Influence of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ axis on normal pregnancy

Objective To investigate the role of growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) axis in normal pregnancy. Methods Totally, 116 normal pregnant women were recruited from January 1997 to June 1998, with 20 normal nonpregnant women as controls. Maternal growth hormone (GH) and IGF-Ⅰ concentrations were assayed by RIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results Maternal serum levels of GH increased throughout gestation, reached a peak at 25 weeks of pregnancy and remained fairly high (χ[2]=40.458, P<0.0001).There was a significant difference between samples at 5-9 week gestational age and the controls (3.45 μg/L vs 1.61 μg/L, P<0.05). The maternal serum levels of IGF-Ⅰincreased rapidly throughout gestation from 29-week gestation and reached a peak of 188.86 μg/L at term delivery (χ[2]=50.224, P<0.0001). Conclusions Maternal GH levels increased progressively throughout gestation, which correlated with fetal growth. Maternal GH may regulate nutrition supply among mother, placenta and the fetus and play an important role in transporting nutritional substrates by the placenta. The maternal IGF-Ⅰin the third trimester may promote fetal growth and placental functions.     

Expression of transforming growth factor-β_1 and its typeⅠ receptor in different phases of post-burn hypertrophic scars

Haer'trophic scar (all) is an excessive healing resPOnse that 'follows theed or mechwhcal injury, characterized by excessive etheellular mathe (ECM) synthesisand deposihon. ac has tonical clinical aSPeCtS, such aselythema, Pain, dysaesthesia, PwhtUs and elevation. Induchon of all is followed by an achvation Phase with exacethated symptomS that may persist for months or yeaxs.Ih subseqUent cession Ph~, all the symptoms decrease, the me may flatten and eventUally become stableafter months …     

Construction of recombinant adenovirus co-expression vector carrying the human transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor genes and its effect on anterior cruciate ligament fibroblasts

Background  Remodeling of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft usually takes longer than expected. Gene therapy offers a radical different approach to remodeling of the graft. In this study, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence was used to construct a new recombinant adenovirus which permits co-expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) and vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) genes (named Ad-VEGF165-IRES-TGFβ1). We investigated the effects of the new adenovirus on the migration of and matrix synthesis by ACL fibroblasts.
Methods  Adenoviral vector containing TGFβ1 and VEGF165 genes was constructed. ACL fibroblasts were obtained from New Zealand white rabbits. After ACL fibroblasts were exposed to Ad-VEGF165-IRES-TGFβ1, the expression of VEGF165 and TGFβ1 proteins were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting analysis. Bioassay of VEGF165 and TGFβ1 proteins were assessed by Western blotting analysis. Proliferation and migration of ACL fibroblasts were assessed by in vitro wound closure assay. Gene expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, and fibronectin mRNA among matrix markers were assessed by real-time PCR.
Results  The results showed the successful construction of a recombinant co-expression adenovirus vector containing TGFβ1 and VEGF165 genes. Co-expression of TGFβ1 and VEGF165 can induce relatively rapid and continuous proliferation of ACL fibroblasts and high gene expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, and fibronectin mRNA among matrix markers.
Conclusion  Co-expression of TGFβ1 and VEGF165 genes has more powerful and efficient effects on the migration of and matrix synthesis by ACL fibroblasts.

     

Hyperbaric oxygen intervention on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor after spinal cord injury models in rats

