HPLC-ECD法对精神分裂症患者脑脊液单胺类神经递质的检测

目的探讨精神分裂症患者脑脊液(CSF)中多巴胺(DA)、高香草酸(HVA)含量的变化及立体定向手术对其的影响.方法立体定向手术治疗22例精神分裂症患者,高效液相色谱-电化学HPLC-ECD法检测CSF中的DA及HVA水平.结果精神分裂症患者手术前CSF中DA[(3.23±0.36)μmol/L]、HVA[(1.99±0.49)μmol/L]水平显著高于对照组[(2.44±0.32)μmol/L、(1.41±0.37)μmol/L](P<0.01);手术后DA[(2.49±0.35)μmol/L]、HVA[(1.42±0.28)μmol/L]水平明显下降(P<0.01).结论支持精神分裂症中枢DA亢进假说,立体定向手术具有明显的DA传导阻滞作用.     

慢性肾功能不全患者血清超氧化物歧化酶与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶变化的意义

本文旨在通过直接测定肾功能不全各阶段SOD及GSH-Px的含量来探讨其变化与临床的关系。 1 材料与方法 1.1 临床资料 正常对照组为某单位体检后的健康人员32例,年龄23～65岁;慢性肾功能不全53例,为我院住院患者。根据肾功能不全分类方法,将其分为4组,其中肾贮备能力丧失期组14例〔血清BUN(7.34±3.86)mmol/L,Cr(126.63±31.42)μmol/L〕;氮质血症期组10例〔血清BUN(11.76±4.23)mmol/L,Cr(188.62±36.33)μmol/L〕;肾功能衰竭期组14例〔血清BUN(25.23±10.44)mmol/L,Cr(562.40±220.11)μmol/L〕;尿毒症期组15例〔血清BUN(31.46±10.28)mmol/L,Cr(1022.36±320.43)μmol/L〕。     

序贯结肠透析对慢性肾功能衰竭早中期的疗效观察

目的探讨序贯结肠透析对慢性肾功能衰竭早期及中期毒素清除及肾脏保护作用。方法对185例慢性肾功能衰竭早中期患者进行序贯结肠透析治疗,采用自动分析仪检测治疗前后尿素氮、肌酐、血尿酸、电解质水平及体重的变化;应用比浊法检测透析前后中分子物质的吸光度;同时观察其临床症状改善情况。结果176例(185例治疗过程中剔除9例)患者中,血尿酸水平较透析前明显下降[(722.71±206.21)μmol/L比(501.56±146.93)μmol/L,P<0.01],肌酐[(318.03±94.92)μmol/L比(280.08±195.18)μmol/L,P<0.05]、尿素氮[(14.85±2.86)mmol/L比(10.39±3.78)mmol/L,P<0.01]及中分子物质吸光度(0.4265±0.2123比0.2828±0.1202,P<0.01)水平也有明显变化;透析过程中及透析后K+、Na+、Cl-、Ca2+水平及体重等均无明显变化;患者临床症状明显改善且无严重不良反应发生。结论序贯结肠透析对慢性肾功能不全早期及中期具有毒素清除及肾脏保护作用。     

