分别对三组性功能障碍发生率、性功能评分、性生活恢复的比例进行统计分析,并加以比较。结果:三组产妇在产后3个月性功能障碍发生率最高,6个月、9个月明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);会阴侧切组产后3个月、6个月、9个月性功能障碍发生率均高于顺产组和剖宫产组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组产妇产后3个月、6个月顺产组、剖宫产组分别与会阴侧切组比较,顺产组、剖宫产组性功能状况评分明显优于会阴侧切组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组产妇产后9个月性功能状况评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);会阴侧切组、剖宫产组、顺产组产后3个月性生活恢复比例分别为61.05%、66.67%、72.48%;产后6个月性生活恢复比例分别为85.26%、89.81%、90.83%;产后9个月性生活恢复比例分别为95.79%、96.29%、98.17%。剖宫产组、顺产组产后3个月和6个月性生活恢复情况明显优于会阴侧切组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组产妇产后9个月性生活恢复情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:顺产分娩方式可使产妇产后性生活恢复较快,性生活恢复比例较高,其次为剖宫产产妇,而会阴侧切产妇产后对性生活影响程度较大,恢复较慢,因此建议产妇选择顺产分娩方式。     

Melanocytic skin lesions and pregnancy: digital dermoscopy analysis

BACKGROUND: Very few studies have tried to clarify how pregnancy influences the morphology of pigmented skin lesions (PSL). Our purpose was to objectively determine, by digital dermoscopy analysis (DDA), any dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocitic nevi during pregnancy and after 1 year from delivery. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy pregnant women and 35 age-matched female controls were enrolled in the study. Nevi of pregnant women were analysed by DDA between 5 and 8 weeks of pregnancy, between 39 and 41 weeks of pregnancy and 12 months after delivery. Nevi of control women were analysed by DDA in a month of the year matching the period of recruitment of pregnant women and 21 months later. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance (manova) for repeated measures revealed that dermoscopic variables SKIN-GREEN-AVERAGE, SKIN-BLUE-AVERAGE and CONTRAST changed during pregnancy but returned to non-significant values after a year from delivery. The variable ENTROPY showed significant differences between initial evaluation and 1 year after delivery. Finally, the variable VARIANCE OF BORDER GRADIENT showed a significant difference between the first and the last evaluations, in both pregnant and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that pregnancy leads to significant modifications in PSL, especially with regard to pigment network, globules and architectural order or disorder.     

妊娠期HIV感染者的分娩方式和母婴结局分析

目的:探究妊娠期人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者的分娩方式对母婴结局的影响。方法:回顾性研究2012年1月至2016年6月我院收治的87名孕产妇作为研究对象,根据分娩方式分为阴道产组和剖宫产组,其中阴道产组53名孕妇,生产54名新生儿;剖宫产组34名孕妇,生产34名新生儿,对比分析两组HIV感染孕产妇的一般资料、产程时间、产后出血量、先兆子宫破裂及分娩结果,并对结果进行分析研究。结果:两组HIV感染孕产妇一般资料无显著性差异,剖宫产组在产程时间、先兆子宫破裂、新生儿感染率方面均优于阴道产组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但是在孕妇产后并发症(产褥感染、产后出血量)和新生儿窒息率不及阴道产组,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:不同分娩方式对孕产妇和新生儿的影响不同,剖宫产可大大降低新生儿感染HIV病毒的几率。     

前置胎盘合并胎盘植入孕妇产后性功能的恢复观察

目的:研究前置胎盘合并胎盘植入孕妇产后性功能的恢复观察。方法:收集我院2015年8月至2016年8月分娩的明确诊断为前置胎盘初产妇120例的临床资料,其中前置胎盘合并胎盘植入组60例设置为观察组,前置胎盘非合并胎盘植入组60例设置为对照组,对比分析两组病例产后45d、3、6个月的性生活恢复占比、性交痛情况、性生活满意度和产后的生活质量评分。结果:观察组患者剖宫产率显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组产后45d、3个月的性生活恢复比例均高于对照组,经统计学分析差异具有显著性(P0.05)。两组产后6个月的性生活恢复比例比较差异不显著(P0.05)。观察组产后45d、3个月的产后性交痛发生率均低于对照组,经统计学分析差异具有显著性(P0.05)。两组产后6个月的性交痛发生率比较差异不显著(P0.05)。观察组产后45d、3个月的产后性生活满意程度均高于对照组,经统计学分析差异显著(P0.05)。两组产后6个月的性生活满意程度比较差异不显著(P0.05)。观察组的产后生活质量评分均高于对照组,经统计学分析差异均具有显著性(P0.05)。结论:产后3个月内,前置胎盘合并胎盘植入组和前置胎盘非合并胎盘植入组对女性产后性功能影响有显著差异,两者在产后6个月对性功能影响无显著差异,后者比前者的生活质量更高。     

