平胃消导胶囊对功能性消化不良模型大鼠胃电活动和胃肠激素的影响

[目的]观察平胃消导胶囊对情志刺激引起的功能性消化不良（FD）模型大鼠胃电活动和胃肠激素水平的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。[方法]将实验大鼠随机分为6组：空白对照组,模型组,多潘立酮药物对照组,平胃消导胶囊大、中、小剂量组。除空白对照组外,其余各组用夹尾激怒法复制FD大鼠模型,观察和对比各组大鼠胃窦消化间期综合肌电（IMC）活动,检测血浆胃动素（MOT）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）水平,并以此评价药物疗效。[结果]与模型组相比,平胃消导胶囊治疗组IMC周期缩短（P〈0．05,〈0．01）、Ⅲ相时程延长（P〈0．01）、Ⅲ相发生率增高（P〈0．05,〈0．01）,血浆MOT水平升高（P〈0．05,〈0．01）,VIP水平降低（P〈0．01）。[结论]平胃消导胶囊可增强FD模型大鼠胃电活动,恢复性调节MOT、VIP）水平,表现出良好的整体调节和促进胃排空作用。加大剂量治疗效果更好,是治疗FD疗效确切的中药制剂。     

肝胃不和型功能性消化不良大鼠幽门括约肌乙酰胆碱酯酶及一氧化氮合酶的表达

目的:研究肝胃不和型功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠幽门括约肌乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的变化,探讨情志舒方对其影响及作用机制.方法:采用夹尾刺激法制作FD大鼠模型.采用还原型辅酶Ⅱ和亚铁氰化铜直接显色的组织化学方法分别检测AChE、NOS阳性神经元成分的变化.结果:模型组幽门括约肌AChE、NOS的表达比正常组显著减少(P<0.01),情志舒组与多潘立酮组比模型组显著升高(P<0.05,<0.01);情志舒组疗效优于多潘立酮组(P<0.05).结论:FD幽门括约肌内ACh减少,NO过度释放.情志舒可使幽门括约肌AChE、NOS阳性神经原成分表达升高,增加ACh的表达,抑制NO过度释放,增加胃肠动力.     

多种胃肠激素在消化间期移行性复合运动中作用的研究

目的　通过研究胃肠激素与消化间期移行性复合运动(MMC)的关系,探讨 MMC发生及其调节机制。方法　应用胃十二指肠测压技术对30例健康志愿者的消化间期胃十二指肠运动的特征进行研究,并在检测过程中分别于MMCⅠ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ相采集静脉血行胃动素(MTL)、生长抑素(SS)、P物质(SP)及一氧化氮(NO)的血浆浓度检测。结果　MMC周期为112.7 min±37.2 min,MMCⅠ相最长,Ⅱ相次之、Ⅲ相最短,MMCⅢ相多起源于胃窦,也可起源于十二指肠。MMC多向远端移行,偶见逆向传导。MMCⅢ相血浆MTL为921.7 pg/ml±109.8 pg/ml,SP为10.9 pg/ml±7.2 pg/ml,明显多于Ⅰ相(分别为334.7 pg/ml±58.1 pg/ml,11.3 pg/ml±8.8 pg/ml)和Ⅱ相(分别为 370.0 pg/ml±69.2 pg/ml,11.0 pg/ml±10.0 pg/ml),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血浆 SS、NO水平各时相相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论　MTL、SP可能与 MMCⅢ相的诱发有关。血浆 SS、NO水平可能对胃肠MMC无直接作用。     

四磨汤对肝脾气滞证功能性消化不良患者血清、胃底、胃窦及十二指肠中NO、AchE、CCK、SP的影响

[目的]观察四磨汤口服液对肝脾气滞证功能性消化不良(FD)患者血清、胃底、胃窦及十二指肠中NO、AchE、CCK、SP的影响。[方法]将符合纳入标准的FD患者60例,随机分为四磨汤+模拟多潘立酮治疗组30例和多潘立酮+模拟四磨汤对照组30例,治疗14d,观察治疗前后患者血清、胃底、胃窦及十二指肠中NO、AchE、CCK、SP变化情况。[结果]经过14d治疗后,四磨汤和多潘立酮均能降低FD患者血清、胃底、胃窦及十二指肠中NO、CCK的含量,提高FD患者血清、胃底、胃窦及十二指肠中AchE、SP的含量,从而调节FD患者胃肠运动,且四磨汤对FD患者胃肠激素的调节作用优于多潘立酮,2组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。[结论]四磨汤对FD患者血清、胃底、胃窦及十二指肠中NO、AchE、CCK、SP物质含量的调节,可能是其治疗肝脾气滞证FD的作用机制之一。     