多靶点调控手术治疗难治性精神分裂症术后患者社会功能评价

目的押观察多靶点调控熏立体定向手术对难治性精神分裂症患者社会功能的影响。方法押选择2003-06/2004-07于解放军成都军区总医院神经外科经CCMD-3精神分裂症诊断标准确诊的住院患者为入组对象。共计62例,男35例,女27例,年龄20～54岁,病程5～20年。应用韦氏智力量表、简明精神病量表和阴性与阳性症状量表、住院病人护士观察评定量表对62例难治性精神分裂症患者分别在手术前2d和出院后3个月随访测试。护士观察评定量表共7个症状群30个项目:①社会能力(5项)。②社会兴趣穴5项雪。③个人卫生穴4项雪。④激动穴6项雪。⑤精神病表现穴4项雪。⑥迟缓穴3项雪。⑦抑郁穴3项雪。每项根据患者的表现,采用0觸4分5级评分。无,0分鸦有时发生,1分鸦较常发生,2分鸦经常发生,3分鸦几乎总是如此,4分。根据各项测查评分,分别算出积极因素总分穴前3项之和雪,消极因素总分穴后4项之和雪,病情总估计得分穴常数128+积极因素总分-消极因素总分雪。结果押62例患者均进入结果分析,中途无脱落。①手术前后韦氏智力量表言语智商、操作智商和全智商差异不显著穴P>0.05雪。②患者手术前后简明精神病量表和阴性与阳性症状量表分值比较差异显著眼穴56.20±15.26雪,(28.62±6.21)分,P<0.01;(87.34±19.56),(43.12±8.36)分,P<0.01演。③护士观察评定量表评定结果显示,患者手术前后分值除个人卫生、抑郁两项比较差异不显著外,社会能力、社会兴趣、激动、精神病表现、迟缓分值差异显著眼(20.47±8.56),(34.10±4.35)分;(6.10±5.89),(20.05±6.60)分;(26.47±10.93),(12.26±6.21)分;(7.60±6.04),0分;(13.67±4.70),(6.20±5.70)分,P均<0.05演。结论押多靶点调控、立体定向手术治疗对精神分裂症患者的智力无损害,对调动患者的生活兴趣,提高患者生活质量,改善社会适应能力有显著意义。     

超声治疗对冠心病患者血中一氧化氮和α颗粒膜蛋白140的影响

目的:探讨冠心病患者超声治疗前后一氧化氮和α颗粒膜蛋白140含量测定及临床意义。方法:选用未使用抗血小板药治疗的冠心病患者进行超声治疗,用采用硝酸还原酶法和ELISA双抗体夹心法测定治疗前后一氧化氮和α颗粒膜蛋白140含量。结果:冠心病患者超声治疗前血清一氧化氮水平犤(40.9±12.7)μmol/L犦较对照组犤(21.4±5.3)μmol/L犦显著性升高(P<0.01),治疗后血清一氧化氮水平犤(19.5±9.2)μmol/L犦接近正常对照组;冠心病患者超声治疗前血浆α颗粒膜蛋白140含量犤(29.34±5.36)μg/L犦明显高于正常对照组犤(12.08±4.85)μg/L犦(P<0.01),治疗后有所下降犤(25.53±6.51)μg/L犦,但无显著性意义。且患者超声治疗前后血清一氧化氮和血浆α颗粒膜蛋白140呈显著正相关。结论:冠心病患者体内存在血小板活化,一氧化氮和血小板活化可能共同参与了冠心病发展过程,超声治疗冠心病可能的机制是通过一氧化氮和α颗粒膜蛋白140多种因素共同作用的结果。     

重型乙型肝炎患者血清白细胞介素-8的检测及其临床意义

目的探讨血清白细胞介素-8(IL-8)在重型乙型肝炎患者中的变化及其临床意义。方法采用双单克隆抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测32例重型乙型肝炎患者血清IL-8水平，并以40例正常人和20例乙型慢性活动性肝炎患者作对照。结果重型乙型肝炎患者血清IL-8水平〔(1.126±0.431)mg/L〕显著高于正常人〔(0.050±0.004)mg/L，P<0.001〕和乙型慢性活动性肝炎患者〔(0.637±0.213)mg/L，P<0.01〕，其升高程度与血清胆红素含量及凝血酶原活动度变化密切相关。血清胆红素含量愈高和凝血酶原活动度愈低，血清IL-8水平愈高。重型乙型肝炎合并细菌感染患者IL-8〔(1.513±0.262)mg/L〕高于无细菌感染者〔(0.912±0.214)mg/L，P<0.05〕，重叠肝炎病毒感染时血清IL-8水平〔(1.612±0.381)mg/L〕比单纯重型乙型肝炎患者〔(0.931±0.312)mg/L〕显著升高(P<0.05)。死亡病例血清IL-8水平〔(2.124±0.731)mg/L〕比生存者〔(0.997±0.675)mg/L〕显著升高(P<0.01)。结论检测血清IL-8水平对评估重型乙型肝炎病情严重性和预后有一定的临床参考价值。     

