31例意外胆囊癌的诊断和治疗分析

目的探讨意外胆囊癌的诊断和治疗。方法31例患者术前诊断慢性结石性胆囊炎症18例，急性结石性胆囊炎症5例，单纯胆囊结石3例，胆囊息肉5例。予开腹胆囊切除术11例，腹腔镜胆囊切除术20例。术中冰冻切片证实胆囊癌23例，术后病理确诊8例。行单纯胆囊切除8例，胆囊癌根治术15例，8例二期行胆囊癌根治术。结果术后获随访25例（80．6％），其中3例存活已超过8年，目前仍健在；5例存活超过5年，9例超过1年，存活1年以内8例。失访6例。结论意外胆囊癌术前诊断困难，重视高危因素、术中快速冰冻切片检查是意外胆囊癌诊断的重要依据。而尽快实施手术治疗，并力求根治性切除是其治疗原则。     

意外胆囊癌的临床诊断和治疗分析

目的探讨意外胆囊癌的诊断和治疗。方法对我院1998年5月-2007年4月35例意外胆囊癌的患者资料进行回顾性分析。结采术前诊断幔性结石性胆囊炎症21例,急性结石性胆囊炎症5例,单纯胆囊姑石3例,胆囊息肉6例。开腹胆囊切除术13例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术22例。术中冷冻切片证实胆囊癌25例,术后病理确诊10例。行单纯胆囊切除11例,胆囊癌根治术14例,10例二期行胆囊癌根治术。结论意外胆囊癌术前诊断困难,重视高危因素、术中快速冷冻切片检查是意外胆囊癌诊断的重要依据。而尽快实施手术治疗,并力求根治性切除是其治疗原则。手术为胆囊癌最有效的治疗手段,早期发现、合理治疗为提高胆囊癌生存的有效措施。     

意外胆囊癌11例诊治分析

目的探讨意外胆囊癌的诊治。方法分析11例意外胆囊癌的临床资料,总结临床诊治经验。结果11例患者中,术前诊断慢性结石性胆囊炎8例,Mirrizi综合征1例,胆囊息肉2例。2例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,9例行开腹胆囊切除术。术中冰冻切片证实胆囊癌5例,术后病理确诊6例。Nevin分期：Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期5例,Ⅲ期3例,Ⅴ期1例。单纯胆囊切除术5例,胆囊癌根治术5例,胆囊癌根治术＋部分胆管切除肝总管空肠吻合术1例。二次手术2例。死亡3例,存活8例。结论重视胆囊癌的高危因素,术中对切除胆囊进行剖检及冰冻切片检查,术后行常规石蜡切片检查,有利于发现意外胆囊癌;术中及时或术后二次手术行胆囊癌根治术可以延长生存时间,改善预后。     

意外胆囊癌的临床诊断和治疗分析

目的 探讨意外胆囊癌的诊断和治疗.方法 对我院2001 -05 ～ 2010 - 05间12例意外胆囊癌的患者资料进行回顾性分析.结果 术前诊断慢性结石性胆囊炎症7例,急性结石性胆囊炎症3例,胆囊息肉2例.开腹胆囊切除术1例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术11例.术中冷冻切片证实胆囊癌3例,术后病理确诊9例.行单纯胆囊切除10例...     

意外胆囊癌的诊治探讨

目的：探讨意外胆囊癌（UGC）的诊断和治疗。方法：回顾性分析24例腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术中、术后发现的UGC的诊治过程。结果：10例术中快速冰冻病理证实为胆囊癌,即中转开腹;14例术后病理证实,二次手术行肝床切除加淋巴结清扫。结论：UGC多为早期胆囊癌,高危病例应重视术中快速病理检查,NevinⅡ~Ⅳ期宜扩大根治,晚期病人联合胰十二指肠切除无益生存率的提高。     

意外胆囊癌的诊治探讨

目的:探讨意外胆囊癌(UGC)的诊断和治疗。方法:回顾性分析24例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术中、术后发现的UGC的诊治过程。结果:10例术中快速冰冻病理证实为胆囊癌,即中转开腹;14例术后病理证实,二次手术行肝床切除加淋巴结清扫。结论:UGC多为早期胆囊癌,高危病例应重视术中快速病理检查,NevinⅡ~Ⅳ期宜扩大根治,晚期病人联合胰十二指肠切除无益生存率的提高。     

