蛛网膜囊肿合并慢性硬膜下血肿1例并文献复习

目的 总结颅内蛛网膜囊肿合并慢性硬膜下血肿的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析1例右侧外侧裂池蛛网膜囊肿合并复发性慢性硬膜下血肿的临床资料，并结合相关文献进行分析。结果 首次按传统慢性硬膜下血肿治疗方式，行右侧颞部钻孔引流，术后3周血肿复发；再次行开颅血肿清除术+蛛网膜囊肿切除术，术后恢复良好，随访10个月，血肿无复发。结论 对于蛛网膜囊肿合并慢性硬膜下血肿，有明显临床症状者需手术治疗，对于单纯硬膜下血肿，可行钻孔引流术；若合并囊内出血，建议开颅手术，有利于改善病人预后。     

儿童蛛网膜囊肿外伤后硬膜下出血或积液的诊治

目的总结儿童蛛网膜囊肿外伤后硬膜下出血或积液的治疗经验。方法2012年收治5例男性儿童蛛网膜囊肿患者,外伤后发生硬膜下出血或积液,其中2例出血患者均行开颅血肿清除加囊壁切除术;3例硬膜下积液患者中,1例行蛛网膜囊肿一腹腔分流术,2例行神经内镜造瘘术。结果治疗1月后,5例均行CT或MRI检查随访,示硬膜下血肿吸收,硬膜下积液较前明显减少,头痛症状消失,恢复正常生活。结论儿童蛛网膜囊肿外伤后硬膜下出血或积液患者采取积极的手术治疗,可获得满意效果。     

以慢性硬膜下血肿为首诊的儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿五例并文献复习

目的 探讨儿童颅内蛛网膜囊肿相关性的慢性硬膜下血肿的病因机制及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析福建医科大学附属第一医院2006年1月至2012年4月5例以慢性硬膜下血肿为首诊患儿的临床资料,男4例,女1例,年龄4 ～11岁,平均7.2岁,均以典型颅高压表现首诊,其中1例并发癫痫,另1例并发健侧肢体无力;发病前3个月内明确颅脑损伤史1例,无明确外伤史4例.结果 5例患儿术后颅高压及脑神经功能损害症状均消失.4例张力性囊肿的患儿,血肿均在3d内引流干净,最短为术后1d.其中3例于术后3周-2个月内二期行囊肿一腹腔分流术,术后随访半年-2年,血肿无复发,蛛网膜囊肿均近全消失;而另1例合并囊肿腔内血肿的患儿引流6d后血肿大部消失,症状好转,术后4个月CT复查发现囊肿消失.结论 颅内蛛网膜囊肿是儿童发生慢性硬膜下血肿的重要病因;硬膜下血肿的形成可能是机体为修复蛛网膜囊肿壁裂口而启动一系列局部炎性反应促动过程的“副产品”;治疗上首选颅骨钻孔血肿外引流术.     

额颞顶枕部机化型慢性硬膜下血肿2例临床分析

目的探讨机化型慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的临床特点及治疗方法。方法对2012~2016年我院神经外科收治的2例机化型CSDH患者的临床资料及治疗方法与效果进行分析。结果 2例患者均为中老年男性,有明确头部外伤史,表现为高颅压症和局灶神经功能损害症状。先行钻孔引流术,效果差;改行骨瓣开颅术清除血肿;骨瓣开颅术后1周均血肿复发;再行钻孔引流术,血肿清除,无复发。结论年龄50岁和头部外伤是机化型CSDH的危险因素;骨瓣开颅手术清除机化血肿的效果优于钻孔引流术;机化型CSDH术后易复发。     

高龄患者慢性硬膜下血肿手术治疗68例

目的探讨高龄患者慢性硬膜下血肿的临床特征和手术治疗。方法对我院自2000年至2009年手术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿68例进行回顾性分析。68例中,63例病人采用钻孔引流术治疗,5例采用小骨窗开颅血肿及包膜清除术治疗。结果 68例中,治愈59例,好转6例,死亡3例。结论应重视高龄患者慢性硬膜下血肿的早期诊断,颅骨钻孔引流术是治疗高龄患者慢性硬膜下血肿的首选方法,小骨窗开颅血肿及包膜清除术适于用血肿内有分隔、壁厚或已钙化者。     