【Abstract】Objective: To observe the change of expression of Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after spinal cord injury at different time and to investigate the Neuroprotective mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods: 160 adult Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing between 250g and 300g,were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups (n=40 per group). SCI group: SCI was created with special NYU impactor of Allen’s by a 25gram-centimeter (GCM) impacting energy on T10 of the spinal cord. SCI HBO group: hyperbaric oxygen therapy after spinal cord injury model was established. Sham operation（SH）group: only laminectomy of T10 and no impact on the spinal cord was done. SH HBO group: hyperbaric oxygen therapy after sham operation. The hindlimb functional recovery was evaluated using Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score and the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were observed with fluorescent quantitation PCR and Western-Blot method of six rats picked randomly from each group at different times of 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after operation. Result: Rats in the SCI group and SCI HBO group were paralyzed completely after operation with BBB 0-1 score. Rats in the SH group and SH HBO group could walk after sham operation with BBB 20-21 score. The BBB scores of rats in SCI HBO group was higher than that in SCI group at 7d and 14d time point obviously (P＜0.05);The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF in SCI group and SCI HBO group was higher than in SH group and SH HBO group at any time point obviously (P＜0.05);while the SCI HBO group presented the least expression of HIF-1α at 3d,7d and 14d time points (P＜0.05) and more expression of VEGF at 7d and 14d (P＜0.05) than that of the SCI group with significant difference. Conclusion: The experimental research showed HBO could improve the hind limb functional recovery after SCI in rats;The higher expression of HIF-1α and VEGF could promote repair of damaged spinal cord after SCI;The elevation and duration of the expression of VEGF and the expression of HIF-1α by HBO intervention maybe inversely related in the repair of damaged spinal cord and neuroprotective effect.     

Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 on the healing of reconstructed dura by carbon dioxide laser soldering in minipigs

Background  Carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser soldering is an alternative technique for tissue bonding. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor β₁ (TGFβ₁) are two key factors for wound healing. This study was performed to demonstrate the efficacy of CO₂ laser soldering for dural reconstruction and the effect of bFGF and TGFβ₁ on healing.

Methods  In Part I, 10 minipigs were randomized into two equal groups. Dural defects were reconstructed by conventional fibrin glue bonding (group I_a) or CO₂ laser soldering (group I_b). The reconstructed dura was subjected to burst pressure (BP) measurement and immunohistochemical staining after 1 week. In Part II, 36 minipigs were randomized into three equal groups. Dural reconstruction was achieved by CO₂ laser soldering. Exogenous bFGF (group II_b) or TGFβ₁ (group II_c) was administered while group II_a served as a control group. The specimens were subjected to BP measurement after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively.

Results  In Part I, the dura specimens displayed positive staining of only bFGF in group I_a and of both bFGF and TGFβ₁ in group I_b. Group I_b showed higher BP than group I_a ((98.00±21.41) mmHg vs. (70.80±15.09) mmHg, respectively; P <0.05). In Part II, BP of group II_c was significantly higher than that of group II_a (P <0.01). The BP of group II_a trended toward stabilization after 3 weeks of growth, while that of groups II_b and II_c trended toward stabilization after 2 weeks of growth.

Conclusions  CO₂ laser soldering is a reliable technique for dural reconstruction. The superior healing of dural reconstruction by CO₂ laser soldering may be related to higher expression of bFGF and TGFβ₁, and CO₂ lasers may stimulate their secretion. Exogenous bFGF or TGFβ₁ may improve healing by shortening the wound healing time, and exogenous TGFβ₁ may improve the tensile strength.

     

Relationship of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitrogen oxide with treatment of frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome by Shenkangling Granule in children

Objective: To observe the relationship of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitrogen oxide (NO) with the treatment of frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) and to explore the pathogenesis of FRNS and the therapeutic mechanism of Shenkangling (SKL) Granule in children.Methods: Sixty children suffering from FRNS were randomly divided into the treated group and control group, 30 in each, and the other 30 healthy children were taken as healthy group. The patients were treated with prednisone for a long-term course, and those with no effect or partial effect shown were treated with additional Tripterygium or Cytoxan in the control group, while in the treated group patients were treated with prednisone and additional SKL. The two groups were compared as to their changes of TNF-α, NO before and after treatment, and the relapses after treatment.Results: The levels of TNF-α and NO in the sick children before treatment were markedly higher than those after treatment and normal group (P < 0.01). The positive correlation between TNF-α of FRNS cases and relapse risk displayed more significance than that between the relapse of FRNS and NO. The difference between treated group and control group was significant (P < 0.01).Conclusion: TNF-α can be regarded as the monitoring parameter of the active phase in FRNS, and the higher the level, the more possible the relapse would occur. SKL could markedly reduce the relapse rate of FRNS in children.     

