连云港市中小学生身高、体重与性发育关系研究

目的:了解连云港市中小学生身高及体重的变化规律、发展趋势及其与青春期性发育的关系。方法:按照《全国学生体质健康状况调查研究工作手册》标准对连云港市5 672名中小学生的身高、体重进行测量,并对首次遗精和月经初潮采用现状调查。结果:连云港市男生首次遗精的半数年龄为15岁,女生发生月经初潮的半数年龄为12.5岁;城乡中小学生身高均值无明显差异,乡村男、女生体重均略低于城市男、女生,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:连云港市中小学生身高及体重发育城乡无明显差别,在男生首次遗精和女生月经初潮前身高及体重的增加明显加快,在男生首次遗精和女生月经初潮后即明显放缓趋于稳定。     

宁夏回汉族青少年性发育状况调查

青少年月经初潮和首次遗精的年龄早晚与诸如种族、健康状况、营养水平、环境等许多因素有关。为了解宁夏回、汉族学生性发育状况,掌握初潮与首遗规律,指导青春期保健工作,我们对宁夏回族自治区的8个市县的回、汉族学生进行了调查。1对象与方法1．1对象：采取分层随机整群抽样方法,于1995年5－6月抽取宁夏黄河灌区及南部山区的42所学校全部在校学习的9～18岁回、汉族女生和11－18岁回、汉族男生;其中女生4999人,回族女生2000人,汉族女生2999人;男生4001人,回族男生1601人,汉族男生2400人。回、汉族学生均在同一学校。1．2方法：根…     

月经初潮与第二性征发育的调查

月经初潮与第二性征发育的调查吴惠英月经初潮及第二性征发育，标志着正常少女青春期发育的重要特征，掌握这些特征的变化规律，有助于做好青春期保健工作，并能发现青春期发育异常以便及早进行诊治。我们于１９９１年对福州地区部分大、中、小学生２８０２人，年龄８岁～...     

女孩月经初潮与其它发育指标的观察

女孩青春期发育的研究,同内外均有大量报道。许多资料证实,人体的形成发育、骨骼发育同性成熟相关密切,并将其归因于统一受神经、内分泌激素调控的结果。但有关研究多对时间年龄控制不够严格,又横育指标涉及较少。为此,我们选择青春发育前期基本为整周岁的子孩、兼顾长育、横育、量育的体格发育指标同月经初潮、骨龄状况进行综合观察。现将结果报告如下。1 对象与方法在哈尔滨市南岗区奋斗小学、大成小学六年级,69中学初一、初二年级发育调查基础上,选取12、13、14周岁的健康女学生为观     

广州市2005年汉族学生性发育状况分析

目的了解广州市学生性发育现状,为制定健康教育政策提供科学依据。方法以广州市2000年全国学生体质健康调研点校学生为样本,随机整群抽取中小学生4320名,采用询问法进行调查,用半数年龄概率单位回归法进行分析。结果广州市汉族男生首次遗精的半数年龄为14岁,女生发生月经初潮的半数年龄为12.39岁;城市学生的性发育年龄早于乡村学生;与2000年比较,城乡男生首次遗精发生年龄无明显变化,城市女生月经初潮发生年龄提前了0.11岁,乡村女生提前了0.54岁。结论男生首次遗精发生年龄趋于稳定,女生月经初潮发生年龄呈提前趋势,城乡差异逐步缩小。建议青春期性教育的学龄段应前移。     

南钢中小学女生青春期发育的调查分析

采用一次性横断面调查方法对7~17岁中小学女生1522名进行了青春期发育调查。结果表明，女生青春期的开始以第二性征的出现为标志。乳房发育最早年龄为9岁。月经初期平均年龄为13.07岁，比12年前本地资料提前0.66岁。此外，探讨了月经初潮与第二性征的关系。同年龄组来潮与未来潮者的身高、体重间差异具有显著性。     

女学生青春期性发育及性教育现状调查

目的:了解江门市女学生青春期性发育情况及性知识掌握水平,为今后开展青春期性教育提供依据。方法:采用问卷调查法,对江门市女学生1705人进行调查,所有资料录入SPSS10.0统计软件分析。结果:女学生性发育情况正常,但掌握的性知识相当贫乏,约半数学生对很多性知识持错误观点,存在不少不良的性卫生行为,通过正规途径获得性知识的比率较低。结论:青春期性教育有待加强。应正视学生对性知识的需求,重视家长教育,加强对学校卫生教师的专业培训,充分发挥青春期门诊的宣教作用,发挥医务人员及专科门诊的指导作用。建议女学生青春期性教育实行保健机构医务人员、学校、家庭相结合的性教育方式。     