慢性硬膜下血肿钻孔引流术后早期血肿机化的诊治

目的 探讨慢性硬膜下血肿（CSDH）钻孔引流术后早期血肿机化的原因及诊治。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月~2017年12月收治的7例CSDH钻孔引流术后早期血肿机化的临床资料。结果 7例有糖尿病病史及使用抗凝或抗血小板药物史；钻孔术后6 h复查CT示血肿基本清除、中线移位平均8.7 mm；术后1周内新发对侧肢体肌力下降3例，失语2例，颅内压增高症状1例，烦躁症状1例，均进行性加重。全麻下行大骨瓣开颅血肿清除及包膜切除术，术中均发现切口处少许炎性渗出；术后2年，GOS评分5分6例，4分1例。结论 糖尿病病史、切口乙级愈合、停用抗凝或抗血小板药及术后中线移位明显（>5 mm）可能是CSDH钻孔引流术后早期血肿机化的危险因素；大骨瓣开颅血肿清除联合包膜切除术是治疗CSDH钻孔引流术后早期血肿机化的有效方法。     

老年慢性硬膜下血肿手术方式的选择

目的 探讨不同手术方式治疗老年慢性硬膜下血肿的临床疗效.方法 回顾2000-01～2004-12手术治疗老年慢性硬膜下血肿患者68例(其中钻孔引流30例,开颅血肿清除38例)术后3个月、6个月头颅CT检查结果.结果 术后3个月头颅CT检查,钻孔引流30例,血肿消失12例,血肿消失率40%;开颅血肿清除38例,血肿消失36例,血肿消失率95%;术后6个月头颅CT检查,钻孔引流30例,血肿消失18例,血肿消失率60%;开颅血肿清除38例,血肿消失37例,血肿消失率97%.结论 开颅血肿清除的临床效果比钻孔引流的临床效果好,若患者身体条件允许,应尽量采用开颅血肿清除的方法治疗老年人慢性硬膜下血肿.     

外伤性硬膜下积液治疗分析

目的探讨外伤性硬膜下积液的临床治疗策略。方法回顾分析我科2007-10~2010-10外伤性硬膜下积液68例临床资料,35例行手术治疗,33例保守治疗。结果随访3~6个月,保守治疗33例,治愈率93.9%(31/33),2例转变为慢性硬膜下血肿。钻孔引流手术治疗35例,20例治愈,15例复发,再行联合腰大池穿刺置管持续引流治疗,5例治愈,10例复发,2例行硬膜下积液-腹腔分流术,1例治愈,1例堵管,堵管者与另8例开颅清除包膜使包膜腔与蛛网膜下腔交通后治愈。结论外伤性硬膜下积液无手术指征者,保守治疗,效果满意,但需定期随诊;有手术指征且年龄大伴脑萎缩者,单纯钻孔引流术复发率较高,建议开颅清除包膜使包膜腔与蛛网膜下腔交通以提高治愈率。     

双针正压逆向冲洗法治疗慢性硬膜下血肿42例临床观察

慢性硬膜下血肿(Chronic subdural hematoma,CSDH)是头外伤后3w在硬脑膜与蛛网膜之间形成的具有包膜的血肿.其有效治疗以手术血肿清除为主,主要手术方式有去骨瓣开颅血肿清除、包膜切除术及颅骨钻孔引流术等.我们应用YL-1颅内血肿穿刺针采用双针正压逆向冲洗法治疗CSDH取得了较好的临床疗效,现报道如下.     

颅脑损伤单侧去骨瓣减压术后对侧硬膜下积液43例治疗分析

目的探讨颅脑损伤单侧去骨瓣减压术后对侧硬膜下积液的临床治疗策略。方法回顾分析我科2008年1月到2011年12月单侧去骨瓣减压术后对侧外伤性硬膜下积液43例临床资料,全部病例均先行保守治疗,最终19例进行了手术治疗。结果术后随访6个月,4例转变为慢性硬膜下血肿最终行钻孔引流术,15例均先行硬膜下积液腔钻孔外引流联合腰大池穿刺置管持续引流治疗,其中10例治愈,5例迁延不愈后均再行积液腔-腹腔分流术,4例治愈,1例堵管,堵管者又开颅清除包膜使包膜腔与蛛网膜下腔交通后治愈。非手术治疗者治愈率为55.8%。结论外伤性硬膜下积液大部分能通过保守治疗治愈,无手术指征者,保守治疗,效果满意,但需定期随诊,警惕其转变为慢性硬膜下血肿;有手术指征者一般先行单纯钻孔引流术,如迁延不愈可再行积液腔-腹腔分流术以及开颅清除包膜使包膜腔与蛛网膜下腔交通以达治愈目的。     

Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa presented as subdural hematomas

The aim of the study was to present the authors' own experience and discuss the treatment method of arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa disclosed as subdural hematoma. Three cases of male patients operated on because of chronic subdural hematoma are presented. Control CT studies after evacuation of hematomas revealed arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa and all patients were qualified for delayed cystocisternostomy by open craniotomy. Indirect signs of presence of arachnoid cysts in the form of bony abnormalities and expanded the middle cranial fossa in the first CT were seen in all patients. Cysts were asymptomatic until the injury in all cases. The volumes of cysts in MRI scans were: 17.8 ml, 52.9 ml and 92.4 ml, respectively. All cysts were type II according to Galassi classification. After control MRI described above made to evaluate cyst appearance, delayed cystocisternostomy to basal cisterns was undertaken in two cases with full success. No complications were observed. The third patient refused surgery. During surgery the thick and non-transparent medial cyst wall and arachnoidea of tentorial notch cisterns were observed impeding the exact identification of neurovascular structures. In our opinion arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa revealed as subdural hematoma should be operated on in two stages: in the first step subdural hematoma should be evacuated and in the second step cystocisternostomy should be performed. With regard to observed morphological changes of arachnoidea and cyst walls we think that open cystocisternostomy is treatment of choice in these cases.     

Arachnoid Cyst with Spontaneous Intracystic Hemorrhage and Chronic Subdural Hematoma

We report a case of arachnoid cyst in which subdural hematoma and intracystic hemorrhage developed spontaneously. Usually, arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic, but can become symptomatic because of cyst enlargement or hemorrhage, often after mild head trauma. Although they are sometimes combined with subdural hematoma, intracystic hemorrhage has rarely been observed. Our patient had a simultaneous subdural hematoma and intracystic hemorrhage without evidence of head trauma.     

机化型慢性硬膜下血肿的手术治疗

目的探讨机化型慢性硬膜下血肿(OCSDH)的临床特点及手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2014年1月至2018年6月4例OCSDH手术患者临床资料。结果 OCSDH的临床表现为颅高压及局灶神经功能损害症状,4例患者中2例先行钻孔引流,效果差,再行骨瓣开颅血肿清除术,另外2例患者直接行骨瓣开颅血肿清除术,其中3例患者完整切除,1例患者残留部分脏层包膜,无手术死亡病例。术后均口服阿托伐他汀。随访6月~4年,均恢复良好,无复发病例。结论术前仔细阅读影像学资料、术中采取合理的治疗策略、术后口服阿托伐他汀能显著提高OCSDH的疗效。     

Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa and traumatic complications

A 17-year-old boy is reported with chronic subdural hematoma and a unilateral grade III arachnoid cyst in the middle cranial fossa. After operation he recovered completely. Attention is drawn to the liability of these arachnoidal cysts to hemorrhagic complications. Subdural hematoma, subarachnoidal hemorrhage and intracystic bleeding have all been reported. These may follow otherwise insignificant trauma to the head, and may have major legal implications in cases of assaults.     

改良T型乳胶管治疗慢性硬膜下血肿

目的研究改良T型乳胶管对慢性硬膜下血肿的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院神经外科2000年1月～2010年1月收治并行钻孔引流术（BHID）的慢性硬膜下血肿病人共169例，其中用改良T型乳胶管引流的共91例，用侧孔橡皮管引流的共78例。结果改良T管组和MffL橡皮管组的术后颅内积气积液和术后复发率有统计学差异，术后颅内感染率无显著差异。结论改良T型乳胶管对慢性硬膜下血肿有较好的治疗效果。     

Chronic subdural hematoma in capoeira sport

Chronic subdural hematomas in young people is extremely rare and has some provoking factors such as V-P shunts, arachnoid cyst, anticoagulant drug usage, vigorous sports and coagulopathies. A static or dynamic mechanical load is almost always delivered to skull associated with either mild or severe head trauma. A 25-year old-man who was previously healthy has complained of intermittent headache for six months. He had been interested in capoiera (Brazilian exciting sport) for two years and has had no any evidence of head injury. After admission, he was operated immediately because of chronic subdural hematoma. We report a patient who is the first chronic subdural hematoma in the literature due to playing capoeira.     

