干扰素-β治疗多发性硬化

主要临床研究均证实干扰素-β(IFN-β)治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化(RRMS)疗效肯定,且在一定剂量范围内疗效与剂量、频次呈正相关,IFN-β已经成为治疗RRMS的首选药物之一。IFN-β常见副作用包括流感样症状和注射部位反应等,在应用IFN-β早期尤为明显;大多数副作用比较轻微,严重的或患者不能耐受的不良反应少见。IFN-β中和抗体阳性可能影响疗效,但尚无统一结论。此文就不同类型IFN-β的异同及其治疗MS疗效判定标准、治疗时机和治疗剂量等作一综述。     

干扰素-β1b治疗复发缓解型多发性硬化16例疗效及经验总结

目的评价东北地区复发缓解型多发性硬化(RRMS)患者应用IFN-β1b的疗效及安全性。方法统计16例RRMS患者用药前后的ARR、平均EDSS评分以评价IFN-β1b的疗效,总结IFN-β1b相关的药物不良反应及其严重程度,评价药物的耐受性及安全性,并进一步分析停药原因。结果 (1)16例RRMS患者平均应用IFN-β1b 11.7 m,治疗前后的ARR分别为(1.65±1.01)、(0.97±1.00),t=2.307,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;治疗前后的平均DESS评分分别为(2.63±1.04)、(2.03±1.58),t=2.164,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;(2)16例患者累计不良反应发生21例次,分别为流感样副作用9例,注射部位红肿或硬结7例,肝功能异常3例,轻度血白细胞降低1例,脱发1例,其中1例患者因持续肝功异常而停用IFN-β1b;(3)16例患者中2例患者停用IFN-β1b,1例患者因药物不良反应停用,1例患者认为IFN-β1b无效停用。结论 (1)IFN-β1b可降低RRMS患者的ARR,改善EDSS评分,延缓疾病的进展;(2)IFN-β1b相关的不良反应以流感样症状和注射部位反应最为常见,部分患者出现肝功异常,多数症状轻微可自行缓解,少数严重不良反应可于减量后继续使用或停用。     

干扰素-β-1b治疗多发性硬化的疗效及不良反应观察

目的探讨干扰素-β-1b(IFN-β-1b)用于治疗中国多发性硬化(MS)患者的疗效及不良反应。方法对12例确诊的复发缓解型MS(RRMS)患者给予IFN-β-1b治疗,并于治疗后第4、8、12、24周随访。通过观察患者扩展的功能缺损状况量表(EDSS)评分、头MRI T2加权像病灶数量及Gd-DTPA强化病灶数量、体积的演变,综合评价IFN-β-1b治疗MS的疗效,并通过分析血常规、肝肾功能等检测指标及不良反应综合评价该药物的不良反应。结果 (1)12例患者治疗前与治疗后24周EDSS评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)治疗前6个月疾病复发率为33.33%(4/12),治疗后24周内复发率41.67%(5/12),两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)与治疗前相比,治疗后第12周及第24周时MRI检查发现T2病灶数量、Gd-DTPA强化病灶数量及体积均明显减少(P<0.05)。(4)治疗后第24周血清尿酸、肌酐水平〔分别为(66.64±16.15)(、295.48±165.36)μmol/L〕与治疗前〔分别为(69.07±14.70)(、319.86±113.61)μmol/L〕相比明显降低(P<0.01),血尿素氮、肝功能、血常规等血液指标与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(5)所有患者分别出现不同程度的局部注射部位红肿、头疼、肌肉关节疼痛、发热等不良反应。结论 IFN-β-1b用于治疗MS患者在24周内可以改善影像学改变情况,但不能明显改善疾病复发和临床神经功能障碍程度;IFN-β-1b的常见不良反应为注射局部红肿、头疼、肌肉关节疼痛、发热等。     

β-干扰素治疗多发性硬化

多发性硬化（multiplesclerosis,ms）是神经科常见的脱髓鞘性疾病,发病机理至今尚未完全清楚。以激素和免疫抑制剂为主的治疗虽然在急性或能收到比较满意的近期效果,但在预防复发和改善预后方面还有困难。天然干扰素（Interferons,IFNS）发现于1957年,60年代以来开始在临床进行研究,在其生物学特征,药代动力学和副作用方面积累了大量资料。自1980年利用重组DNA技术克隆了IFN基因并能够生产重组产品后,IFN的临床研究开创了一个新纪元。本文对β-IFN治疗MS的临床研究作一综述。一、IFN的生物学特点根据IFN基因系列分析命名…     