女青少儿腰围与性发育关系研究

【目的】分析不同腰围女青少儿体脂肪和性发育的关系。【方法】选择6 157名6~18岁女孩,依据中国汉族学龄儿童青少年腰围正常值的第75和第95百分位数(P75、P95),划分为适宜腰围、偏大腰围和较大腰围组,分析各组身高、体重、体脂率、第二性征分期,现状法分析来潮状况,回顾法分析初潮年龄。【结果】偏大腰围、较大腰围检出率分别为29.35%和16.86%,其性发育明显超前于同龄适宜腰围者。来潮率表现为:较大腰围组偏大腰围组适宜腰围组,初潮年龄表现为:较大腰围组偏大腰围组适宜腰围组。【结论】腰围与性发育(尤其初潮年龄)早晚密切相关。通过监测腰围变化控制中心性肥胖发生,对青春期少女健康至关重要。     

广东省中小学生月经初潮与首次遗精年龄现状及趋势分析

目的分析广东省学生月经初潮和首次遗精年龄现状及近10年变化趋势。方法利用2005、2000和1995年广东省学生体质健康调查研究数据,采用概率单位回归法计算月经初潮平均年龄(MMA)和首次遗精平均年龄(FSMA)。结果2005年城乡女生MMA分别为12.51、13.26岁,城市比农村提前约0.75岁;城乡男生FSMA分别为14.23、14.79岁,城市比农村提前约0.56岁;城市女生在身高、体重突增后约1年月经来潮,农村女生在身高、体重突增后约3年月经来潮;城市男生在身高突增后约1年、体重突增后约2年出现遗精,农村男生在身高突增后约1年、体重突增后的同一年出现遗精;2005年城乡女生MMA分别比1995年推后0.27岁和0.47岁,城乡男生FSMA均比1995年推后0.63岁。结论广东省学生月经初潮和首次遗精年龄城市早于农村;近10年城乡学生月经初潮和首次遗精的年龄推后,尤以城市女生明显,是性发育年龄提前的长期趋势已经停止的有力证据。     

Vulnerability and sexual and reproductive health among Zambian secondary school students

The present study aimed to explore secondary school students' needs in relation to sexual and reproductive health in order to inform efforts to improve the quality of health services available to young people. The study involved data collection from 716 11–22‐year‐old students in four secondary schools in an urban area in Zambia. Students completed a questionnaire and were invited to write down any inquiries they had regarding sexuality and reproduction. Findings revealed that boys and girls lack adequate information about human reproduction and STIs, including HIV. To avoid misconceptions and myths, they also need clear information on contraceptives and masturbation. Responses indicate that young people would welcome guidance and support related to contraception, pregnancy, abortion and STIs/HIV, but also on love and relationships. Culture, religion and gender are important factors influencing sexuality and sexual abuse. These issues need to be taken into consideration when developing youth‐friendly programmes for young people.     

中学生性及生殖健康教育干预效果评价

目的 评价学校和家庭性教育对中学生性和生殖健康知识的影响.方法 在上海市徐汇区11所中学开展干预研究,干预持续2年.通过干预前后2次问卷调查评价干预效果.结果 干预前干预1组初中生总知识得分(18.75)低于干预2组(26.00)和对照组(28.55)(P<0.05).高中生干预1组、干预2组、对照组总知识得分分别为40.54,37.57和38.17,差异无统计学意义.干预后各组中学生各项知识得分均明显提高(P<0.01),但2个干预组的上升幅度更明显(P<0.05).多因素分析显示,调整其他影响因素后,2个干预组与对照组知识得分增值的差值初中生为16.5和22.9,高中生为18.8和16.8.结论 性教育可明显提高中学生性与生殖健康知识水平.对于不同年龄段中学生,不同的性教育模式效果有所不同.     

淄博市1 265例大中专学生性健康状况调查

目的 探讨大中专学生性健康状况.方法 对淄博市4所大中专院校中专、大专、本科3个层次的1 400名学生以封闭式匿名问卷的形式调查其性知识、性态度、性行为及恋爱状况.结果 性知识知晓率大学生明显高于中专生;来源多半以上为非正规渠道.初次恋爱年龄、恋爱次数均为中专生早于和多于大学生;恋爱比率平均为42.29%.对婚前性行为持赞成和理解态度为65.53%,大学生多于中专生;对第三者和对多个恋爱对象持赞成态度中专生多于大学生.一般性行为半数或近半;婚前性交大学生多于中专生,平均为7.74%,男性为11.63%,大男为14.13%;初次性交年龄最小13岁,平均18.9±2.43岁,中专生早于大学生,有低龄化倾向.非意愿妊娠为0.87%,大学生为0.7%,中专生为1%,最小年龄为15岁,平均大学生20.75±0.96岁,中专生17.14±1.35岁.结论 青少年恋爱观亟待加强和指导;性知识匮乏是青少年造成性伤害的主要原因;性态度开放是造成社会和家庭不稳定的潜在危险;性行为开放与低龄婚前性交已经或正在成为一个趋于普遍性的社会问题;非意愿妊娠与人流是影响青少年性生殖健康的最重要因素.     

重庆市中学生性健康知识、态度、教育需求及性别差异分析

目的 了解重庆市不同性别中学生的性健康知识、态度及性教育需求,为制定针对性的中学生性健康及防艾宣传策略提供依据.方法 在重庆主城和近远郊各3个区采取整群抽样的方法抽取初一到高三共六个年级的学生(男生1765名,女生2028名),采用自行设计问卷开展横断面调查.结果 中学生性健康知识总体知晓率较低,女生在性生理发育特点、...     