功能性消化不良患者胃十二指肠运动功能的研究

目的 探讨功能性消化不良患者的胃十二指肠运动功能改变,方法 对31例FD患者进行胃十二指肠测压研究,并与29例正常人对照,结果 FD患者消化间期移动性复合运动（MMC）Ⅲ期缺乏,占71%,同时Ⅲ期收缩波幅及胃窦Ⅲ期持续时间缩短。结论 FD患者存在胃十二指肠运动异常,可能是其致病原因之一。     

槟榔对大鼠胃运动及神经递质的影响

[目的]探讨槟榔对大鼠胃排空运动的影响及其机制,为临床应用槟榔提供理论依据。[方法]48只Wistar大鼠随机分为低浓度（25％）槟榔（A）组、高浓度（100％）槟榔（B）组、对照（c）组。分别给大鼠灌服低、高浓度槟榔液、蒸馏水1、6h后,以葡聚糖蓝-2000为胃内标记物,观察大鼠胃肠动力变化;同时用免疫组化染色观察胃窦肌间神经丛P物质（SP）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）的变化;放射免疫分析法测定胃窦、空肠组织匀浆及血浆胃动素（MOT）、SP、VIP水平。[结果]灌服低、高浓度槟榔液1、6h后大鼠胃排空运动明显增强,胃窦肌间神经丛SP明显增加,VIP明显减少（均P〈0．01或〈0．05）;胃窦及空肠组织匀浆MOT、SP明显增加,VIP明显减少（均P〈0．01或〈0．05）;血浆MOT、SP明显增加,VIP明显减少（均P〈0．01或〈0．05）。[结论]槟榔对大鼠胃运动有明显促进作用,其机制可能与胃窦肌间神经丛、胃窦及空肠组织、血浆SP;胃窦及空肠组织、血浆MOT增加及胃窦肌间神经丛、胃窦及空肠组织、血浆VIP减少有关。     

小陷胸汤治疗功能性消化不良的实验研究

[目的]探讨小陷胸汤对功能性消化不良（FD）模型大鼠的作用机制。[方法]采用不规则喂养配合夹尾刺激法建立FD大鼠模型，予以小陷胸汤水煎液灌胃治疗。观测大鼠胃固体排空率，检测胃组织内一氧化氮（NO）及血浆胃动素（MOT）水平，并与空白对照组、模型对照组和多潘力酮组进行比较。[结果]小陷胸汤能明显升高胃排空率（P〈0．05），与多潘力酮等效（P〉0．05）；能显著降低胃组织NO水平，且优于多潘力酮（P〈0．01）；能明显升高血浆MOT水平（P〈0．05），与多潘力酮等效（P〉0．05）。[结论]小陷胸汤能提高FD大鼠胃固体排空率；减轻NO对胃排空的抑制；增强MOT水平，促进胃排空。在降低胃组织NO方面明显优于多潘力酮。     

疏肝和胃汤对功能性消化不良大鼠血胃动素和胃泌素的影响

目的:观察疏肝和胃汤对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠血中胃动素(MOT)和胃泌素(GAS)的影响,从该方对胃肠激素的调节作用方面揭示其促胃动力作用机制.方法:采用夹尾激怒法制作FD大鼠模型.实验设立了空白对照组,模型组,疏肝和胃汤大、中、小剂量组及对照组,各组治疗后取血,应用放射免疫法检测血中MOT及GAS的含量.结果:模型组血中MOT、GAS含量显著降低,经治疗后,疏肝和胃汤组及对照组均明显升高,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01),而疏肝和胃汤组及对照组之间差异无统计学意义.结论:疏肝和胃汤升高血中MOT和GAS的含量,并通过其效应而发挥促胃动力作用,可能是该方促进胃排空的作用机制之一,其机制可能与莫沙比利有相似之处.     