剖宫产术对产妇产后盆底结构功能、性功能及相关激素的影响分析

目的:探究剖宫产术对产妇产后盆底结构功能、性功能及相关激素的影响。方法:抽取我院100例剖宫产术产妇及同期100例阴道分娩产妇作为此次实验的目标对象,于产前、产后8周分别对所有产妇均实施盆底结构功能、性功能及相关激素检测,研究对比两组产妇的检测结果。结果:产后8周,对照组产妇的盆底结构功能异常率显著高于实验组(P0.05),实验组产妇产后8周性功能评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);两组产妇产后8周性激素水平均较产前有显著降低(P0.05),但两组之间的性激素水平无显著区别(P0.05)。结论:相比于阴道分娩,剖宫产术对产妇产后短期内盆底结构功能、性功能及相关激素的影响较小。     

妊娠晚期生殖道B族链球菌感染对妊娠结局的影响探讨

目的:探讨妊娠晚期生殖道B族链球菌感染对妊娠结局的影响。方法:将200例妊娠晚期孕妇依据是否生殖道B族链球菌感染分组,即感染组(70例)与非感染组(130例),对两组的妊娠结局进行统计观察。结果:感染组与非感染组在胎膜早破、宫内感染、早产、剖宫产和产后出血以及羊水污染的发生率方面比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);感染组新生儿感染、新生儿窒息、新生儿窘迫和病理性黄疸的发生率分别为30.0%、37.1%、25.7%、24.3%,均高于非感染组的10.8%、11.5%、6.9%、5.4%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:妊娠晚期生殖道B族链球菌感染对孕妇的妊娠结局影响相对比较大,会增加宫内感染和新生儿感染等情况,应引起足够的重视。     

High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the skin during normal and hypertensive pregnancies

Background/aims: Diagnosis of preeclampsia is currently made from blood pressure measurements taken at antenatal visits (either at the hospital or in the community). The aim of this work was to see whether the presence of underlying hypertensive diseases is accompanied by changes in the skin of pregnant women, which can be visualized using high‐frequency diagnostic ultrasound. Method: This was a prospective study of pregnant and non‐pregnant, hypertensive and non‐hypertensive patients visiting the outpatient department of a central London Teaching Hospital. The study group consisted of 93 women, of which 30 were non‐hypertensive in the second trimester of pregnancy, 26 were non‐hypertensive in the third trimester of pregnancy, 9 were hypertensive in the second trimester of pregnancy, and 14 were hypertensive in the third trimester of pregnancy. Fourteen non‐pregnant women of comparable age were recruited as controls. Changes in abdominal skin thickness and also skin structure, as analysed by fractal image analysis, was assessed in each patient. Results: In a normal pregnancy, abdominal skin gets thinner as pregnancy progresses. In hypertensive patients, the skin thickness did not appear to alter. Image analysis of abdominal skin scans showed that the skin of non‐hypertensive pregnant women and non‐pregnant women are different. Whereas the analysis of hypertensive pregnant women and non‐pregnant women showed they were the same. Conclusions: The data used to compare the groups indicates that if the abdominal skin of the patient does not get thinner as the pregnancy progresses there is an indication that the patient may be hypertensive. The fractal data comparing the groups indicates the following when comparing a patient’s fractal signature with the non‐pregnant control data: If the abdominal fractal for a pregnant woman is similar to the control group, there is an indication that the patient is hypertensive. It is difficult to predict hypertension in patients, and it is possible that a patient could develop severe preeclampsia between visits to the antenatal clinics. Therefore, if the high‐frequency ultrasound scanner can pick up potential hypertensives early in pregnancy, these women could be identified as potentially high risk.     

Prenatal syphilis infection is a possible cause of preterm delivery among immigrant women from eastern Europe

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the prevalence of maternal syphilis at delivery and neonatal syphilis infection in an Italian urban area, in connection with the increased flow of immigration. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective surveillance study was carried out in Bologna, Italy, from November 2000 to March 2006. All pregnant women were screened for syphilis at delivery. Infants born to seropositive mothers were enrolled in a prospective follow-up. RESULTS: During the study period 19,205 women gave birth to 19,548 infants. A total of 85 women were seropositive for syphilis at delivery. The overall syphilis seroprevalence in pregnant women was 0.44%, but it was 4.3% in women from eastern Europe and 5.8% in women from Central-South America. Ten women were first found positive at delivery, as they did not receive any prenatal care. Nine of these were from eastern Europe. All their infants were asymptomatic, but six had both reactive immunoglobulin (Ig)M western blot and rapid plasma reagin tests and were considered prenatally infected. Three of six were preterm (gestational age <37 weeks). CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, congenital syphilis infection is strictly related to immigration from eastern Europe. Although it is asymptomatic, it could cause premature delivery. Therefore, it is necessary to perform serological tests during the third trimester in mothers coming from endemic areas to adequately treat syphilis in pregnancy and prevent congenital infection. If the mother's test results are not available at delivery, it is necessary to investigate the newborn, especially if it is born prematurely.     

