玻璃体切除术后白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术后的白内障超声乳化手术的可行性、临床特点及特殊手术方法。方法：共21例患者(21只眼)在玻璃体切除手术7～27个月后接受超声乳化手术，回顾分析其术中操作困难因素、并发症和视力结果。结果：白内障超声乳化手术后19只眼视力提高，1只眼视力无变化，1只眼视力降低。术中几乎在所有病例均可遇到前房深度、瞳孔直径和后囊膜位置骤然变化的情况，增加了手术操作的难度。术中1只眼发生悬韧带离断。术后18只眼出现轻度狄氏膜皱褶。结论：虽然在玻璃体切除术后的患者群体施行超声乳化手术操作难度大、易出现并发症，但是经谨慎处理后绝大多数患者仍能获得良好的有用视力。     

Management of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens using pars plana vitrectomy

In order to evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the treatment of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens (PC-IOL), we retrospectively examined and analyzed the hospital records of patients who had undergone PPV to exchange or reposition a PC-IOL dislocated into the vitreous cavity. Of 20 eyes in 20 patients, IOL exchange was performed in 6 eyes, and IOL repositioning in 14 eyes. Posteriorly dislocated IOL occurred in 14 eyes during or within 2 days, and in 6 eyes 6 months after the IOL implantation. Thirteen eyes were surgically treated early after the occurrence, within 3 days, while 7 eyes were treated later, between 5 to 7 days. Compared with preoperative best-corrected visual acuity, the final visual acuity improved more than 2 lines in 12 eyes. With no significant difference on the statistics, earlier visual rehabilitation seemed to be shown in late-treated patients than in early-treated. Accordingly, a posterior dislocation of IOL can be successfully treated with PPV, and barring any serious complications such as retinal detachment, there is no need for surgery immediately following the occurrence.     

Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation during diabetic pars plana vitrectomy

Combined cataract removal, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy were performed in 15 diabetic patients who presented with coexisting cataract and vitreoretinal complications from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Posterior chamber IOLs were placed anterior to the anterior lens capsule after pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in nine eyes, whereas extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PC IOL placement was performed before vitrectomy in six eyes. Panretinal laser endophotocoagulation was applied in 13 of the 15 eyes as an important part of the operative procedure. Because of inactive diabetic retinopathy or satisfactory preoperative panretinal photocoagulation, 2 of the 15 eyes did not receive laser endophotocoagulation. Visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes and was similar to preoperative vision in 3 eyes. After a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 28 months of follow-up, the visual results are the following: 20/40 or better (4 eyes), 20/50 to 20/200 (5 eyes), 20/400 to 5/200 (5 eyes), and hand motions (1 eye). Although 5 of the 15 eyes required secondary vitreoretinal procedures, neovascular glaucoma and complications attributable to the IOL did not occur. A recurrent postoperative retinal detachment (RD) developed with subsequent hypotony and rubeosis iridis in 1 of the 15 eyes.     

晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的 评价晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后与人工晶状植入术的临床疗效。方法 对１６例患者行晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果 ３－１０个月随记中,所有患者术后视力都有不同程度提高,视力０．５以上者６例（３７．５％）,０．２－０．４者７便（４３．７５％）,０．１以下者３例（１８．７５％）。结论 玻璃体切割术中行晶状体超声乳化术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,能够获得良好视力而无严重并发症     

状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的　评价晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法　对16例患者行晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果　3～10个月随访中,所有患者术后视力都有不同程度提高,视力05以上者6例(375%),02～04者7例(4375%),01以下者3例(1875%)。结论　玻璃体切割术中行晶状体超声乳化术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,能够获得良好视力而无严重并发症,是治疗白内障合并眼后段病变一种较理想的手术。     

Foldable versus rigid intraocular lenses in conjunction with pars plana vitrectomy and other vitreoretinal procedures