The preparedness of freshman medical students for taking sexual histories

With recent epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases, it is increasingly important for medical students to be well prepared to take sexual histories. The authors studied this issue through a self-administered questionnaire completed by first-year medical students at two western U.S. medical schools (response rate 87%). Students who were better prepared (i.e., more knowledgeable, more comfortable, more appropriate attitudes) had more personal sexual experience and were more likely to have spoken with either a physician or a patient about a personal sexual concern. Different student characteristics were associated with different domains of preparation for taking a sexual history (e.g., knowledge v.s. attitudes). The educational implications of these findings are discussed.This paper was supported by the Behavioral Science Research Grant from the Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, the University of California, Los Angeles.     

Primary and secondary sexual abstinence in high school students.

PURPOSE: To assess reasons for choosing not to have sexual intercourse among two groups: virgins (primary abstainers) and already sexually experienced youth (secondary abstainers). METHODS: 73,464 Minnesota ninth- and twelfth-grade adolescents completed the 1998 Minnesota Student Survey. Respondents identified reasons for abstinence from a checklist from which they could nominate all relevant items. Reasons for each group were analyzed using Chi-square with a conservative criterion value (p <.001) owing to large sample size. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of gender, grade, and their interactions, with reasons for abstinence. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent reported never having had intercourse (primary abstainers). Among sexually experienced youth, 7.8% reported choosing not to have intercourse (secondary abstainers). Fear of pregnancy was the reason endorsed most often, more by girls than by boys (OR = 26 for primary abstainers, 6.9 for secondary abstainers). Fear of other adverse consequences, such as sexually transmitted infections, parental disapproval, or fear of getting caught, were generally selected by more girls than boys, and by more primary than secondary abstainers. Similarly, more girls and primary abstainers than boys or secondary abstainers generally selected statements reflecting normative beliefs on youth or their friends having intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: Fear of adverse consequences and normative beliefs about the appropriateness of having sexual intercourse were most frequently endorsed as important reasons by both groups of abstainers.     

22市少女月经初潮年龄及性心理行为调查分析

1991～1992年对全国22市8069名少女的月经初潮年龄及性心理行为的调查结果表明；初潮平均年龄以重庆市最早（12．51岁），以拉萨市最晚（13．72岁），各市之间有一定的差异；与以往同类资料对比，初潮年龄明星提前（最多提前20．5个月／10年）；手淫及性冲动率，早恋及渴望与异性交往现象，经济特区一般多于大、中小城市；高中少女普遍多于初中；对性知识的需求．特区少女最迫切（占92．3％），以青春期卫生知识居首位（69．7％～78．1％）：性必理行为与其性发育成熟程度有一定关联；手淫率及渴望与异性交往回答率均与月经来潮呈显著正相关．     

艾滋病防控试点学校大学生防艾相关知识和行为现况调查

目的 为更好地发挥防控试点的有效性,了解某艾滋病防控试点学校大学生艾滋病相关知识、态度和性行为现状,以及艾滋病健康教育需求,为该校制定科学的艾滋病防控工作试点方案进而全面推广提供参考。 方法 采取整群抽样方法选取某艾滋病防控试点学校大学生为研究对象。设计电子问卷,通过班级QQ平台发放问卷。 结果 艾滋病相关知识知晓率平均为73.8%。对国家标准版艾滋病相关知识8道题全答对率仅为29.3%,其受性别和专业因素影响,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);表示愿意和艾滋病患者一起上课的只有38.4%;15.8%的大学生有婚前性行为,性行为时每次都使用安全套占43.0%,使用安全套的目的主要是避孕;健康教育内容需求呈多方面,希望从互联网、电视广播和新媒体等途径获取性健康知识和艾滋病相关知识。 结论 对大学生进行科学系统的艾滋病知识的普及教育势在必行,要培养学生正确的性观念、正确对待艾滋病患者/HIV感染者的态度,尤其要注重部分人口学特征的影响因素,加强对大学生的性责任教育,以及强化自我保护意识。     

Sexual attitudes and risk-taking behaviors of high school students in Turkey

BACKGROUND: The risk of sexually transmitted diseases is high but opportunities of sexual education for adolescents are limited in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual attitudes and behaviors and to determine the predictors of sexual initiation among adolescents. METHODS: A questionnaire designed by the researchers was administered to 861 senior year high school students in their classrooms. RESULTS: The rates of masturbation and sexual intercourse and the median partner numbers among males were higher than females. The rates of having negative feelings after the first sex among females were higher than males. The rates of having sexual intercourse and the mean age at first sexual intercourse among males were similar to developed countries. However, the use of a condom at first intercourse was low. Lower academic performance and grade repetition experience among males and cigarette smoking among both gender groups were related to having sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first studies about sexual risk-taking behaviors among high school students in Turkey. Differences found between gender groups regarding attitudes and behaviors reflect the social structure in Turkey. These findings may be helpful in producing effective solutions for improving education and preventive health care.