Intra-coronary administration of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products attenuates cardiac remodeling with decreased myocardial transforming growth factor-β1 expression and fibrosis in minipigs with ischemia-reperfusion injury

Background  The cardioprotective effects of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) have not been evaluated in large animals and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intra-coronary administration of sRAGE on left ventricular function and myocardial remodeling in a porcine model of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Methods  Ten male minipigs with I/R injury were randomly allocated to receive intra-coronary administration of sRAGE (sRAGE group, n=5) or saline (control group, n=5). Echocardiography was performed before and 2 months after infarction. Myocardial expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and fibrosis was evaluated by Sirius red staining.
Results  As compared with the baseline values in the control animals, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (from (19.5±5.1) to (32.3±5.6) ml, P <0.05) and end-systolic volume (from (8.3±3.2) to (15.2±4.1) ml, P <0.05) were significantly increased, whereas ejection fraction was decreased (from (61.6±13.3)% to (50.2±11.9)%, P <0.05). No obvious change in these parameters was observed in the sRAGE group. Myocardial expression of TGF-β1 was significantly elevated in the infarct and non-infarct regions in the control group, as compared with sRAGE group (both P <0.01). Fibrotic lesions were consistently more prominent in the infarct region of the myocardium in the control animals (P <0.05). 
Conclusion  Intra-coronary sRAGE administration attenuates RAGE-mediated myocardial fibrosis and I/R injury through a TGF-β1-dependent mechanism, suggesting a clinical potential in treating RAGE/ligand-associated cardiovascular diseases.

     

Effect of electro-acupuncture on tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor in peripheral blood and joint synovia of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Objective  

To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peripheral blood and joint synovia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to verify the clinical efficacy of EA.     

强的松治疗对肾病综合征儿童血清IGF-Ⅰ及IGFBPs的影响

目的　了解儿童肾病综合征 (NS)及糖皮质激素 (GC)治疗对血清胰岛素样生长因子 Ⅰ (IGF Ⅰ )及其结合蛋白(IGFBPs)的影响。方法　采用免疫放射法对 36名NS患儿 ,即未治疗的活动期组 (ANS ,12例 ) ,强的松治疗中活动期组 (GNS ,12例 )和缓解期组 (RE ,12例 ) ,进行了血清IGF Ⅰ及其IGFBPs水平测定 ,并以同年龄组正常儿童作对照 (NC ,10例 )。结果　 (1)与正常对照比较 ,NS活动期血清IGF Ⅰ和IGFBP 3明显降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而IGFBP 1和IGFBP 2均明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ;(2 )NS缓解期血清IGF Ⅰ和IGFBP 3明显高于活动期 (P <0 0 1) ,而IGFBP 1和IGFBP 2明显低于活动期 (P <0 0 1) ;(3)经激素治疗的活动期组血清IGF Ⅰ和IGFBP 3均明显高于未治疗活动期组 (P <0 0 1) ,IGFBP 1和IGFBP 2水平也明显低于ANS组 (P <0 0 1) ;(4)NS活动期血清IGFBP 3与ALB成正相关 (r=0 76 ,P<0 0 1) ,血清IGF Ⅰ与IGFBP 3成正相关 ,而与IGFBP 1、IGFBP 2成负相关。在缓解期及激素治疗中的活动期血清IGF Ⅰ及IGFBPs与ALB及CHO没有相关关系。结论　 1)儿童肾病综合征活动期血清IGF Ⅰ和IGFBPs发生明显改变 ,这种改变在缓解期可恢复正常。 2 )糖皮质激素治疗对肾病综合征儿童血清IGF Ⅰ和IGFBPs有明显影响。 3)肾病综合征儿童     