PURPOSE: To compare the results of foldable acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation through a clear corneal incision with those of rigid IOL implantation in eyes having pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). SETTING: Tertiary referral-based university institute. METHODS: A consecutive retrospective comparative chart review was performed in all eyes that had PPV and foldable IOL implantation between May 15, 1999, and November 1, 2000 (n = 30), and all eyes that had PPV and rigid IOL implantation between April 1, 1996, and May 14, 1999 (n = 30). Preoperative baseline data and postoperative outcome data were recorded. Pars plana vitrectomy and associated vitreoretinal procedures were performed as indicated according to individual circumstances. A minimum of 1 week of follow-up information was available for all eyes. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics in both groups of patients, including age, sex, eye involved, and phakic state, were similar. The preoperative visual acuities were also similar, ranging from 20/30 to hand motions; the mean visual acuity was 20/200. The IOL was implanted in all eyes uneventfully and did not restrict fundoscopy. The mean follow-up was significantly longer in the rigid IOL group (20 months) than in the foldable IOL group (7 months) (P<.001), probably because of the earlier case acquisition. The mean postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 20/200 in the foldable IOL group and 20/100 in the rigid IOL group. There was no difference between the 2 groups in the rate of postoperative retinal detachment, recurrent macular hole, or repeat PPV. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the first postoperative day was more common in the rigid IOL group than in the foldable IOL group (P =.078) because more patients in the rigid IOL group had surgery for diabetic ocular complications and these patients had a greater IOP rise. CONCLUSION: Acrylic IOLs can be safely implanted in conjunction with PPV in selected cases.     

改良四通路玻璃体切割在人工晶状体后脱位治疗中的应用

目的:报道改良四通路玻璃体切割术治疗1例后房型人工晶状体后脱位.方法:一位青年性白内障患者,双眼白内障术后均发生人工晶状体后脱位,其1眼应用改良四通路玻璃体切割技术将人工晶状体复位,另1眼应患者的要求而未行手术治疗.结果:术中和术后未发生任何并发症,患者术眼视力迅速回复,术后14 mo最佳矫正视力为0.5;而未行手术治疗的另1眼发生全视网膜脱离,仅残余手动视力.结论:改良四通路玻璃体切割术是治疗人工晶状体后脱位的一个好选择.     

Combined phacoemulsification,pars plana vitrectomy,and foldable intraocular lens implantation

We describe a technique for combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery using sutureless sclerocorneal and sclerotomy incisions and a foldable intraocular lens. This technique, with its variations for cases with and without gas-fluid exchange, was successfully performed in 40 consecutive cases over a 5-month period. No significant complications related to the surgical procedures were encountered. The rationale and advantages of this technique are discussed.     

玻璃体切除手术后的白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术探讨

目的:评价玻璃体切除术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)后白内障的超声乳化(phacoemulsification,Phaco)联合人工晶状体植入术(intraocular lens implantation,IOL)的临床疗效,并讨论手术技巧。方法:所有41例42眼PPV后白内障患者行激光联合超声乳化白内障手术(phacoemulsification and intraocularlens,Phaco+IOL),其中11例11眼采用玻璃体腔液体灌注+Phaco+IOL,30例31眼行Phaco+IOL,观察比较术后视力、并发症等。结果:术后1mo时矫正视力(correctedvisualacuity,CVA)较术前CVA有统计学意义的提高(P=0.002),术中玻璃体腔灌注组的术后CVA与非玻璃体腔灌注组的术后CVA比较无统计学差异(P=0.052),术后39眼CVA有不同程度的提高,术后1moCVA<0.3者19眼主要与原有眼底病有关;42眼超声乳化同期植入后房型人工晶状体,所有患者手术中均有不同程度前房深度的大幅度变化伴随瞳孔直径变化,术中发现悬韧带断裂5眼,术中后囊破裂6眼,晶状体物质掉入玻璃体腔3眼,术中发现晶状体物质与后囊紧密粘连4眼;术后并发症包括角膜水肿23眼,后发性白内障4眼,视网膜再脱离2眼。结论:在PPV后白内障行Phaco+IOL术是目前理想的手术方法,对于有复杂超声乳化因素的病历,有复杂玻璃体和眼底病史的病历,超声乳化中放置后节眼内灌注是安全而有效的。     

Characteristics of patients with spontaneous dislocation of in-the-bag intraocular lens after pars plana vitrectomy

Purpose

To determine the characteristics of eyes with late in-the-bag dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Methods

Fourteen eyes of 14 patients with a dislocated IOL after PPV were studied retrospectively. The data collected from the medical charts included the age, sex, history of eye diseases, axial length, and interval from PPV to time of IOL dislocation. The surgical procedures used during the PPV were also recorded.