激素联合β-干扰素治疗多发性硬化疗效分析

目的分析激素联合β-干扰素治疗多发性硬化的临床疗效。方法选择2012-01—2013-11我院诊治的63例多发性硬化患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组33例采用激素联合β-干扰素治疗,对照组30例采用单纯激素治疗。比较2组治疗前后IFN-γ和IL-10浓度以及血清IL-6的变化,同时对2组伤残等级的疗效以及临床疗效作出评定。结果 2组治疗后IFN-γ浓度相比治疗前有明显降低,治疗后2组相比差异有统计学意义(t=74.5595,P0.05);治疗后IL-10浓度相比治疗前明显升高,2组治疗后相比差异有统计学意义(t=8.0886,P0.0001);2组治疗前后血清IL-6浓度比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);2组治疗后伤残等级平均评分差异有统计学意义(t=3.9341,P0.05);2组显效率比较差异有统计学意义(2χ=4.4978,P0.05)。结论激素联合β-干扰素治疗多发性硬化效果良好,值得临床推广。     

β-干扰素对多发性硬化患者趋化因子mRNA表达的影响

目的　观察干扰素 β 1b(IFNβ 1b)在体外对多发性硬化 (MS)患者趋化因子mRNA表达的影响。方法　取MS患者外周血 ,分离单个核细胞 (MNC) ,以其他非炎性神经系统疾病 (OND)及健康人 (HC)为对照组。MNC在完全培养基中分别与自身抗原髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP)、对照抗原AChR及不加抗原组 ,加或不加药物IFNβ 1b共同培养 ,3d后收集细胞 ,涂片 ,用地高辛标记的寡核苷酸探针进行原位杂交 (ISH) ,检测C C趋化因子单核细胞炎性蛋白 1α/ β(MIP 1α/ β)、单核细胞趋化蛋白 1(MCP 1 )和正常T细胞表达及分泌的调节活化因子 (RANTES)mRNA的表达。结果　MBP刺激的MIP 1α及自发产生的MIP 1αmRNA均受到IFN β 1b的抑制 ,但差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5)。RANTESmRNA的表达受到IFNβ 1b的抑制 ,在MBP诱导下无药物处理时为 30 2± 1 5 0 (细胞数 / 1 0 5,下同 ) ,有药物处理为 1 1 1± 5 3 ,差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 ) ;在无抗原诱导下无药物处理时为 1 8 5± 3 3 ,有药物处理为 5 1± 3 2 ,差异亦有显著意义 (P <0 0 1 )。IFNβ 1b在 1 0U/ml浓度下 ,可对MBP刺激的MCP 1mRNA的表达产生抑制作用 (分别为 1 58 4± 1 0 4 3和 63 2± 36 9,差异有显著性意义 ,P <0 0 1 ) ,而对自发产生的MCP 1mRNA作用不明显 ;对MBP刺激     

干扰素-β治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化系统评价

目的评价干扰素-β(IFN-β)治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化的有效性和安全性。方法检索Cochrane临床对照试验中心注册库、美国国立医学图书馆、荷兰医学文摘、CINAHL、LILACS、PEDRO、中国生物医学文献数据库、临床试验注册中心和世界卫生组织国际临床试验注册平台(检索截止时间:2014年6月);并通过阅读相关论文参考文献,联系参与IFN-β治疗多发性硬化临床试验的研究者和企业,进一步获取研究信息或未发表的数据。由两名评价人员独立筛选研究、提取研究信息和数据、评价偏倚风险。应用Review Manager软件(Version 5.3.3)进行Meta分析,GRADEpro软件评价研究设计和实施过程中的局限性(偏倚风险)、结果的不一致性和不精确性、证据的间接性和发表偏倚对主体证据质量的影响。结果共检索相关文献576篇,阅读标题和摘要后初步筛选出26项研究;进一步阅读全文后纳入5项研究(共2129例复发-缓解型多发性硬化患者:高剂量IFN-β组1076例、安慰剂组1053例)。所有纳入的研究均为IFN-β单药治疗且随访时间≥1年的随机双盲安慰剂对照平行临床试验。大多数研究存在方法学局限性,主要缺陷为随访偏倚风险较高,且数据分析未使用意向治疗原则,仅919例受试者(43.17%)的数据可用于分析随访2年时的主要结局。Meta分析显示,IFN-β可轻微减少随访2年时复发病例数(RR=0.810,95%CI:0.740~0.890;P=0.000)和残疾进展病例数(RR=0.700,95%CI:0.550~0.880;P=0.002);敏感性分析(最差情况的演示分析)显示,IFN-β治疗无效(RR=1.110,95%CI:0.730~1.680,P=0.620;RR=1.310,95%CI:0.600~2.890,P=0.500)。共1581例患者(74.26%)的数据可用于分析随访1年时至少复发1次的病例数(RR=0.740,95%CI:0.590~0.930;P=0.010),绝对危险降低率为13.24%,需治疗的病例数为8例,表明需要治疗8例患者才可防止1例在第1年内复发。但在年复发率方面,IFN-β治疗无效。IFN-β常导致注射部位局部反应、寒颤、发热、肌肉疼痛、流感样症状、头痛、血清丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶水平升高等不良事件,但并不增加外周血淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞减少、抑郁、自杀行为或自杀观念的发生。结论高质量证据显示,IFN-β治疗复发-缓解型多发性硬化可轻微降低第1年内的复发病例数,但超过1年的疗效尚不能确定。目前尚无足够证据证明IFN-β在减少残疾进展病例数方面的疗效,尚待高质量的随机对照临床试验评价其长期有效性。     

