多层螺旋CT下肢血管成像技术的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在下肢动脉血管狭窄闭塞性疾病中的应用。方法：应用MSCT对本院临床32例怀疑下肢血管疾病的患者进行扫描,并通过3D血管成像（3D-CTA）技术显示下肢血管。结果：32例患者下肢血管疾病多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）检查中,共发现92个动脉节段不同程度的狭窄甚至闭塞。其中诊断为下肢动脉硬化闭塞症22例,包括腹主动脉型1例,髂动脉型2例,股腘动脉型8例,小腿动脉型4例,广泛型7例。5例为血栓闭塞性脉管炎,其中髂总动脉3例、髂外动脉2例。5例为多发性大动脉炎。8例同时接受下肢数字减影血管造影（DSA）同MSCTA检查,对比结果表明,MSCTA在显示下肢股动脉和腘动脉等主干血管狭窄和闭塞方面和DSA有着很好的一致性,符合率几乎达100%。结论：MSCTA可清晰显示下肢动脉三维血管形态,在诊断和评价下肢动脉性疾病方面有很高的临床应用价值。     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症支架术后再狭窄的治疗

外周动脉疾病（peripheral arterial disease,PAD）是一种常见病、多发病,指除冠状动脉以外,供应大脑、内脏及四肢的血管发生结构和功能改变,所引起的一系列疾病。下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO）是最常见的外周动脉闭塞性疾病,1891年由von Mantenfel首次报告,是全身性动脉硬化在下肢动脉的具体表现,是周身动脉硬化的一部分。病变广泛,主要累及腹主动脉、双髂动脉、双股动脉、双胭动脉及其远端三个分支,其中累及腹主动脉、髂总动脉的病变占5％～10％,累及腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂外动脉的病变占25％,广泛累及腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂外动脉、股动脉、胭动脉的病变占65％。     

BOLUS步进减影技术结合干细胞治疗糖尿病足

目的探讨BOLUS(团注)步进减影技术在干细胞治疗糖尿病足下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的临床应用价值。方法 12例患者,健侧(单侧)或较轻侧(双侧)股动脉Seldinger经皮穿刺,在透视下将导管送至髂总动脉上或单侧靶血管,双下肢近端作为步进造影起始位、足背作为步进造影终止位行BOLUS步进减影技术造影,显示双或单下肢动脉全程影像;膝上狭窄采取经皮血管球囊扩张成形术;膝下采取腘动脉球囊封堵术及远端干细胞置入术。结果 BOLUS造影成功显示下肢动脉硬化闭塞症10例,造影不成功2例,其中右侧髂总动脉完全闭塞及股动脉闭塞各1例。股动脉狭窄及球囊扩张3例。阻断腘动脉后干细胞置入10例,于闭塞段取栓后行球囊扩张及未阻断腘动脉直接置入干细胞1例,腹主动脉下端直接注入干细胞1例。12例患者中11例效果较为显著,疼痛、麻木感明显缓解,皮温及ABI指数均较术前显著升高,两者间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。下肢溃疡4例不同程度好转。结论 BOLUS步进减影技术是目前观察下肢动脉血管解剖和形态改变的最先进的检查技术,注射一次对比剂可长段显示血管,减少造影次数及剂量,减轻造影剂对患者的毒性反应。腘动脉球囊封堵及远端干细胞置入可延长干细胞在远端血管内的停留时间,保证干细胞治疗糖尿病足下肢动脉硬化的治疗效果。     

MSCTA下肢动脉病变的临床应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像（MSCTA）诊断下肢动脉病变的临床应用价值。方法：对202例疑下肢动脉病变的患者应用MSCTA技术行下肢动脉血管成像检查。观察腹主动脉、双侧髂总动脉,髂内、外动脉,股动脉、月国动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉和腓动脉。并对其行曲面重建（CPR）、容积再现（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）及多平面重组（MPR）处理。结果：202例CTA检查均获得满意的图像,其中下肢动脉狭窄或闭塞170例;下肢动脉壁损伤7例,其中有2例合并假性动脉瘤;右股浅动脉瘤1例;下肢动脉病变术后复查9例;15例下肢CTA未见明确异常改变。202例中有62例行外科手术治疗,术中所见与CTA结果完全一致。结论：MSCTA下肢动脉成像安全、无创,已成为诊断血管病变的首选影像学检查方法。MSCTA用于下肢动脉病变术前评估和术后评价可替代DSA成为最好诊断手段。     

256层螺旋CT血管成像在2型糖尿病患者下肢血管病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨256层螺旋CT血管成像在2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者下肢血管病变诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2014年3月至2017年3月期间临床怀疑下肢血管病变的T2DM患者50例为研究对象,利用PHILIPS 256i CT进行全下肢动脉血管成像扫描,将所有获得的数据传入后处理工作站进行图像重建,包括容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)及曲面重建(CPR),利用智能血管分析和目测法分析血管狭窄程度。结果50例患者的CTA检查均获得清晰的血管重建图像,共显示血管813段,满足诊断要求;50例患者中,正常3例,腹主动脉及下肢动脉粥样硬化36例,胫后动脉痉挛2例,腘动脉远端血栓形成2例,下肢动脉闭塞血管再植后血栓形成2例,多发性动脉瘤1例,左胫前动脉脉管炎3例,外伤后下肢腘动脉离断1例;813段动脉节段中,256层螺旋CT可评估血管756段(92.99%),其中32段有脂质纤维性斑块,724段显示有混合性斑块,不可评估动57段(7.01%),均为钙化斑块;下肢动脉狭窄分级Ⅰ级193段(23.74%),Ⅱ级259段(31.86%),Ⅲ级262段(32.23%),Ⅳ级48段(5.90%),Ⅴ级51段(6.27%)。结论256层螺旋CT血管成像对于T2DM患者下肢血管病变诊断具有很高的准确性,可以有效确定病变性质及范围,为临床治疗方案的选择提供了可靠依据。     