枳实消痞汤对急性肝功能衰竭大鼠消化间期移行性运动复合波的影响

目的观察枳实消痞汤高、中、低剂量以及莫沙比利对急性肝功能衰竭大鼠胃肠消化间期移行性运动复合波（MMC）的影响及其变化特点。方法采用D-氨基半乳糖急性肝功能衰竭大鼠模型,用多道生理记录仪分别记录正常对照组（10只）和急性肝功能衰竭组（10只）,莫沙比利组（10只）以及枳实消痞汤高（10只）、中（10只）、低剂量组（10只）的胃肠消化间期MMC,并对各组大鼠胃肠消化间期MMC的各项指标进行比较分析。结果与莫沙比利组相比较,枳实消痞汤高剂量组和中剂量组胃窦、十二指肠、空肠MMCⅡ相差异没有统计学意义（P=0.658,P=0.879）;与低剂量组相比较,中剂量组胃窦、十二指肠、空肠MMCⅡ相显著缩短（P=0.001）;与莫沙比利组相比较,枳实消痞汤高剂量组和中剂量组胃窦、十二指肠、空肠MMCⅢ相持续时间差异没有统计学意义（P值分别为0.567和0.441）,枳实消痞汤高剂量组和中剂量组相比较,胃窦、十二指肠、空肠MMCⅢ相持续时间差异没有统计学意义（P=0.841）;与低剂量组相比较,高剂量组和中剂量组胃窦、十二指肠、空肠MMCⅢ相持续时间明显延长,差异均有统计学意义（P=0.006,P=0.004）;与莫沙比利组相比较,枳实消痞汤高、中、低剂量组对周期的改变差异没有统计学意义（P=0.372,0.347,0.716）。结论急性肝功能衰竭大鼠MMCⅡ相显著延长,呈移行性簇状收缩,MMCⅢ相明显缩短,这可能是导致急性肝功能衰竭大鼠胃肠动力障碍的主要原因。枳实消痞汤高、中、低剂量和莫沙比利组对急性肝功能衰竭大鼠的MMCⅡ相缩短和MMCⅢ相延长有明显的改善,其中枳实消痞汤高剂量、中剂量和莫沙比利组临床效果相近。提示枳实消痞汤对改善急性肝功能衰竭大鼠胃动力障碍起到了积极的作用。     

胃痛消痞方对脾胃虚寒型功能性消化不良大鼠胃肠动力和胃动素的影响

目的:观察胃痛消痞方对功能性消化不良(FD)大鼠胃肠动力、血浆胃动素(MOT)的影响.方法:将66只大鼠以食醋灌胃建立FD模型,随机分为空白组、模型组、中药(低、中、高)剂量组、多潘立酮组;分别用生理盐水、不同浓度的胃痛消痞方、多潘立酮,每日2次灌胃治疗14 d:观测各组大鼠血浆MOT水平、小肠推进比、胃内排空率.结果:与模型组比较,各浓度胃痛消痞方均能明显提高血浆MOT含量、提高小肠推进比,差异有统计学意义(MOT含量:104.57 pmol/L±14.05 pmol/L,124.90 pmol/L±15.21 pmol/L,125.84 pmol/L±27.67 pmol/L vs 81.95 pmol/L±12.02 pmol/L,P<0.01;小肠推进比:55.62%±2.92%,56.91%±4.65%.59.04%±3.24%vs 51.80%±3.57%,P<0.01),空白组、中药中、高剂量组之间小肠推进比无明显差异(P>0.05),但均高于多潘立酮组(P<0.01);能提高胃排空率,与多潘立酮组无统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:胃痛消痞方能通过提高血浆中MOT水平,从而促进脾胃虚寒型FD大鼠的胃肠动力.     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fos and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44~(MAPK), p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44~(MAPK) and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between P42/44~(MAPK) and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Raf/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44~(MAPK), c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

Overweight and Obesity and Progression of ADPKD

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Replication and Inhibitors of Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses

The Enterovirus (EV) and Parechovirus genera of the picornavirus family include many important human pathogens, including poliovirus, rhinovirus, EV-A71, EV-D68, and human parechoviruses (HPeV). They cause a wide variety of diseases, ranging from a simple common cold to life-threatening diseases such as encephalitis and myocarditis. At the moment, no antiviral therapy is available against these viruses and it is not feasible to develop vaccines against all EVs and HPeVs due to the great number of serotypes. Therefore, a lot of effort is being invested in the development of antiviral drugs. Both viral proteins and host proteins essential for virus replication can be used as targets for virus inhibitors. As such, a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication is pivotal in the design of antiviral strategies goes hand in hand with a good understanding of the complex process of virus replication. In this review, we will give an overview of the current state of knowledge of EV and HPeV replication and how this can be inhibited by small-molecule inhibitors.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.     