多发性硬化患者生活质量调查

目的观察多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)患者扩展残疾状况评分量表(expanded disability status scale,EDSS)评分、病程、年龄及性别与生活质量的关系,初步探讨影响MS患者生活质量的因素。方法对35例MS患者进行EDSS评分,填写MS专用生活质量(MSQOL-54)量表,分别对MS患者的EDSS评分、病程、年龄与MSQOL-54量表评分的相关性进行分析。结果 MS患者EDSS评分与生活质量呈负相关(r=-0.395,P=0.019),但为非线性关系;在MSQOL-54的14个领域中,身体健康状况、因身体问题引起的角色受限、活力、健康的自我感觉、社会功能及总体生活质量与EDSS评分具有相关性;EDSS评分与生活质量评分的"健康变化情况"及"性生活的满意度"无相关性(P=0.108,P=0.1 39);病程、年龄、性别与生活质量均无相关性(P0.05);EDSS评分与病程也无相关性(P=0.925)。结论 EDSS评分在MS早期较晚期更能预测患者生活质量,可作为早期MS患者生活质量的一个预测因子,从而指导临床医生早期关注患者生活质量并进行必要干预。     

多发性硬化干扰素β治疗效果初步观察

目的初步探讨干扰素(IFN-β)用于中国早期多发性硬化(MS)的疗效。方法对6例MS患者采用IFN-β治疗,并随访4~27个月。根据扩展的功能缺损状况量表评分(EDSS)、磁共振(MRI)T2加权病灶演变及持续缓解的时间,综合评价IFN-β的治疗疗效。结果6例患者随访期EDSS评分明显改善,T2W病灶负荷明显缩小,无复发者。结论IFN-β用于中国MS患者能改善其神经功能障碍,并减少复发。     

多发性硬化患者生活质量评估及其影响因素探讨

目的评估多发性硬化患者生活质量水平,并探讨其影响因素。方法收集2012年7月~2016年12月就诊于河南省人民医院复发缓解型多发性硬化患者(relapsing-remitting MS,RRMS)36例,继发进展性多发性硬化患者(secondary progressive MS,SPMS)21例作为研究对象。采用多发性硬化生活质量54项评分(Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 instrument,MSQo L-54)测试MS患者的生活质量;对所有研究对象进行认知功能、抑郁状态、疲劳、睡眠质量及日常生活能力评估。结果 (1)RRMS组及SPMS组患者躯体生活质量(RRMS组58.62±16.32;SPMS组28.77±15.99,P=0.000)、精神生活质量(RRMS组57.33±16.72;SPMS组36.27±23.50,P=0.000)均有下降,SPMS组下降更明显。多元逐步回归法分析,与MS生活质量相关因素中,Hamilton抑郁量表评分处于第一位(β=-0.516,P<0.001),其次为反应躯体化残疾程度的EDSS评分(β=-0.372,P<0.001),第三位为疲劳评分(β=-0.250,P=0.002)。结论 MS患者有不同程度的生活质量下降,SPMS患者更明显。EDSS评分、抑郁、疲劳影响患者生活质量,早期干预抑郁及疲劳,对于改善MS患者生活质量有益。     

Autoantibody synthesis in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-1b

Abstract We conducted an open-labeled clinical trial of interferon beta-1b (IFNB) treatment in 20 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and longitudinally monitored autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), thyroid peroxidase (TPO),myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), synapsin and S-100B. Before treatment, one patient had elevated TPO antibodies, four patients had elevated antibodies against S-100B, two patients against MOG or synapsin and one patient against MBP. In two patients we observed a continuous increase of dsDNA or TPO antibodies above the normal range. This rise paralleled IFNB treatment. In addition, 11 of 20 patients developed neutralizing antibodies against IFNB. There was no increase of autoantibodies directed against central nervous system antigens. Like patients with relapsing remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, PPMS patients may be at risk of an autoimmune response during IFNB treatment.     