多层螺旋CT下肢动脉狭窄-闭塞性病变的成像技术及临床应用

为探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)下肢动脉狭窄—闭塞性病变的成像技术及临床价值，对21例怀疑下肢动脉狭窄—闭塞性病变患者行MSCT血管造影成像，图像经后处理获得下肢动脉立体图像。结果，MSCT下肢动脉成像可以清晰显示腹主动脉下端及髂总动脉、髂内外动脉、股动脉、胫腓动脉的主干及分支。21例受检者中11例患者表现为不同部位、不同程度的动脉粥样硬化、狭窄病变，股动脉闭塞2例，Guo动脉血栓3例，双侧髂总动脉瘤1例，股动脉医源性动脉损伤致假性动脉瘤1例，正常表现3例。认为MSCT下肢动脉血管造影是下肢动脉病变的一种新的无创伤检查方法，可作为动脉造影筛选或替代方法。     

下肢动脉多排螺旋CT血管成像与DSA的比较研究

目的 评价MDCTA(多排螺旋CT血管成像)对检查下肢血管病变的灵敏度、特异度及临床应用价值.方法 100例怀疑下肢血管疾病患者行MDCTA检查,其中20例于检查后2周内、治疗前行DSA(数字减影血管造影)检查.与DSA作比较观察,测定各节段动脉管腔狭窄程度,MDCTA图像质量分为优良、一般、差.结果 观察血管段共460段,MDCTA图像质量优良413段(89.8％),一般37段(8.0％),在显示下肢不同段血管的图像质量上有统计学差异(P＜0.05).MDCTA检出狭窄≥50％的灵敏度、特异度为99.7％、99.3％.结论 MDCTA能提供较高分辨率的血管图像,可应用于下肢血管疾病的筛查和诊断.     

3.0T CE-MRA对糖尿病腹部至下肢动脉病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨3.0T磁共振增强MRA(CE-MRA)对糖尿病腹部至下肢动脉病变的诊断价值.方法:使用GE 3.0T磁共振,对36例拟诊有腹部至下肢动脉病变的糖尿病患者行CE-MRA和DSA检查,并将其分为腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂外动脉、髂内动脉、股浅动脉、股深动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉、腓动脉10段进行分析.结果:36例CE-MRA与DSA比较,CE-MRA显示髂总动脉、髂外动脉、股浅动脉、腘动脉、腓动脉病变检出率无差异(P＞0.05),动脉粥样斑块、动脉狭窄及动脉闭塞3种血管病变显示无差异(P＞0.05).CE-MRA显示腹主动脉粥样斑块病变多于DSA(χ2=5.94 P=0.02),髂内动脉、股深动脉、胫前动脉、胫后动脉病变检出率高于DSA(P＜0.05),以DSA为标准,CE-MRA存在高估.结论:CE-MRA是一种有效评价糖尿病并发腹部至下肢动脉病变的方法.     

血管内介入治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症14例护理体会

动脉硬化闭塞症（ASO）是一种由于周围血管动脉粥样硬化物质不断扩大和继发性血栓形成引起的动脉管腔狭窄、闭塞而造成肢体急、慢性缺血的全身性动脉性疾病，可发生在全身大中动脉，但以腹主动脉远侧及下肢髂-股-腘动脉最为常见。近年来，我科采用血管扩张成形结合血管内支架植入术，治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症14例，取得了良好的治疗效果，现将护理体会总结如下：     

16层螺旋CT血管成像对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的诊断价值

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像（MDCTA）对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞性疾病的诊断价值。方珐：比较25例临床疑有下肢动脉硬化性阻塞性病变患者的16层螺旋CT血管成像与数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查表现。以DSA表现作为金标准,来评估16层螺旋CT血管成像的临床价值。其中,CTA技术采用最大密度投影（MIP）和容积再现（VR）两种后处理方法。结朵：25例病例共263支动脉纳入本研究。其中,DSA发现193支狭窄或闭塞的血管（47支轻度狭窄,12支中度狭窄,20支重度狭窄,114支闭塞）;16层螺旋CTA发现192支狭窄或闭塞的血管（55支轻度狭窄,12支中度狭窄,24支重度狭窄,101支闭塞）。对于腹主动脉至足背动脉间中度及其以上狭窄（50％～100%）的血管,CTA的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为87．7％、92．3％、89．7％;对于腹主动脉至胭动脉间中度及其以上狭窄（50％-100％）的血管,CTA的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为92％、91．8％、91．9％。结论：16层螺旋CT血管成像是评估下肢动脉狭窄及闭塞程度的一种可靠的检查方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.