有不同分娩方式史的已育妇女在人工流产术中同时放置吉妮致美宫内节育器的临床效果观察

目的 探讨有阴道分娩史与剖宫产史的已育妇女在人工流产术中同时放置吉妮致美宫内节育器(IUD)的临床效果.方法 选择2017年11月至2018年5月在江苏省淮安市妇幼保健院行人工流产的100例已育妇女作为研究对象.根据不同分娩方式史分为A组(n=50,剖宫产史)和B组(n=50,阴道分娩史).两组均在人工流产术中同时放置...     

High uptake of postpartum hormonal contraception among HIV-1-seropositive women in Kenya

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine patterns of contraceptive utilization among sexually active HIV-1-seropositive women postpartum and to identify correlates of hormonal contraception uptake. GOAL: The goal of this study was to improve delivery of family planning services to HIV-1-infected women in resource-limited settings. STUDY DESIGN: HIV-1-infected pregnant women were followed prospectively in a perinatal HIV-1 transmission study. Participants were referred to local clinics for contraceptive counseling and management. RESULTS: Among 319 HIV-1-infected women, median time to sexual activity postpartum was 2 months and 231 (72%) women used hormonal contraception for at least 2 months during follow-up, initiating use at approximately 3 months postpartum (range, 1-11 months). Overall, 101 (44%) used DMPA, 71 (31%) oral contraception, and 59 (25%) switched methods during follow-up. Partner notification, infant mortality, and condom use were similar between those using and not using contraception. CONCLUSIONS: Using existing the healthcare infrastructure, it is possible to achieve high levels of postpartum hormonal contraceptive utilization among HIV-1-seropositive women.     

Pregnancy and dermatologic surgery

The physiologic changes of pregnancy and risks to the fetus require attention during dermatologic surgery. Elective surgery should be performed in the second trimester or the postpartum period. Cosmetic work should occur after delivery to avoid hypertrophic or hyperpigmented scars. Skin preparatory agents and anesthetics may have fetal implications and should be chosen with care. Antibiotic selection for any infections must take into account possible maternal and fetal risks. Attention to detail and awareness of the changes in pregnancy should lead to safe surgery in the pregnant patient.     

PSORIASIS AND PREGNANCY: HORMONE AND IMMUNE SYSTEM INTERACTION

Background. Various hormonal states are known to be associated with the waxing and waning of psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis commonly experience changes in their cutaneous disease during pregnancy or post partum. Objective. We evaluated 100 women with psoriasis by questionnaire and interview. The women had been seen at the Baylor Psoriasis Center, Dallas, and had experienced a pregnancy while having psoriasis. The answers were sorted and tabulated. In addition, we reviewed the literature to ascertain possible causes of clinical changes in psoriasis during pregnancy. Results. Ninety questionnaires were completed. Sixty-nine women (76.7%) described a change In their psoriasis during pregnancy with 57 (63.3%) noting improvement. Seventy-nine patients (87.7%) had a postpartum flare, most within 4 months of delivery. Conclusions. The majority of women with psoriasis, who become pregnant, experience a change, usually an improvement, in their cutaneous disease. Pregnancy is associated with hormonal changes in estrogens and progesterone resulting in a state of altered immune surveillance.     

剖宫产与阴道分娩对女性产后性功能影响的比较研究

目的:研究剖宫产与阴道分娩对女性产后性功能的影响。方法:采用横断面调查方法,分析在我院产科分娩活胎的240例初产妇产后3个月和6个月的性生活质量情况,其中剖腹产组100例,阴道分娩组140例。结果:剖宫产组和阴道分娩组在产后3个月,恢复性生活者分别占79.00%、55.00%,性交疼痛者分别占30.00%,59.29%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);产后6个月差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组产妇产后性生活满意度无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:剖宫产与阴道分娩对女性产后性功能的影响在产后3个月有显著差异,但产后6个月差异明显减少。女性为保护性能力而选择剖宫产不科学。