缬沙坦治疗小儿肾病综合征27例血、尿蛋白观察

目的:探讨缬沙坦对肾病综合征患儿尿蛋白及血浆白蛋白的影响。方法:将54例肾病综合征患儿随机分为卡托普利组和缬沙坦组,两组患儿均给予糖皮质激素治疗、利尿治疗、抗凝治疗,并分别给予卡托普利、缬沙坦治疗,观察比较两组患儿在治疗2周和2个月后的尿蛋白和血浆白蛋白水平及不良反应。结果:两组患儿治疗2个月后尿蛋白转阴和血浆白蛋白升高有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:缬沙坦治疗小儿肾病综合征疗效明显,不良反应较轻。     

儿童原发性肾病综合征激素耐药性与外周血淋巴细胞激素受体mRNA表达水平的相关性

目的探讨原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿糖皮质激素(GC)耐药性与糖皮质激素受体mRNA(包括GRα与GRβ)表达的相关性。方法选择2012年6月—2014年12月儿科住院的初诊并予大剂量激素治疗PNS患儿80例作为研究组,按照患儿GC疗效反应分为激素敏感亚组与耐药亚组;另选择正常同龄儿童30例作为健康对照组。于治疗前采取静脉血5 ml,使用荧光定量PCR方法检测并比较外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中GRα和GRβ的mRNA表达水平。结果 80例PNS患儿中出现GC耐药15例(18.8%),GC敏感65例(81.2%),与健康对照组相比,研究组PBMCs的GRαmRNA、GRβmRNA表达水平均较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与GC耐药亚组相比,GC敏感亚组PBMCs的GRβmRNA表达水平较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而GRαmRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。采用Logistic回归分析校正相关混杂因素后显示,患儿PBMCs的GRβmRNA表达水平是GC耐药性的独立危险因素(OR=2.17,95%CI 1.17~9.21,P<0.05)。结论儿童PNS PBMCs的GRβmRNA表达水平是GC耐药性的独立危险因素,可作为预测GC反应性的临床参考指标。     

泼尼松联合阿法骨化醇治疗原发性肾病综合征的临床观察

目的观察泼尼松联合阿法骨化醇治疗原发性肾病综合征的临床疗效。方法选择2008年1月—2009年10月住院及门诊治疗的原发性肾病综合征患者56例,随机分为2组:C组28例常规泼尼松治疗,T组28例常规泼尼松联合阿法骨化醇(0.5μg/d)治疗,比较2组治疗前后临床症状的改善,血清钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、25-(OH)_2D_3以及1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平以及尿蛋白定量变化。结果治疗3、6及12个月后,T组缓解率均明显高于C组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月,C组患者24 h尿蛋白下降(P<0.05),血钙、血磷、血25-(OH)_2D_3及1,25-(OH)_2D_3、PTH水平稍有改善,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T组血钙、25-(OH)_2D_3及1,25-(OH)_2D_3水平上升(P<0.05),24 h尿蛋白、PTH水平下降(P<0.05),且与C组治疗后相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),而血磷水平无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论泼尼松联合阿法骨化醇治疗原发性肾病综合征疗效明显。     

护理干预在小儿肾病综合征中的应用效果观察

目的探讨护理干预在小儿肾病综合征中的应用效果。方法将我院收治的肾病综合征患儿64例随机分为研究组和对照组,每组32例。对照组患儿给予常规护理,研究组患儿在常规护理的基础上给予护理干预,包括住院期间的心理护理,指导饮食及用药;出院前的健康教育,用药指导;出院后的定期随访等方法。观察两组患儿遵医行为、治愈及复发情况。结果①研究组患儿遵医行为较对照组显著提高（P〈0．01）;临床疗效较对照组明显改善（P〈0．05）。②出院后随访1年,研究组患儿复发率较对照组低（P〈0．05）。结论护理干预可以提高小儿肾病综合征的遵医行为,提高治疗效果,降低复发率。     