Natalizumab vs interferon beta 1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a head-to-head retrospective study

Background – No head‐to‐head study has been performed yet to assess whether natalizumab is more effective than classical immunomodulators in multiple sclerosis (MS). Aim – To retrospectively compare the efficacy of natalizumab vs IFN beta 1a SC (44 μg; Rebif^®) on clinical and radiological findings in two matched cohorts of patients with MS. Patients and methods – We retrospectively enrolled two cohorts of 42 patients (F/M: 35/7) with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis treated with natalizumab or IFN beta 1a for at least 12 consecutive months. Outcome measures were annualized relapse rate (ARR), changes in expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score, and number of contrast‐enhancing lesions (CELs) at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results – In both groups, the ARR in the 12 months of treatment was lower than in the 12 months before therapy (0.24 vs 1.50 in natalizumab‐treated group, P < 0.0000; 0.55 vs 1.10 in IFN beta 1a‐treated group, P = 0.0006), being the effect of natalizumab significantly stronger (P = 0.0125). EDSS reduction was significantly different between the two groups in favor of natalizumab (P = 0.0018). The frequency and number of CELs per patient were decreased in both groups. In the second year, the treatment affected ARR and EDSS progression in the two groups of patients similarly to the first year, whereas number of CELs decreased more significantly in natalizumab group (P = 0.008). Conclusions – After 12 and 24 months of therapy, natalizumab was more effective than IFN beta 1a SC on both disease activity and disability progression. Prospective head‐to‐head studies would be helpful to further evaluate the differences observed in the MRI outcomes.     

Stabilization of rapidly worsening multiple sclerosis for 36 months in patients treated with interferon beta plus cyclophosphamide followed by interferon beta

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is an alkylating agent related to nitrogen mustards whose anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects have been utilised to treat selected cases of multiple sclerosis with a progressive and worsening course. To halt the progression of disease in patients refractory to disease modifying drugs CTX has been given, and several open-label studies have recently shown clinical benefits. In a previous study we demonstrated the effectiveness of a combination of IV monthly pulses of CTX and interferon (IFN-) in 10 patients with rapidly transitional form of multiple sclerosis characterised by severe and frequent attacks and rapid progression of disability. The present study reports the clinical and MRI follow-up 36 months after the discontinuation of CTX showing the maintenance of the results obtained in relapse rate (p<0.001), EDSS (p<0.001), T2 MRI total lesion load (p<0.001) and T2 lesions number (p<0.001) compared to the pre-treatment period. These encouraging findings and the absence of significant recorded side effects affirm that the association of CTX plus interferon-beta is amenable, safe and can be recommended in rapidly worsening MS patients.     

Quality of life in 1000 patients with early relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Background and purpose:  To examine the quality of life (QoL) in a large cohort of untreated patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to investigate the impact of intramuscular (IM) interferon beta-1a (IFNß-1a) treatment.
Methods:  Prospective, observational, open-label, multicentre study conducted in Germany. Untreated patients with RRMS who initiated treatment with IM IFNß-1a were included and followed for 12 months. QoL was measured using the EQ-5D questionnaire. Clinical response was assessed by relapse rate and disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale; EDSS).
Results:  A total of 1157 patients were included [mean age 37.6 years, median disease duration 13 months, mean relapse rate 1.7 (95%CI: 1.58–1.73), median EDSS score 2.0]. Relapse rate was reduced to 0.6 at 12 months (95%CI: 0.51–0.69, P  < 0.0001). EDSS did not change significantly. At baseline, QoL was considerably lower in MS patients compared with the general German population, but was improved after treatment initiation [utilities of EQ-5D: 0.77 (95%CI: 0.75–0.78) vs. 0.75 (95%CI: 0.74–0.76) at baseline, 95%CI for difference: 0.01–0.03, P  = 0.0046]. Higher disease activity and inability to work were negative predictors of QoL. 14.7% of patients were incapable of working for MS-related reasons.
Conclusions:  Quality of life is considerably impaired in early stages of MS. Treatment initiation with IM IFNß attenuates MS disease activity and improves QoL. Inability to work early during the disease is a major challenge for the social security systems.     