Results

Seven eyes had undergone PPV for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment; 6 eyes, for proliferative diabetic retinopathy; and 1 eye, for retinal vein occlusion. The average interval between the PPV and the diagnosis of the dislocated IOL was 6.2 years (range 2.3–10.1 years). In all eyes, the peripheral vitreous was thoroughly removed with scleral depression during the PPV.

Conclusions

The IOL dislocation was most likely caused by damage to the zonular fibers by the peripheral vitrectomy with scleral depression.

     

玻璃体切割术后人工晶体植入术

目的　探讨玻璃体切割术后人工晶体 (intraocularlens,IOL)植入术的效果及硅油填充眼IOL度数的测算方法。方法　 1 硅油填充眼IOL度数测算。 2 建立玻璃体腔液体灌注系统维持术中和术后眼压分别为 2 7 2cmH2 .O (相当于 2 0mmHg)和 4. 0 8cmH2 O ( 30mmHg)。 3 硅油填充眼先行眼内硅油取出术 ,然后行后房型IOL植入术。 4 植入后房型IOL :若后囊完整 ,植入囊袋内IOL ;前囊完整植入睫状沟固定IOL ;前后囊缺损植入睫状沟缝合固定IOL ;虹膜缺损或瞳孔极度散大 ,植入带虹膜IOL。 5 术后随访 2 . 5～ 39个月 ,平均 1 4 5个月。结果　 38例 ( 38只眼 )成功地进行了后房型IOL植入术 ,其中囊袋内植入IOL 6例 ,睫状沟固定IOL 1 9例 ,睫状沟缝合固定IOL 9例 ,植入带虹膜IOL- 4例。硅油取出联合IOL植入术 1 0例。术后视力≥ 0 .1 32例 ( 84 . 2 % ) ,≥ 0 32 2例( 57 .9% )。硅油填充眼术后屈光度 ( - 1 . 58± 0 . 6 1 )D ,与术前预见的屈光度相比 ,差别无统计学意义 (P >0 0 5)。术中并发症有视网膜损伤 ( 2例 )及睫状体出血 ( 2例 ) ,术后并发症有玻璃体出血( 3例 )、视网膜脱离 ( 2例 )及眼球萎缩 ( 1例 )。结论　玻璃体切割术后IOL植入术的效果满意 ,术中术后眼压维持对于减少术中术后并发症至关重要 ,     

Results of secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens implants with iridoplasty and pars plana vitrectomy

A combined three-part procedure to permit aphakic patients with full iridectomies to receive secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens implants is described. Pars plana vitrectomy leaves the anterior chamber free of vitreous, thus preparing the eye for the iridoplasty and implant. Iridoplasty is performed using a special micro needle that permits good visualization in the eye. The results of ten cases are discussed.     

Suture fixation of an intraocular lens combined with pars plana vitrectomy and gas tamponade

We describe suturing an intraocular lens (IOL) after pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy combined with gas tamponade in 4 patients with vitreoretinal disease and subluxated lenses that could not be managed with capsular tension rings. The IOL haptics were sutured before the fluid-gas exchange in a horizontal (case 1), oblique (cases 2 and 4), and vertical (case 3) manner. In a case of unavoidable horizontal fixation due to limited scleral space, the upper part of the IOL tilted anteriorly postoperatively because of the enhanced effect of the gas bubble. A peripheral anterior iris synechia also occurred. The IOL remained well positioned in cases with oblique and vertical fixations, and no other complications occurred. Careful preoperative planning of the surgical design can help avoid unnecessary horizontal fixation.     

