甲醛对雄性小鼠生殖细胞影响的研究

目的通过对雄性昆明种小鼠经腹腔注射甲醛(Formaldehyde)后,观察动物的一般中毒情况;研究甲醛对各阶段生殖细胞的一般毒性及遗传物质的损伤。方法选用雄性昆明种小鼠为研究对象。动物染毒的甲醛低、中、高剂量分别为0.20mg/kg·bw、2.00mg/kg·bw、20.00mg/kg·bw。采用腹腔注射染毒5天,第6天处死一批小鼠,余下的小鼠于第14日处死。用HE染色法观察小鼠睾丸组织的病理改变;显微镜下观察精子数及精子头畸形;采用SCE和微核试验,判断生殖细胞遗传物质的损伤。初步揭示甲醛致生殖细胞遗传物质损伤的检测指标。结果1.甲醛导致小鼠睾丸组织的病理改变以生殖细胞变性为主,高剂量组出现个别精细胞坏死;2.甲醛各剂量组均引起精子数减少,精子头畸形率升高,与阴性对照组比较差异均有显著性(p<0.01);3.甲醛的中、高剂量组能诱致早期精细胞微核率和精原细胞SCE频率显著升高(p<0.05)。结论1.甲醛能诱致小鼠早期生殖细胞(精原细胞,初级精母细胞)遗传物质的损伤,引起较成熟、成熟的生殖细胞(次级精母细胞,精细胞,精子)变性、坏死。2.精子头畸形率是判断环境中甲醛对生殖细胞一般毒性及其遗传物质损伤的检测指标。     

异丙莠对小鼠的致突变作用研究

目的 观察异丙莠对雄性小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞的致突变作用.方法 将体质量20～26 g(精子畸形实验小鼠为15～18 g)健康小鼠125只随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照组(蒸馏水)、阳性对照组(环磷酰胺)和异丙莠染毒3个剂量组(剂量分别为30.0、60.0、120.0 mg/kg),分4次腹腔注射染毒,每次间隔24 h,观察小鼠骨髓细胞微核率、外周血微核率、骨髓细胞染色体畸变率、精子畸形率以及睾丸染色体畸变率.结果 异丙莠染毒120 mg/kg剂量组骨髓微核发生率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);异丙莠染毒60、120 mg/kg剂量组外周血微核发生率和精子畸形率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05);异丙莠染毒各剂量组致骨髓染色体和睾丸染色体畸变率显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05).结论 异丙莠对小鼠体细胞和生殖细胞均具有致突变性,具有一定的遗传毒性和生殖毒性作用.     

甲醛对小鼠精子毒作用和微核作用的研究

目的 :观察甲醛对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性和致突变作用。方法 :用不同剂量 (5 0 mg· kg- 1、10 0 mg· kg- 1、15 0 mg· kg- 1、2 0 0 m g· kg- 1 )的甲醛溶液经腹腔染毒 ICR小鼠 ,2 4 h后用颈椎脱臼法处死 ,观察甲醛对小鼠精子形态的影响及对骨髓嗜多染红细胞的致微核作用。结果 :各剂量组精子畸形率和致微核作用均随浓度的增大而升高 ,呈现剂量反应关系。结论 :甲醛对小鼠有生殖毒性并具有一定的致突变作用。     

灵芝孢子粉提取物对甲醛所致小鼠遗传毒性干预研究

目的:探讨灵芝孢子粉提取液对甲醛所致小鼠遗传毒性的干预作用。方法:将昆明种小鼠随机分成4组,每组10只,分别为阳性对照组,高剂量、中剂量和低剂量灵芝液组,各组小鼠每天以10 mg/m3甲醛溶液静态染毒2h后,实验组分别以150、30和15 mg/(kg·d)剂量灵芝孢子粉提取液灌胃,阳性对照组以同等体积蒸馏水灌胃,染毒和灌胃过程持续14 d。14 d后,处死小鼠,检测各组小鼠的睾丸系数、精子畸形率和骨髓细胞微核率。结果:与阳性对照组比较,高、中、低剂量实验组小鼠的睾丸脏器系数均升高(P<0.01),以高、中剂量组显著;小鼠精子畸形率与骨髓微核率不同程度降低(P<0.01),而且存在明显的剂量效应关系。结论:灵芝孢子粉提取液对甲醛所致小鼠遗传毒性具有一定的保护作用。     

山萸肉水提液对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞、睾丸染色体和精子的致突变性

目的 :探讨山萸肉水提液对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞、睾丸染色体和精子的致突变性。方法 :采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞 (PCE)微核法、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验和小鼠精子畸形试验 ,观察不同剂量山萸肉水提液 (10g/kg,5g/kg ,2 .5g/kg)和阴性对照 (蒸馏水 )、阳性对照 (环磷酰胺 )作用后 ,小鼠染色体畸变率、精子畸形率及PCE微核率。结果 :山萸肉水提物的各个剂量组小鼠睾丸染色体畸变率、小鼠精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率 ,与阴性对照组相比 ,差异均无统计学意义 ;但与阳性对照组相比 ,差异均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :山萸肉水提液对小鼠均没有染色体与细胞水平上的损伤作用 ,不能引起小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的升高。     