A longitudinal study of quality of life and side effects in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1a

In a 12-month follow-up study, we evaluated 27 patients (18 F and 9 M) with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS), who had started treatment with interferon beta-1a (IFNbeta-1a) (Avonex), 30 microg i.m. once weekly, 6-18 months (median 10 months) before study entry. Quality of life (QOL), disability, independence, cognitive performances, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and fatigue were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The frequency and severity of the side effects of treatment, at hours 0-12, 13-48 and 49-168 after the injection, were self-reported weekly in a structured questionnaire. QOL did not change significantly during the follow-up. The percentage of patients who reported side effects after the injection of IFNbeta-1a remained constant during the 52 weeks. The mean number of side effects increased significantly from the 6th to the 12th month. The general linear model analysis of variance disclosed significant changes over time for almost all side effects, but we did not find any correlation between QOL and number of side effects. In conclusion, 1-year treatment with IFNbeta-1a did not significantly change patient's QOL. Disability progression correlated with patient's QOL. Side effects, which were mild, did not diminish over time, did not induce treatment discontinuation and did not interfere with QOL.     

Human herpesvirus 6 and effectiveness of interferon beta 1b in multiple sclerosis patients

Background: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been repeatedly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Also, it has been speculated that, besides its immunomodulatory properties, the efficacy of interferon beta (IFN‐beta) in treating the disease may be related to its antiviral properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vivo antiviral effect of IFN‐beta‐1b over HHV‐6 and EBV and to analyze whether such effect could be involved in its effectiveness in MS. Methods: A total of 54 patients with MS were included in an observational, multicentric, 24‐month study. HHV‐6 and EBV were detected by qPCR in blood and serum samples. IFN‐beta‐1b effectiveness was evaluated by presence, number and severity of relapses, reduction in the relapse rate, disability progression, and response to the treatment. Results: Patients with HHV‐6 in blood had a higher risk of severe relapses (P = 0.01) and bad response (P = 0.03). HHV‐6 was detected more frequently during relapses than in remission in blood (P = 0.024) and in serum (P = 0.0002). Patients with HHV‐6 in serum had more relapses (P = 0.02), lesser reduction in the relapse rate (P = 0.04), and a lower proportion of responders (P = 0.02) than those without HHV‐6 active replication. However, any association between EBV and clinical parameters could not be found. Conclusions: We concluded that presence of HHV‐6 in blood and serum during IFN‐beta treatment could be a good marker of poor response.     

Long-term clinical experience with weekly interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis

Post-marketing surveillance studies are needed to assess the long-term safety, compliance and clinical efficacy of interferon beta-1a (IFN β -1a) therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The goals of this study were to (i) assess the safety, compliance and clinical efficacy of long-term intramuscular (i.m.) IFN β -1a therapy in a large cohort of patients, and (ii) suggest possible predictors of therapeutic response. A total of 255 patients were included in the study. Mean time on therapy was 31.7 ± 19.3 months. Within 3 years, 31% of patients discontinued treatment, mainly for disease activity. No significant sustained blood analysis alteration was observed over time, apart from a decrease of cholesterol levels. After 3 years of treatment, mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores increased by 0.4 points compared with baseline. The mean annual relapse rate was reduced compared with baseline. Patients with ≤2 relapses in the previous 2 years and with baseline EDSS scores of ≤2 had a longer estimated time to first relapse and to progression and first relapse, respectively. These results confirm the safety and suggest a sustained effectiveness of i.m. IFN β -1a, extending the reported follow-up period to 6.3 years, and hypothesize the presence of possible predictors of clinical outcome.     

Different responses to interferon beta‐1b treatment in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis

Background: Although the benefit of treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is firmly established, whether interferon beta‐1b (IFNB‐1b) therapy is efficacious for neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has been debated. Methods: We reviewed the responses to IFNB‐1b treatment in 18 patients with relapsing NMO and compared the results with those from 38 patients with relapsing–remitting MS. We compared clinical characteristics, the annualized relapse rate (ARR) and the probability of being relapse free before and after IFNB‐1b treatment in patients with NMO and MS. Results: The proportion of patients with more than 50% increase in the ARR after IFNB‐1b treatment was much higher in NMO than in MS (P = 0.046). ARR was significantly lower in patients with MS after IFNB‐1b administration than before (P = 0.015), but not in NMO. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank statistical analyses revealed that relapse‐free rates were lower in NMO than MS after IFNB‐1b treatment (P = 0.032). The analyses also showed lower relapse‐free rates during the pre‐IFNB‐1b treatment period than the post‐IFNB‐1b treatment period in MS (P < 0.001), but not in NMO. Conclusion: IFNB‐1b treatment does not appear to be effective for preventing relapse in NMO likely because of differences between the immune‐pathogenesis of NMO and MS.