Intracranial arachnoid cyst with subdural hematoma

A case of a middle fossa arachnoid cyst associated with a post-traumatic subdural hematoma is reported, where the inner membrane of the hematoma did not entirely cover the cyst surface. At operation a third cavity was detected between the arachnoid cyst and the hematoma and it is postulated that the subdural hematoma was consequent to the developmental anomaly. We have reviewed 72 cases in the literature and discuss the management of subdural hematoma in the presence of arachnoid cysts.     

原发性基底节区脑出血手术策略的选择及疗效分析

目的探讨原发性基底节区脑出血手术策略的选择并对其疗效进行分析总结。方法2008年1月至2013年1月经手术治疗原发性基底节区脑出血病人120例。对于血肿量在30-60ml或者血肿量较大已形成脑疝者87例患者行开颅手术血肿清除术,其中未脑疝并且一般身体情况较好的56例行微创小骨窗经侧裂-岛叶入路血肿清除术;另31例血肿量较大已形成脑疝者行大骨瓣颅血肿清除术,12例由于术后脑压仍高加行去骨瓣减压术。对于合并有心,脑,肾严重疾病,以及年龄大于70岁的33例病人行血肿穿刺引流术。术后3天复查头颅CT,观察血肿清情况,术后半年按照COS量表对患者进行疗效评定。结果采用血肿穿刺引流术33例患者术后3天,再出血4例,术后6个月GOS预后评分5分0例,4分16例,3分100例,2分4例,1分3例;采用开颅血肿清除术87例患者,其中56例采用小骨窗经侧裂-岛叶入路,术后3天再出血4例,术后6个月COS预后评分5分0例,4分38例,3分14例,2分2例,1分2例;而行大骨瓣颅内清除31例患者,术后3天再出血8例,术后6个月GOS预后评分5分0例,4分11例,3分9例,2分6例,1分5例。结论对于血肿量在30-60ml,未脑疝并且一般身体情况较好的患者,行小骨窗经侧裂-岛叶入路血肿清除术,手术效果好,恢复快;对血肿量大于60ml或者脑疝的病人,建议行大骨瓣颅血肿清除术,必要时行去骨瓣减压术。合并有心,脑,肾严重疾病,以及年龄大于70岁的病人行血肿穿刺引流术。早期进行小骨窗开颅血肿清除术及积极处理并发症有助于降低基底节区脑出血患者的死亡率,改善其预后。     

Arachnoid cyst of the middle cranial fossa — aplasia of temporal lobe?

In 11 cases of intracranial, temporal arachnoid cysts the etiology, clinical and radiographic findings, surgical treatment, and outcome are reviewed in respect of post-traumatic subdural hematoma. Cysts of the middle cranial fossa are susceptible to trauma, which may cause bleeding either into the cyst or into the subdural space. Signs and symptoms of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP), local neurological deficits, and sometimes epileptic seizures may lead to hospitalization. CT or MRI scans are diagnostic in these cases. In cases of intracranial mass lesion with displacement of the midline structures and increasing ICP, osteoplastic craniotomy is performed and the lateral wall of the cyst is resected down to the tentorial notch by a microsurgical procedure, with opening into the basal cisterns. There were no operative or postoperative complications in 11 consecutive cases. However, one boy required a cystoperitoneal shunt 3 months later as a result of hydrocephalus following subdural hematoma. Asymptomatic arachnoid cysts are discussed with respect to brain function and social behavior.Paper presented at the 10th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatric Neurosurgery, Aalborg 1986     

儿童颞部蛛网膜囊肿不同术式的疗效分析

目的探讨儿童颅内颞叶蛛网膜囊肿的手术方法和疗效。方法颞部蛛网膜囊肿患儿65例,27例行囊肿-腹腔分流术,17例行显微镜下囊壁剥离＋脑池穿通术,21例行内镜下囊壁剥离＋脑池穿通术,并比较三种不同术式的治疗效果。结果囊肿-腹腔分流术、显微镜和内镜术后囊肿缩小率分别为88.9%、94.1%和95.2%,三者相比,无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。术后转流障碍是囊肿-腹腔分流术的主要并发症,且经受该手术患者并发感染后治疗效果差、囊肿消失后拔管率低;术后硬膜下积液和慢性硬膜下血肿则是显微镜和内镜手术的主要并发症。结论根据囊肿形态、大小、脑脊液吸收功能等进行评估,以微创为主导个体化选择手术治疗儿童颞部囊肿,可取得较满意效果。