心电图、心电向量图与冠状动脉造影结果对比分析

目的:通过分析心电图(Electrocardiogram,ECG)和心电向量图(Vectorcardiogram,VCG)的改变与冠脉造影（CAG）结果进行对比,探讨ECG、VCG在冠状动脉病变中的诊断价值。方法: 选择2008年1月~2009年12月临床拟诊断为冠心病患者108例,行常规ECG、VCG检查,并于1周内进行CAG,对检查结果依据各自的诊断标准进行判定,以CAG为标准诊断法,利用四格表法,计算相关评价真实性的指标并进行比较。结果: ①VCG检测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度显著高于ECG(P<0.05,P<0．01)。②ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变支数组间比较:在单支病变、双支病变中,VCG阳性率明显高于ECG(P<0.05),左主干或三支病变无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变、双支病变阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01);VCG组左主干或三支病变组较单支病变阳性率高(P<0.05);与双支病变阳性率比较无统计学意义;③ECG、VCG阳性率与冠脉病变程度组间比较:冠脉病变狭窄50%～69%的VCG阳性率明显高于ECG (P<0.05),其他两组阳性率比较无统计学意义;组内比较:ECG组冠脉病变狭窄≥90%较50%～69%、70%～89%的阳性率高(P<0.05,P<0.01); VCG组狭窄≥90%较50%～69%阳性率高（P<0.01),其他无统计学意义。结论: VCG对冠心病检测价值显著高于ECG。     

Detection and characterization of the product of hydroethidine and intracellular superoxide by HPLC and limitations of fluorescence

Here we report the structural characterization of the product formed from the reaction between hydroethidine (HE) and superoxide (O(2)(.-)). By using mass spectral and NMR techniques, the chemical structure of this product was determined as 2-hydroxyethidium (2-OH-E(+)). By using an authentic standard, we developed an HPLC approach to detect and quantitate the reaction product of HE and O(2)(.-) formed in bovine aortic endothelial cells after treatment with menadione or antimycin A to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species. Concomitantly, we used a spin trap, 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (BMPO), to detect and identify the structure of reactive oxygen species formed. BMPO trapped the O(2)(.-) that formed extracellularly and was detected as the BMPO-OH adduct during use of the EPR technique. BMPO, being cell-permeable, inhibited the intracellular formation of 2-OH-E(+). However, the intracellular BMPO spin adduct was not detected. The definitive characterization of the reaction product of O(2)(.-) with HE described here forms the basis of an unambiguous assay for intracellular detection and quantitation of O(2)(.-). Analysis of the fluorescence characteristics of ethidium (E(+)) and 2-OH-E(+) strongly suggests that the currently available fluorescence methodology is not suitable for quantitating intracellular O(2)(.-). We conclude that the HPLC/fluorescence assay using HE as a probe is more suitable [corrected] for detecting intracellular O(2)(.-).     

Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice

Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites formed, significant differences were found between males and females, but not between the experiments. Additionally, the immunoreactivity of these metabolites was assessed by screening the HPLC fractions with four enzyme immunoassays (EIA). However, only a newly established EIA for 5alpha-pregnane-3beta,11beta,21-triol-20-one (measuring corticosterone metabolites with a 5alpha-3beta,11beta-diol structure) detected several peaks of radioactive metabolites with high intensity in both sexes, while the other EIAs showed only minor immunoreactivity. Thus, our study for the first time provides substantial information about metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice and is the first demonstrating a significant impact of the animals' sex and the time of day. Based on these data it should be possible to monitor adrenocortical activity non-invasively in this species by measuring fecal corticosterone metabolites with the newly developed EIA. Since mice are extensively used in research world-wide, this could open new perspectives in various fields from ecology to behavioral endocrinology.     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养和外源基因的导入

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白基因转染骨髓间质干细胞的可行性。方法采用F icoll-PaqueTMP lus淋巴细胞分离液,根据细胞密度梯度原理,分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(rM SC s)并进行体外原代培养和传代扩增,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况,免疫细胞化学法对其初步鉴定。流式细胞仪分析转染效率。结果原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观,具有较强的生长增殖能力;细胞均一表达CD44、CD54、CD106、CD29抗原。电穿孔法转染rM SC s转染率为32.8%±3%。结论采用比重为1.077 g/L的F icoll-PaqueTMP lus能分离获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,经原代培养和传代培养能够迅速扩增。电穿孔法具有较高的介导外源基因表达于rM SC s的效率。