利培酮合并氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症

目的了解利培酮与氯氮平合并治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效与安全性。方法 38例符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症诊断标准,且临床判断属于难治性患者,给予利培酮合并氯氮平治疗,疗程为8周,分别在治疗前后进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定。结果两药合并治疗8周后总有效率为73.7%,PANSS阳性、阴性及一般精神病理分值治疗前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),TESS总分治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论利培酮合并氯氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症疗效肯定,安全性高,值得临床应用。     

内科危重病患者抗氧化维生素表达及相关因素分析

目的探讨内科危重病患者抗氧化维生素表达及其影响因素。方法采用高效液相色谱仪测定危重病患者维生素A、维生素E、β胡萝卜素血清值,同时检测相关营养评价指标。结果SIRS组血清维生素A〔(0·6±0·2)μmol/L〕、维生素E〔(14·8±6·6)μmol/L〕、β胡萝卜素〔(1·1±0·6)μmol/L〕水平明显降低,较对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0·01),维生素A、维生素E的对数值与APACHEⅡ评分存在负相关性(P<0·01)。结论内科SIRS患者较非SIRS患者承受更重的氧化应激压力,易造成抗氧化维生素的缺乏,其缺乏程度与病情严重程度有相关性。     

HPLC-ECD法对精神分裂症患者脑脊液单胺类神经递质的检测

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者脑脊液 (CSF)中多巴胺 (DA)、高香草酸 (HVA)含量的变化及立体定向手术对其的影响。方法　立体定向手术治疗 2 2例精神分裂症患者 ,高效液相色谱 电化学HPLC ECD法检测CSF中的DA及HVA水平。结果　精神分裂症患者手术前CSF中DA[(3.2 3± 0 .36 ) μmol/L]、HVA[(1.99± 0 .4 9)μmol/L]水平显著高于对照组 [(2 .4 4± 0 .32 ) μmol/L、(1.4 1± 0 .37) μmol/L](P <0 .0 1) ;手术后DA[(2 .4 9± 0 .35 ) μmol/L]、HVA[(1.4 2± 0 .2 8) μmol/L]水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论　支持精神分裂症中枢DA亢进假说 ,立体定向手术具有明显的DA传导阻滞作用。     

系统性早期干预对首发精神分裂症患者康复效果的1年随访

目的:探讨早期干预对首发精神分裂症患者的康复效果。方法:将76例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为观察组和对照组(各38例,观察组脱落3例,对照组脱落2例)。对照组常规用氯氮平治疗,观察组在此基础上实施为期8周的心理社会干预措施,并随后进行为期1年的随访。采用阴性和阳性症状评定量表(PANSS)、住院病人护士观察量表(NOSIE-30)和复发率对康复效果进行评估。结果:随访结束时,观察组患者的PANSS总分、阳性症状及阴性症状的减分值分别为50.72±14.26,18.75±5.92,13.50±5.72,均高于对照组(41.25±13.93,15.21±6.58,9.07±6.83),差异有显著性意义(t=2.86,2.38,2.96;P<0.05～P<0.01);观察组患者的积极因素、消极因素及总评分的减分值分别为-38.58±10.14,30.47±13.26,-68.51±15.41,亦均明显高于对照组(-6.53±11.37,7.12±14.52,-11.09±22.15),差异有显著性意义(t=12.52,7.07,12.87;P<0.01);观察组1年内复发率为8.6%,明显低于对照组(30.6%),差异有显著性意义(χ2=5.42,P<0.05)。结论:对首发精神分裂症患者辅以综合性早期干预措施,可有助于改善患者的精神症状,提高患者的社会功能,并降低其复发率。     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.