快杀灵对小鼠遗传毒性和生殖毒性的检测

目的探讨快杀灵对小鼠骨髓细胞微核形成的影响和对生殖细胞中精子形态的毒性作用。方法以不同剂量(9.1mg/kg、18.2mg/kg、36.4mg/kg)的快杀灵分10次经口灌胃染毒小鼠,每次间隔24小时,于末次染毒后25天处死小鼠,检测骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核细胞率和精子畸形率。结果 与阴性对照组比较,各剂量组的微核率高于阴性对照组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05),精子畸形率高于阴性对照组,差异均有显著性(P<0.01)。结论快杀灵对骨髓细胞微核形成的影响不明显,对雄性小鼠精子的形成有毒害作用。     

有机磷农药对小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的 探讨有机磷农药敌百虫(dipterex,Dip)和敌敌畏(DDV)联合染毒对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用.方法 选择雄性小鼠32只,随机分为4组(3个染毒组和1个对照组)每组8只.染毒组小鼠每天分别给予2、10、50mg/kg剂量Dip和2、10、50 mg/kg剂量DDV,经口染毒;对照组给予等容积的生理盐水.每天每只小鼠染毒1次,连续染毒27 d.首次染毒后35 d处死小鼠,观察精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化.结果 Dip、DDV联合染毒中、高剂量组精子数量、精子活率均低于对照组,精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率均显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,并呈剂量-反应关系.结论 Dip、DDV联合染毒可引起雄性小鼠生殖细胞的遗传损伤,导致生殖毒性效应,并具有致突变作用.     

辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的 研究辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用.方法 48只健康昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为6组,每组8只.实验设4个不同剂量辛硫磷染毒组、阴性对照组（玉米油）和阳性对照组（环磷酰胺40mg/kg）,均采用腹腔注射染毒方式.首次染毒后第35d处死小鼠,观察睾丸及附睾脏器系数、精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化.结果 除最低剂量组外,各染毒组精子数量均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.01）;精子活率各染毒组均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率各染毒组均高于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.结论 辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖系统有一定毒性作用,主要引起精子数量、精子活率的降低和精子畸形率的增加,并具有致突变作用.     

甲醛对雄性Wistar大鼠生殖毒性的影响研究

目的:探索不同剂量的甲醛对雄性大鼠精子畸形率、骨髓微核率、血清睾酮水平以及睾丸组织的影响。方法:选择性成熟Wistar大鼠40只随机分成5组:0.9%氯化钠注射液组（阴性对照组）和高、中、低剂量甲醛染毒组（20 mg·kg-1·d-1、2 mg·kg-1·d-1、0.2 mg·kg-1·d-1）及50 mg·kg-1·d-1环磷酰胺组（阳性对照组）。通过腹腔注射染毒1周,测定血清睾酮水平,染毒结束后2 d摘眼球采血,颈椎脱臼法处死大鼠,统计精子畸形率和骨髓微核率,对大鼠睾丸做石蜡组织切片,观察睾丸组织损伤情况。结果:精子畸形率:与阴性对照组比较,中、低剂量染毒组精子畸形率上升（P<0.05）,高剂量染毒组和阳性对照组精子畸形率上升更明显（P<0.01）;骨髓微核率:与阴性对照组比较,中、低剂量染毒组骨髓微核率上升不明显（P>0.05）,高剂量染毒组和阳性对照组上升明显（P<0.01）;血清睾酮水平:与阴性对照组比较,高、中、低剂量染毒组和阳性对照组血清睾酮水平均明显降低（P<0.01）。睾丸石蜡切片显示高剂量染毒组组织损伤严重。结论:甲醛可以引起雄性大鼠精子畸形,增加骨髓微核率,降低血清睾酮水平,对雄性大鼠具有一定的生殖及遗传毒性。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对小鼠骨髓微核和精子形态的影响

目的了解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对微核试验和精子畸形试验的影响。方法将昆明种小鼠随机分为5组,DBP染毒剂量为500mg/kg(低剂量组),1000mg/kg(中剂量组)和2000mg/kg(高剂量组),以及阴性对照组(玉米油)和阳性对照组(环磷酰胺,40mg/kg),每只小鼠计数1000个骨髓嗜多染红细胞(PCE)和每个剂量组的小鼠计数1000个精子的形态。结果中、高剂量组微核率与阴性对照组相比明显升高(P<0.05),且各剂量组微核率随染毒浓度的增加而升高,呈现剂量-反应关系(r=0.937,P<0.01);中、高剂量组精子畸形率与阴性对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且各剂量组精子畸形率随染毒浓度的增加而升高,呈剂量-反应关系(r=0.904,P<0.01),畸形精子中以无钩为最多,其次是香蕉形、尾折叠、双头,分别为4.5%、3.09%和1.32%,结论DBP染毒在一定剂量下对小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验呈现阳性结果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.