苯那普利对小儿原发性肾病综合征脂质代谢及微循环的影响

目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂对肾病综合征患儿血脂、微循环及疗效的影响。方法　将 3 8例服用泼尼松的肾病综合征患儿分为治疗组 (n =18)及对照组 (n =2 0 ) ,治疗组在常规激素治疗基础上加服苯那普利2 .5～ 5mg·d-1,检测两组治疗前后血脂、肾功能及微循环等指标。结果　两组治疗后 2 4h尿蛋白定量均显著低于治疗前 (P <0 .0 5 )。对照组治疗前后血脂无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,微循环中血流速度等无明显改善 ;而治疗组治疗前后各项生化指标、血流速度及红细胞聚集现象均明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　苯那普利可降低肾病综合征血脂水平 ,改善其外周微循环 ,提高疗效。     

特发性肾病综合征对儿童骨代谢的影响

目的:探讨特发性肾病综合征(INS)活动期对儿童骨代谢的影响.方法:检测比较48例初发且未经激素治疗的活动期INS患儿和30例正常的健康儿童(对照组)的血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、总碱性磷酸酶(TALP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BALP)和骨钙素(OC)水平,并摄前臂骨X线片.结果:INS组血清Ca、OC水平低于对照组(P＜0.01),血清BALP、PTH水平较对照组升高(P＜0.01),血清P、TALP水平与对照组比较差异不显著(P＞0.05);INS患儿中,24 h尿蛋白定量≥0.2 g/kg亚组与24 h尿蛋白定量＜0.2 g/kg亚组比较,血清Ca、OC水平明显降低(P＜0.01),而血清BALP水平明显升高(P＜0.05),血清PTH水平差异无显著性(P＞0.05).48例INS患儿的前臂骨摄片均未见异常改变.结论:特发性肾病综合征活动期患儿存在骨代谢异常,血清BALP、0C水平能敏感地反映其骨代谢变化.     

肾病综合征患儿接受环孢霉素A治疗过程中血管内皮生长因子的变化

目的：研究环孢霉素A（CyA）对于肾病综合征患儿血浆和尿液中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平的影响。方法：治疗组包括15例患儿（F6，M9；组I），分别在以下时间段对其进行临床检测：①蛋白尿复发期，CyA治疗前；②3个月后；③6个月后；④12个月后，给予CyA、脱氢可的松和转化酶抑制剂联合治疗。对照组（组II）包括20名健康儿童。采用免疫酶联ELISA法，检测受试儿童血浆和尿液中的VEGF浓度；同时，采用免疫荧光技术检测血浆CyA浓度。采用统计软件Statistica6．0，对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果：本项试验过程中，①时间段内患儿血浆中的VEGF水平高于对照组（P〈0．01）。蛋白尿消退后（②时段），两组之间血浆中VEGF水平无显差异（P〉0．05）。给予CyA治疗后6个月和12个月，患儿VEGF浓度增高，并高于对照组儿童（P〈0．05）。在各检测时段内，治疗组患儿尿液中的VEGF排泄量均高于对照组，并且随着治疗时间和血浆CyA水平的增加而成比例地增高。血浆和尿液VEGF水平之间、血浆VEGF浓度和CyA浓度之间，均呈现正相关。     

尿可溶性CD163水平对儿童原发性肾病综合征激素治疗反应的预测价值

目的 分析尿sCD163水平与儿童原发性肾病综合征糖皮质激素治疗反应之间的关系,并探索其对糖皮质激素治疗反应的预测价值.方法 选择肾病综合征患儿120例.根据患儿对糖皮质激素治疗的反应,分为激素治疗有反应组(有反应组)70例及激素治疗无反应组(无反应组)50例.使用酶联免疫吸附法测定尿液sCD163水平,并使用尿肌酐浓...