意外胆囊癌的诊断与治疗

目的:总结意外胆囊癌(unsuspected gallbladder cancer)的诊断和治疗经验.方法:回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2007午12月收治的15例意外胆囊癌患者的临床资料,总结临床诊治经验.结果:15例患者术前诊断胆囊结石12例.胆囊息肉2倒.胆囊结石台并息肉1例.开腹胆囊切除术5例.行腹腔镜胆囊切除术10倒.术后均经病理证实为胆囊癌;Nevin分期Ⅰ期3例,Ⅱ期7例.Ⅲ期4例.Ⅳ期1例.NevinⅠ期密切观察随访.Ⅱ、Ⅲ期行标准胆囊癌根治术.Ⅳ期行扩大胆囊癌根治术.中位随访时间为5.0年.其中13例存活,2例死亡;5例存活超过5年,5年生存率达84.8%.结论:早期胆囊癌术前很难诊断,术中应常规剖视胆囊.对可疑病变行冰冻切片检查;对NevinⅡ～Ⅳ期的意外胆囊癌应再次开腹行根治性手术.     

外科治疗胆囊癌32例临床分析

目的：分析胆囊癌的病因、诊断与治疗特点。方法：对我院1990年1月到2005年5月,收治的32例胆囊癌进行回顾性分析。结果：本组32例均行手术治疗,其中：3例行单纯胆囊切除术;21例行胆囊癌根治性切除术;1例行胆囊癌扩大根治术;7例行姑息性手术。术后随访4年,7例姑息性手术患者均于3个月到1年死亡;单纯性胆囊切除及胆囊癌根治术患者死亡24例;30例术后生存期为1-2年,1例术后3年现仍存活。结论：重视胆囊癌的早期诊断,手术切除为治疗胆囊癌首选。胆囊切除术后发现的意外胆囊癌应及时行二次根治性手术。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术意外胆囊癌32例临床分析

目的探讨减少腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）意外胆囊癌的发生及对LC意外胆囊癌的正确处理。方法对医院普外科16412例LC术中或术后发现的意外胆囊癌32例,进行回顾性分析。结果本组病人中50岁以上的24例,胆囊结石病史10年以上16例,1年以内6例。术前均行B超检查,有8例怀疑胆囊癌,但未作进一步检查明确诊断。LC术中发现胆囊癌14例（Ⅰ期2例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期4例,Ⅳ期2例）,均经冰冻病检证实,Ⅰ期者均只行LC手术,Ⅱ～Ⅳ期病例中转开腹行根治性手术。LC术后病理切片发现胆囊癌18例（Ⅰ期8例,Ⅱ期10例）,Ⅰ期者均未再手术,Ⅱ期中4例再次行根治性手术（另6例未接受再次手术）。随访5个月～5年,4例失访,28例随访中死亡12例,4例肿瘤复发,带瘤生存。其余12例存活。结论把握好术前诊断、术中及时发现,是减少意外胆囊癌的关键。对高龄、结石病史5年以上的应视为高危病人高度警惕胆囊癌的可能性,应采取多种辅助检查手段,协助诊断。对意外胆囊癌,目前被大多数学者认同,无论术中或术后一旦发现,均应根据胆囊癌的分期进行中转或早期再次合理的手术。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎6例临床诊治探讨

目的:探讨基层医院对黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的临床诊断和治疗策略.方法:回顾分析我院收治的6例XGC患者的临床资料.结果:6例中1例术前初步诊断为XGC,3例诊断为慢性胆囊炎,2例为可疑胆囊癌;6例中5例合并胆囊结石.行腹腔镜手术3例,开放手术3例.术中冰冻切片病理检查3例,分别诊断为XGC、慢性胆囊炎、不排除胆囊癌.5例行单纯胆囊切除,1例行胆囊癌根治术.6例术后常规病理检查证实为XGC,均顺利出院.结论:XGC临床表现无特异性,术前诊断困难,术中冰冻切片病理检查亦较困难,术后石蜡切片方能确诊.基层医院医师应根据不同情况采取相应的诊断和治疗策略.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.