借助显微镜照明直视下单通道经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术治疗人工晶状体脱位

目的：描述一种显微镜照明直视下、经单通道睫状体平坦部行玻璃体切割术治疗人工晶状体全脱位至玻璃体腔的手术技术。

方法：收集2013年至今经超声乳化白内障摘除术后自发性人工晶状体(IOL)囊外脱位或IOL复合体脱位至玻璃体腔的病例。术后随访至6mo。本文详细描述了该手术技术,并回顾性总结了8例典型病例。

结果：共40例患者接受了该手术方法。与IOL全脱位至玻璃体腔相关的危险因素包括：玻璃体切除手术史、超声乳化术中后囊膜破裂或悬韧带断裂、既往眼部外伤史、长眼轴、Ⅱ期IOL植入、陈旧性葡萄膜炎、视网膜色素变性、或抗青光眼手术史。术中所有患者的IOL均顺利取出。随访期内未发生与手术步骤相关的术中或术后并发症。术前患者的最佳矫正视力(CDVA)位于20/133至20/25间,末次随访时(术后6mo)基本持平。眼压值均位于正常范围。

结论：显微镜照明直视下单通道玻璃体切割术是一种处理IOL脱位的相对简单、安全有效的手术方法,其能缩短手术时间,并大大减少手术相关并发症的发生。     

白内障超声乳化,玻璃体切除及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效

目的：探讨白内障超乳化摘除,睫状体平坦部下班体切割及人工晶体囊袋内植入联合手术的疗效及安全性。方法：对玻璃体视网膜病普合并白内障１８例（１８眼）施行该联合手术。其中糖尿病性视网膜病变,玻璃体出血伴白内障１０例;视网膜分枝静脉阻塞,玻璃体出血伴白内障４例;视网膜静脉周围炎,玻璃体出血伴白内障３例及特发性视网膜１例,术后随访２～１３个月（平均９月）。结果：术后视力均有不同程度提高。１２眼（６７％）术后     

Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation following pars plana vitrectomy: a prospective study

AIMS: To examine the intraoperative characteristics of phacoemulsification in eyes that had undergone pars plana vitrectomy and to determine complication rates and visual outcomes. METHODS: A prospective study of 45 consecutive cataract operations on vitrectomised eyes performed over a 9-month period by a single surgeon. Data were collected on preoperative characteristics, intraoperative observations and complications, postoperative complications, and visual acuities. RESULTS: Zonular laxity with abnormal deepening of the anterior chamber and mydriasis was noted in six eyes that had undergone extensive vitreous removal for the treatment of retinal detachment or proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but not in eyes that had had limited 'core vitrectomy' such as for macular hole or epiretinal membrane. In two eyes, the initial deepening of the anterior chamber was accompanied by paradoxical shallowing with miosis (the 'infusion deviation syndrome'). Sight-threatening complications were rare. Snellen visual acuity improved in 84.6% of eyes previously treated for 'macular hole, 85.7% of eyes treated for 'macula-on' retinal detachment, 66.7% of eyes treated for 'macula-off' retinal detachment, and 57.1% of eyes treated for diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons need to be aware of additional challenges arising from zonular instability in eyes that have had extensive vitreous removal. A lower infusion bottle height may guard against sudden changes in anterior chamber depth. The use of a corneal tunnel avoids difficulties associated with an unusually deep anterior chamber. Visual acuity is less likely to improve in patients previously treated for diabetic retinopathy or for macula-off retinal detachment.     

Combined surgery, phacoemulsification, implantation of intraocular lens and pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, technical feasibility and incidence of complications after combining pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of combined vitreoretinal and cataract surgery in 100 eyes of 96 patients were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 months. All patients had clinically significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Indications for vitreoretinal surgery included: persistent vitreous haemorrhage (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with tractional retinal detachment (50 eyes), tractional retinal detachment without vitreous haemorrhage caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7 eyes), rheumatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (10 eyes) and dislocated crystalline lens in the vitreous (5 eyes). RESULTS: Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity improved in 81 eyes (81%)- by two lines or more in 31 eyes (31%) - by less than two lines in 50 eyes (50%). In 14 eyes (14%) visual acuity was unchanged and was worse in 5 cases (5%). Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction, posterior synechias of the iris, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, redetachment of retina. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases confirm previous study, that performing phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and vitrectomy in one operation is safe and allows visual recovery with good technical results.